Instituto Universitário de Ciências Psicológicas, Sociais e da Vida
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Revistas e editoras predadoras no campo da saúde: Problemática e recomendações aos investigadores.
Get PDFResumen: Se analiza la problemática de las revistas y editoriales
depredadoras en el campo de la salud, identificando
sus características y los conocimientos adquiridos. Se
realizó una revisión de la literatura en salud indexada
en ProQuest, PubMed, Scopus, SciELO y Web of
Science a lo largo de 2020 y 2021 en marzo de 2022.
Se constató la creciente preocupación por revistas y
editoriales depredadoras en los últimos años, especialmente a partir de 2015 y confirmada a partir de 2017.
Las cifras de 2021 y primeros meses de 2022 acompañan esta escalada. Web of Science, Scopus y PubMed son las bases de datos que muestran una clara
preocupación por las ciencias de la salud. Como conclusión, la presión por publicar y la dificultad para distinguir la revista legítima de la ilegítima propician un
ambiente favorable a la proliferación de publicaciones
cuestionables. Los investigadores deben tomar una
postura exigente e informada en interés de la confiabilidad de la ciencia, desarrollando buenas prácticas de
investigación, evitando la inclusión de datos falsos,
plagiados o manipulados, que perjudiquen la calidad
de los resultados y conclusiones, influyendo negativamente en la evidencia científica, la práctica clínica y,
en última instancia, los pacientes.Abstract: The problem of predatory journals and publishers in the
health field is analyzed, identifying characteristics and
the insights acquired. A review of health literature indexed in ProQuest, PubMed, Scopus, SciELO, and
Web of Science was conducted in 2020 and 2021. The
data survey was confirmed in March 2022. The analysis allowed the characterization of the phenomenon
and verify the negative effects on the health sciences,
and therefore a set of recommendations was written for
the researchers. A growing apprehension with predatory journals and publishers was evidenced over the
past few years, especially from 2015 and confirmed
since 2017. Figures for 2021 and the first months of
2022 follow this increase. The Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed are the databases that show a notorious concern with health sciences. The pressure to
publish, and the difficulty in discerning legitimate journals from the illegitimate one foster a favorable environment for the proliferation of questionable publications. Researchers should assume good research
practices in a demanding and informed attitude on behalf of the reliability of science, by avoiding the inclusion of false, plagiarized, or manipulated data, which
damage the quality of the results and conclusions, influencing scientific evidence, clinical practice, and ultimately the patients, in a negative way.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
O desengajamento moral nas diferentes fases do ciclo de vida
Get PDFDissertação de Mestrado apresentada no ISPAInstituto
Universitário para obtenção de
grau de Mestre na Especialidade de
Psicologia ClínicaO desengajamento moral consiste na dissociação dos próprios valores morais através de
mecanismos que possibilitam o envolvimento em comportamentos que infringem as normas
impostas pela sociedade, sem que se sinta qualquer tipo de culpa. Uma vez que é um campo
pouco estudado, o presente estudo pretende: 1) Avaliar as propriedades psicométricas da Civic
Moral Disengagement Scale (CMD) numa amostra comunitária portuguesa; 2) Compreender a
evolução do desengajamento moral ao longo de diferentes faixas etárias e perceber se vai de
encontro à evolução do comportamento delinquente, já estudada. A amostra é constituída por
598 indivíduos da comunidade, com idades compreendidas entre os 18 e os 89 anos, divididos
por quatro grupos etários: fim da adolescência, início da idade adulta, meia idade e terceira
idade. Os participantes preencheram um protocolo que incluía um questionário
sociodemográfico, a Civic Moral Disengagement Scale e a Antisocial Spectrum. A validade de
construto foi testada através de uma análise fatorial confirmatória, resultando numa estrutura
unidimensional de 30 itens, revelando boas propriedades psicométricas. Os níveis de
desengajamento moral não diferiram entre todos os grupos, existindo apenas diferenças
estatisticamente significativas entre o final da adolescência e o início da idade adulta.
Contrariamente ao esperado, o desengajamento moral não diminuiu progressivamente com o
avançar da idade. Por fim, o sexo masculino apresenta níveis de desengajamento moral
superiores ao feminino, como previsto. O contributo deste estudo é particularmente importante,
uma vez que é uma temática com suporte teórico e empírico bastante limitado.Moral disengagement consists in the dissociation of one’s moral values through mechanisms
that make it possible to engage in behaviors that violate the norms imposed by society, without
feeling any type of guilt. Since it’s a field that hasn’t been too explored, the current investigation
aims to: 1) assessing the psychometrics properties of civic moral disengagement scale (CMD)
in a Portuguese community sample; 2) To understand the evolution of moral disengagement
along different age groups and to understand if it is in line with the evolution of the delinquent
behavior, already studied. The sample of the present study was formed by 598 individuals from
the community, aged between 18 and 89 years old, divided into four different age groups: late
adolescence, early adulthood, middle-aged and elderly. Participants filled a protocol that
included a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Civic Moral Disengagement scale and the
Antisocial Spectrum scale. Construct validity was tested using a confirmatory factor analysis,
resulting in a 30 item unidimensional structure, revealing good psychometric properties. The
levels of moral disengagement did not differ between all groups, with only statistically
significant differences between the late adolescence and early adulthood. Contrary to
expectations, moral disengagement did not progressively decrease with advancing age. Finally,
males show higher levels of moral disengagement than females, as expected. The contribution
of this study is particularly important, since it’s a topic with a very limited theoretical and
empirical support
Dark triad psychopathy outperforms self-control in predicting antisocial outcomes: A structural equation modeling approach
Get PDFDark Triad traits and self-control are considered viable causal precursors to antisocial and criminal outcomes in youth. The purpose of the present study is to concurrently compare how Dark Triad traits and self-control differ in terms of predicting self-reported juvenile delinquency, CD symptoms, proactive overt aggression, and crime seriousness. The sample consisted of 567 (M = 15.91 years, SD = 0.99 years, age range = 14–18 years) Southern European youth from Portugal. Structural-equation-modelling procedures revealed that the psychopathy factor of Dark Triad traits presented the strongest significant hypothetical causal associations with the antisocial/criminal outcomes, followed by self-control. Machiavellianism and narcissism presented the lowest causal associations. Our findings indicate that psychopathy, as operationalized in the Dark Triad, concurrently surpasses self-control and the remaining factors of the Dark Triad in terms of predicting antisocial/criminal outcomes in youth. This suggests that behavioral disinhibition, or a core incapacity to regulate one’s conduct, is central for understanding delinquency and externalizing psychopathology. Comparatively, the interpersonal component of dark personality features, such as Machiavellianism and narcissism, are secondary for understanding crime.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Should my username be easy to read? The influence of username fluency in online person perception
No full textDissertação de Mestrado apresentada no ISPA –
Instituto Universitário para obtenção de grau de Mestre
na especialidade de Psicologia ForenseA Suspensão Provisória do Processo, como medida não privativa de liberdade, faz parte de
um leque de alternativas às medidas privativas, com o objetivo de envolver não só o sistema
de justiça, como também o ofendido e a sociedade, na decisão. O objetivo deste estudo passa
por analisar as perceções de arguidos/as que estejam a cumprir esta medida, de maneira a
auxiliar o sistema de justiça e seus/suas intervenientes a identificar mais eficazmente os
fatores passíveis de maximizar a eficácia da reabilitação. Os resultados, de uma maneira
global, demonstram satisfação com a medida, e capacidade de cumprir as injunções e regras
de conduta, apesar de identificadas algumas falhas, nomeadamente a nível da comunicação
entre os indivíduos e o sistema de justiça.The Provisional Process Suspension, as a non-custodial measure, is part of a range of
alternatives to custodial measures, with the purpose of involving not only the justice system,
but the victim and the society, in the decision. The aim of this study is to analyse the
perceptions of defendants who are serving this sentence, in order to help the justice system
and its agents identify more effectively the factors that may help achieve optimum
rehabilitation. The results, in general, show satisfaction with the measure, and the ability to
comply with the injunctions and rules of conduct, despite the identification of some
weaknesses, particularly in terms of communication between individuals and the justice
system
Motivação para trabalhar após a idade da reforma
Get PDFDissertação de Mestrado apresentada no ISPA – Instituto Universitário para obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia Social e das Organizações.O fenómeno do envelhecimento populacional tem despertado uma série de preocupações, em relação à segurança social e ao mercado de trabalho, tornando-se cada vez mais importante para a sustentabilidade das organizações o prolongamento da vida profissional. Este estudo procurou investigar se quando os trabalhadores percecionam, na sua organização, a existência de uma atitude positiva face aos trabalhadores mais velhos possuem uma perceção mais positiva sobre seu futuro profissional e se a motivação para continuar a trabalhar após a idade para reforma depende da forma com que os trabalhadores percecionam seu futuro profissional. Dados recolhidos, através de questionário (N=267), mostram que o clima organizacional de suporte aos trabalhadores mais velhos modera a relação negativa entre a idade e perceção temporal de futuro profissional, sendo que os colaboradores em organizações com um elevado clima de suporte possuem uma visão mais positiva acerca de seu futuro profissional e, ainda, que uma perceção mais positiva acerca do futuro profissional tende a aumentar a motivação para continuar a trabalhar após a idade legal para reforma.The phenomenon of population aging has raised several concerns regarding social security and the labor market, making it increasingly important for the sustainability of organizations to prolong working life. This study aims to investigate whether when workers perceive, in their organization, the existence of a positive attitude towards older workers, they have a more positive perception about their professional future and whether the motivation to continue working after retirement age depends on the way they work. with which workers perceive their occupational future. Data collected through a questionnaire (N=267) show that the organizational climate of support for older workers moderates the negative relationship between age and temporal perception of professional future, with employees in organizations with a high support climate having a more positive view of their occupational future and. Also, a more positive perception of their professional future tends to increase the motivation to continue working after the legal retirement age
Users’ experiences with the nohow web-based toolkit with weight and activity tracking in weight loss maintenance: Long-term randomized controlled trial
Get PDFBackground:
Digital behavior change interventions (DBCIs) offer a promising channel for providing health promotion services. However, user experience largely determines whether they are used, which is a precondition for effectiveness.
Objective:
The primary aim of this study is to evaluate user experiences with the NoHoW Toolkit (TK)—a DBCI that targets weight loss maintenance—over a 12-month period by using a mixed methods approach and to identify the main strengths and weaknesses of the TK and the external factors affecting its adoption. The secondary aim is to objectively describe the measured use of the TK and its association with user experience.
Methods:
An 18-month, 2×2 factorial randomized controlled trial was conducted. The trial included 3 intervention arms receiving an 18-week active intervention and a control arm. The user experience of the TK was assessed quantitatively through electronic questionnaires after 1, 3, 6, and 12 months of use. The questionnaires also included open-ended items that were thematically analyzed. Focus group interviews were conducted after 6 months of use and thematically analyzed to gain deeper insight into the user experience. Log files of the TK were used to evaluate the number of visits to the TK, the total duration of time spent in the TK, and information on intervention completion.
Results:
The usability level of the TK was rated as satisfactory. User acceptance was rated as modest; this declined during the trial in all the arms, as did the objectively measured use of the TK. The most appreciated features were weekly emails, graphs, goal setting, and interactive exercises. The following 4 themes were identified in the qualitative data: engagement with features, decline in use, external factors affecting user experience, and suggestions for improvements.
Conclusions:
The long-term user experience of the TK highlighted the need to optimize the technical functioning, appearance, and content of the DBCI before and during the trial, similar to how a commercial app would be optimized. In a trial setting, the users should be made aware of how to use the intervention and what its requirements are, especially when there is more intensive intervention content.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Using a modified version of photovoice in a European cross‐national study on homelessness.
Get PDFThis study proposes an innovative use of a modified version of photovoice for
cross‐national qualitative research that allows participants to express their ideas,
experiences, and emotions about a topic through photographic language. We
examine factors affecting social service providers' work on people experiencing
homelessness in Europe. We highlight five advantages of using photovoice in
cross‐national research: visual language, methodological flexibility, participatory
data analysis, the bottom‐up process, and the promotion of social change.
Moreover, we identify key stages of the process: writing a detailed protocol for
the implementation and fidelity of the projects, using two levels of data analysis,
and disseminating the results. This study provides lessons learned for others who
may want to use photovoice in cross‐national research.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Ajudar é ajudar a pensar: interação em situação de tutoria na ótica do tutor
Get PDFRelatório da prática de Ensino Supervisionado apresentada no ISPA -Instituto Universitário para obtenção de grau de Mestre em Educação Pré-escolar e 1.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico, criado por Aviso n.º11548/2020 publicado no Diário da Republica, 2.ª série, n.º153, de 7 de agostoO relatório foi desenvolvido com uma turma de 1.º ano onde era aplicado o modelo pedagógico do Movimento da Escola Moderna. O tema em estudo debruça-se sobre o modo como as crianças desempenharam o seu papel enquanto tutores, assim como as suas conceções em relação às ajudas prestadas em situação de tutoria. O tema foi definido pela constatação da dificuldade que as crianças evidenciavam em prestar ajudas eficazes. Desta forma, definiram-se como objetivos: Caracterizar o modo como as crianças interagem em situação de tutoria; Compreender as conceções das crianças sobre o que é ajudar, porque é importante ajudar e como se pode ajudar; Aferir se a clarificação/discussão conjunta das conceções das ajudas em tutoria contribui para uma alteração da natureza dessas interações. Para a recolha de dados, foram selecionadas três crianças tutoras às quais foi feita uma observação do modo como interagiam em tutoria e uma entrevista com vista a compreender as suas conceções sobre as ajudas. Posteriormente, debateu-se em grande grupo as mesmas questões sobre as ajudas, contribuindo assim para uma elaboração das conclusões das crianças. Por fim, fez-se uma nova observação da interação das mesmas, no sentido de avaliar se houve alguma alteração nas interações. A partir de uma análise qualitativa das interações e conceções das crianças percebeu-se que consideram que a ajuda envolve colaboração e requer desenvolver o pensamento. Concluiu-se ainda que houve uma melhoria no modo como as crianças interagiam, mais concretamente, no modo como o tutor desempenhou o seu papel, quando comparando as interações observadas.The report was developed with a class of the 1st grade that applied the pedagogical model of Modern School Movement. The subject matter under study focuses on how these children played their role while tutors, as well as how they perceive the support provided, in a tutoring situation. The theme was defined by the observation of the difficulty that children had in providing effective support. Thus, the following objectives were defined: To characterize the way in which children interact in a tutoring situation; Understand children's concepts about the concept of help, why it is important to help and how one can help; Assess whether the clarification/joint discussion of the concept of assistance in a tutoring context, fosters a change in the nature of these interactions. For data collection, three tutoring children were selected. The way they interacted in tutoring, was observed and an interview was made to understand their conceptualization of this support. Subsequently, the same questions about support were discussed in a large group, thus contributing to the elaboration of the children's conclusions. Finally, a new observation of their interaction was made, to assess whether there was any change in the interactions. From a qualitative analysis of the children's interactions and conceptualization, it was noticed that they consider that providing support, involves collaboration and requires the development of thinking. When comparing the interactions observed, it was also noticed that there was an improvement in the way the children interacted, more specifically, in the way the tutor played his role
A transdisciplinaridade como processo de ensino-aprendizagem no 1ºCEB
No full textRelatório da Prática de Ensino Supervisionada apresentado no ISPA – Instituto Universitário para obtenção de grau de Mestre em Educação Pré-Escolar e Ensino do 1.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico, criado por Aviso n.º 11548/2020, publicado no Diário da República, 2.ª série, n.º 153, de 7 de Agosto.O presente Relatório Final da Prática de Ensino Supervisionada (RPES) surge no âmbito da conclusão do Mestrado em Educação Pré-Escolar e 1º Ciclo do Ensino Básico e teve como objetivo compreender a relevância da transdisciplinaridade como processo de ensino- aprendizagem no 1º Ciclo do Ensino Básico. A prática de estágio ocorreu numa Instituição Particular de Solidariedade Social, numa sala de 1º ano.
A problemática surgiu a partir da leitura e análise do Projeto Educativo da instituição, onde esta temática está presente. Para realizar a investigação, no meu local de estágio, utilizei uma metodologia qualitativa recorrendo a entrevistas semiestruturadas; observação participante e não participante; notas de campo e registos fotográficos, como instrumentos de investigação.
Através da mesma, procurei compreender a relevância do projeto educativo para a vivência da transdisciplinaridade na instituição; as práticas que a professora cooperante utiliza para concretizar a transdisciplinaridade com o seu grupo/turma e os benefícios da transdisciplinaridade para as crianças, nomeadamente num ano de transição entre o Jardim de Infância e do 1º ciclo, numa época pós-pandemia.
A informação recolhida permitiu-me ter um olhar mais analítico perante o percurso que efetuei ao longo do estágio e, também, adquirir as respostas que necessitava para as questões de investigação nomeadamente, ter compreendido que a coordenadora tem uma noção compreensão consolidada sobre esta temática; que a professora titular implementa com intencionalidade a transdisciplinaridade na sua sala e que esta potencia nos alunos um olhar aprofundado sobre tudo o que aprendem de forma interligada.This Final Report of Supervised Teaching Practice (RPES) comes as part of the conclusion of the Master's degree in Pre-School Education and 1st Cycle of Basic Education and aimed to understand the relevance of transdisciplinarity as a teaching-learning process in the 1st Cycle of Basic Education. The practice of internship took place in a Private Institution of Social Solidarity, in a room of 1st year.
The problematic arose from the observation and reading of the Educational Project of the institution, where this theme is present. To carry out the research, in my internship i used a qualitative methodology using semi-structured interviews; participant and non-participant observation; field notes and photographic records as research tools.
Through it, I tried to understand the relevance of the educational project for the experience of transdisciplinarity in the institution; the practices that the cooperating teacher uses to realize transdisciplinarity with her group/class and the benefits of transdisciplinarity for children, particularly in a year of transition between kindergarten and the 1st cycle, in a post-pandemic period.
The information collected allowed me to take a more analytical look at the path I took throughout the internship and also to acquire the answers I needed for research questions, namely to understand that the coordinator has a consolidated understanding notion on this topic; that the titular teacher intentionally implements transdisciplinarity in her classroom and that this gives students an in-depth look at everything they learn in an interconnected way
“This is not what God intended”: Attitudes toward adoption by same-sex couples in Ecuador
Get PDFIntroduction: In Ecuador, adoption is limited to heterosexual couples and information on attitudes toward same-sex couples who intend to become parents following this pathway is scarce. This study aimed to identify the beliefs of a sample of 319 cisgender people in Ecuador regarding the adoption of children by same-sex couples and explore the reasons why they consider it is appropriate or not for lesbian and gay (LG) couples to adopt children. Methods: Between May and October 2019, participants responded quantitative and qualitative questions after reading a vignette about a couple interested in adopting a child. Participants were randomly presented with one out of three versions of the vignette based on the couples’ sexual orientation (L,G, heterosexual). Descriptive, correlational statistics and analysis of variance were used to conduct quantitative analyses. Qualitative responses were analyzed using thematic and content analysis. Results: Results indicate favorability toward adoption by all couples in general. However, people showed the highest concerns about adoption by LG couples. Qualitative answers indicate the existence of nine types of arguments used by participants to explain their position in favor or against adoption by same-sex couples. Conclusion: Some are problematic since they are rooted in prejudiced ideas about heterosexual people’s superiority regarding their capacities to create emotionally nurturing environments. Policy Implications: Providing information regarding LG parenting might be a way of achieving legislative changes that might, in turn, promote social change by providing a legal platform for same-sex couples to achieve parenthood. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio