Instituto Universitário de Ciências Psicológicas, Sociais e da Vida
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Using a modified version of photovoice in a European cross‐national study on homelessness
Get PDFThis study proposes an innovative use of a modified version of photovoice for
cross‐national qualitative research that allows participants to express their ideas,
experiences, and emotions about a topic through photographic language. We
examine factors affecting social service providers' work on people experiencing
homelessness in Europe. We highlight five advantages of using photovoice in
cross‐national research: visual language, methodological flexibility, participatory
data analysis, the bottom‐up process, and the promotion of social change.
Moreover, we identify key stages of the process: writing a detailed protocol for
the implementation and fidelity of the projects, using two levels of data analysis,
and disseminating the results. This study provides lessons learned for others who
may want to use photovoice in cross‐national research.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
O impacto do programa para agressores de violência doméstica segundo a perspetiva dos técnicos superiores de reinserção social
No full textDissertação de Mestrado apresentada no
ISPA – Instituto Universitário para obtenção de
grau de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia
ClínicaA violência doméstica é um dos crimes com maior prevalência em queixas participadas em Portugal, sendo por isso preponderante investir na reabilitação dos ofensores de modo a prevenir e conter a reincidência criminal. O recurso a programas de intervenção para agressores cumpre este propósito, de particular interesse, no nosso país. O Programa para Agressores de Violência Doméstica (PAVD) é um dos programas que atua sobre os agressores. É escassa a informação disponível quanto à avaliação deste programa e inexistente a avaliação na perspetiva dos técnicos facilitadores do PAVD, tendo este estudo o objetivo de explorar o grau de satisfação destes face aos objetivos previstos no programa. Com recurso à abordagem qualitativa, com uma amostra de 32 Técnico Superiores de Reinserção Social (TSRS), facilitadores, que aplicaram pelo menos uma vez o PAVD. Concluiu-se que a esmagadora maioria, dos técnicos facilitadores estão satisfeitos com o PAVD, pelo seu objetivo pertinente, pela influência benéfica nos agressores e consequente efeito na contenção da reincidência. Referem que há espaço para melhorar na formação específica de quem aplica e em alguns aspetos na estrutura do programa. Este estudo fornece informação valiosa para um investimento na evolução do PAVD com melhor critério, e abre também portas para explorar a perspetiva dos técnicos facilitadores.Domestic violence is one of the most prevalent crimes in terms of reported complaints in Portugal, and therefore it is important to invest in the rehabilitation of offenders in order to prevent and contain criminal recidivism. The use of intervention programs for aggressors fulfills this purpose, which is of particular interest in our country. The Program for Domestic Violence Offenders (PAVD) is one of the programs that acts on offenders. There is little information available on the evaluation of this program, and no evaluation from the perspective of the PAVD facilitators. Using a qualitative approach, with a sample of 32 Senior Social Reintegration Technicians (SRTs), facilitators, who applied at least once the PAVD. It was concluded that the overwhelming majority of facilitators are satisfied with the PAVD, due to its pertinent objective, the beneficial influence on offenders and the consequent effect on the containment of recidivism. They mention that there is room for improvement in the specific training of those who apply it and in some aspects of the program's structure. This study provides valuable information for an investment in the evolution of the PAVD with better criteria
Effects of the ketogenic diet in the treatment of gliomas: A systematic review
Get PDF: The ketogenic diet (KD) is a restrictive therapeutic diet, distinguished by being hyperlipidic,
normoproteic, and hypoglucidic. This diet simulates biochemical changes related to fasting periods
to achieve systemic ketosis. The metabolic particularities of glioma tumors motivated the rise in
investigations and nutritional strategies, such as KD, to modulate the glycemic response as a treatment.
This systematic review followed the PRISMA recommendations and was published in PROSPERO,
with the identification CRD42021264173. The databases used were EMBASE, PubMed/Medline,
Scopus, and Web of Science, and the studies were analyzed using the web-based application Rayyan.
To analyze the risk of bias, Cochrane RevMan 5 software was used. For the analysis and treatment of
statistical data, Microsoft®Excel®was used. A total of nine original articles were included. Data on
survival, symptomology, and quality of life were collected. Mean overall survival was 15.9 months.
Constipation and fatigue were the most reported symptoms. In 44.4% of the studies, an improvement
in the quality of life was found. The KD is supported by most published studies as an effective
therapy in the treatment of malignant gliomas due to its positive effects on patient survival. It was
not possible to conclude the effectiveness of KD on quality of life.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Terapia morfoanalítica no Brasil - processo formativo e prática clínica
No full textDissertação de Mestrado apresentada no ISPA – Instituto Universitário para obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia Clínica.A Terapia Morfoanalítica (TM) é uma terapia psicocorporal analítica que possibilita a integração das experiências psicoafectivas, foi idealizada na década de 1980 pelo fisioterapeuta francês Serge Peyrot que complementou as intervenções biomecânicas com o trabalho analítico. Em todas as publicações da TM nesses anos em que a mesma vem se desenvolvendo, não encontramos estudos sobre a formação, a terapia pessoal do terapeuta e a supervisão, temas importantes na evolução e consolidação de uma teoria e sua prática. Este estudo objetiva explorar a experiência dos terapeutas morfoanalistas no processo formativo e na utilização da TM na sua prática clínica. Elaborou-se um questionário e 38 terapeutas morfoanalistas foram convidados a respondê-lo. A análise estatística descritiva foi realizada por meio do SPSS. Houve elevada adesão dos terapeutas morfoanalistas (81,57%). Os dados revelaram que estes terapeutas são muito ativos na prática clínica com a TM, realizam formação continuada em TM com elevada frequência, produzem conhecimento sobre a TM, continuam seus processos terapêuticos e supervisões em TM, reconhecem o valor da TM no processo dos pacientes e ainda estão dispostos a contribuir em mais pesquisas sobre o seu trabalho. Sendo este estudo exploratório, há muitos dados que abrem mais perguntas do que levam a conclusões de facto. Com o objetivo de aprofundar e buscar respostas a esses novos questionamentos, seria preciso continuar essa pesquisa, partindo para entrevistas com os terapeutas.Morphoanalytic Therapy (MT) is an analytical psychocorporeal therapy that enables the integration of psychoaffective experiences, it was conceived in the 1980s by the French physiotherapist Serge Peyrot, who complemented the biomechanical interventions with analytical work. In all of MT's publications in these years in which it has been developing, we did not find studies on the formative process, the therapist's personal therapy and supervision, important themes in the evolution and consolidation of a theory and its practice. This study aims to explore the experience of morphoanalyst therapists in the formative process and in the use of MT in their clinical practice. A questionnaire was elaborated and 38 morphoanalyst therapists were invited to answer it. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed using SPSS. There was a high adherence of morphoanalyst therapists (81.57%). The data revealed that these therapists are very active in clinical practice with MT, carry out ongoing training in MT with high frequency, produce knowledge about MT, continue their therapeutic processes and supervision in MT, recognize the value of MT in the process of patients and are still willing to contribute more in researchs about their work. As this study is exploratory, there is a lot of data that opens up more questions than it leads to actual conclusions. In order to deepen and seek answers to these new questions, it would be necessary to continue this research, starting with interviews with therapists
Mecanismos de dor nas espondiloartrites e sua relação com o desempenho cognitivo
No full textDissertação de Mestrado apresentada no ISPA – Instituto
Universitário para obtenção de grau de Mestre em
Neurociências na especialidade de Neurociências
Cognitivas e Comportamentais.Muitos estudos têm demonstrado que a dor e diversos aspetos do funcionamento cognitivo
partilham uma sobreposição inerente, não só porque a dor tem um componente
cognitivo-avaliativo, mas também porque a dor persistente parece estar relacionada com
modificações em redes neuronais utilizadas em processos cognitivos.
Foram recrutados 17 doentes com espondiloartrites num Serviço de Reumatologia, e
realizaram avaliação cognitiva através dos testes Stroop, Fluência Verbal, Memória de
Dígitos, a dor foi dor induzida através do Paradigma da Dor Condicionada. As características
clínicas foram avaliadas pelo BASFI (Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index),
BASDAI- (Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index), Inquérito de Saúde de
Formulário Curto SF-36, BPI- (Brief Pain Inventory), HADS (Hospital Depression and
Anxiety Scale), e PSQI (The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index-The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality
Index).
Os indivíduos com espondiloartrites apresentaram dificuldade nas vias descendentes
anti-nociceptivas na modalidade térmica é a maior percepção de dor no momento do
condicionamento se relaciona com o desempenho na tarefa de fluência verbal. Uma pontuação
mais baixa nesta tarefa cognitiva também se relacionou com uma menor percepção de estado
de saúde nas dimensões sociais e de saúde mental e no sono.
A relação entre as alterações nos mecanismos da dor decorrentes da presença de dor parece
estar relacionada com um desempenho cognitivo mais fraco. No entanto, tais relações
parecem ocorrer em modalidades sensoriais e paradigmas de avaliação de dor, e de
desempenho cognitivo específicos.Many studies have shown that pain and various aspects of cognitive functioning share an
inherent overlap, not only because pain has a cognitive-evaluative component, but also
because persistent pain seems to be related to modifications in neuronal networks used in
cognitive processes.
Seventeen patients with spondyloarthritis were recruited in a Rheumatology Service, and
they underwent cognitive assessment through the Stroop, Verbal Fluency, Digit Memory tests,
pain induced through the Conditioned Pain Paradigm. Clinical characteristics were assessed
by BASFI (Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index), BASDAI- (Bath Ankylosing
Spondylitis Disease Activity Index), SF-36 Short Form Health Survey, BPI- (Brief Pain
Inventory), HADS (Hospital Depression and Anxiety Scale), and PSQI (The Pittsburgh Sleep
Quality Index-The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index).
Individuals with spondyloarthritis showed difficulty in descending anti-nociceptive
pathways in the thermal modality is higher pain perception at the time of conditioning
correlates with performance on the verbal fluency task. A lower score on this cognitive task
also correlated with lower perceived health status in social and mental health dimensions and
sleep.
The relationship between changes in pain mechanisms due to the presence of pain seems to
be related to poorer cognitive performance. However, such relationships appear to occur in
specific sensory modalities and pain assessment paradigms, and cognitive performance
COVID-19 Pandemic in Portugal: Psychosocial and Health-Related Factors Associated with Psychological Discomfort
Get PDF: The COVID-19 pandemic is a stressful long-lasting event with an increasingly negative
impact upon individuals. This study aimed at assessing the magnitude of depression, anxiety,
and stress among adults living in Portugal during the first mandatory lockdown of 2020, and the
psychosocial and health-related factors associated with these symptoms. A sample of 484 adults
(73% women) with an average age of 40 years old (Standard Deviation, SD = 14.03) responded to an
online survey. The survey included measures of depression, anxiety, stress, social support, COVID-19
interference in daily life, attitudes towards COVID-19, and health perception. The impact of the
lockdown on psychological well-being was large, with up to 36% of the participants showing signs of
at least mild psychological discomfort (i.e., depression, anxiety, and stress). Social support, COVID-19
interference on daily life, health perception, and age, explained all the dependent variables. Education
level, income, attitudes towards COVID-19, and gender explained some of the dependent variables.
These results suggest that the COVID-19 pandemic has a serious impact on the psychological health
of Portuguese adults. The role of the procedures to control the pandemic on the mental health of
Portuguese adults should not be underestimated.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Body size, assortative mating and divorce rates in a little-known skua taxon, the Falkland Skua Stercorarius antarcticus antarcticus
Get PDFSeveral studies have attempted to identify the selective pressures leading to reversed size dimorphism (RSD), a characteristic
of skuas and of a wide range of bird species with a raptorial lifestyle. One of the prevailing hypotheses posits that females
in species of aggressive and well-armed males should select males that are smaller than themselves, to avoid injuries during
pair formation and mating. This hypothesis predicts assortative mating by size in such species, and in previous research,
this was confrmed to occur in two skua species. This study presents, for the frst time, biometric data for Falkland Skuas
Stercorarius antarcticus antarcticus based on large sample sizes. Despite the clear RSD, we found no assortative mating by
size, which could be related to the low divorce rates and few opportunities for mate selection in this population. Our results
highlight the need for further work to fnd an explanatory hypothesis for the evolution and maintenance of reversed size
dimorphism in skuas.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Complete mitochondrial genome of the branching octocoral Paramuricea grayi (Johnson, 1861), phylogenetic relationships and divergence analysis
Get PDFThe Gray’s sea fan, Paramuricea grayi (Johnson, 1861), typically inhabits deep littoral and circalittoral
habitats of the eastern temperate and tropical Atlantic Ocean. Along the Iberian Peninsula, where
P. grayi is a dominant constituent of circalittoral coral gardens, two segregating lineages (yellow and
purple morphotypes) were recently identified using single-copy nuclear orthologues. The mitochondrial
genomes of 9 P. grayi individuals covering both color morphotypes were assembled from RNA-seq
data, using samples collected at three sites in southern (Sagres and Tavira) and western (Cape
Espichel) Portugal. The complete circular mitogenome is 18,668 bp in length, has an A þ T-rich base
composition (62.5%) and contains the 17 genes typically found in Octocorallia: 14 protein-coding genes
(atp6, atp8, cob, cox1-3, mt-mutS, nad1-6, and nad4L), the small and large subunit rRNAs (rns and rnl),
and one transfer RNA (trnM). The mitogenomes were nearly identical for all specimens, though we
identified a noteworthy polymorphism (two SNPs 9 bp apart) in the mt-mutS of one purple individual
that is shared with the sister species P. clavata. The mitogenomes of the two species have a pairwise
sequence identity of 99.0%, with nad6 and mt-mutS having the highest rates of non-synonymous
substitutions.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Puppies in the problem-solving paradigm: quick males and social females
Get PDFWe report an observational, double-blind study that examined puppies’ behaviors while engaged in solving an experimental
food retrieval task (food retrieval task instrument: FRTI). The experimental setting included passive social distractors (i.e., the
dog’s owner and a stranger). The focus was on how the social and physical environment shapes puppies’ behaviors according
to sex. The dependent variables were the number of tasks solved on an apparatus (Performance Index) and the time required
to solve the frst task (Speed). Sex and Stress were set as explanatory factors, and Social Interest, FRTI interactions, other
behavior, and age as covariates. The main fndings were that male puppies solved the frst task faster than females. On the
other hand, females displayed signifcantly more social interest and did so more rapidly than males. Males showed delayed
task resolution. This study demonstrates sex diferences in a problem-solving task in dog puppies for the frst time, thus
highlighting that sexually dimorphic behavioral diferences in problem-solving strategies develop early on during ontogenesis.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Inventário de Traços Positivos : análises psicométricas de forma curta
No full textAbstract: The aim of this paper was generating a short form of the Positive Traits Inventory (PTI-5-SF)
by means of three consecutive studies, using a cross-sectional design. The first study tested the
psychometric properties of the shorter version of PTI-5. Results showed that a 25-item scale was
appropriate to capture the five positive traits of the Positive Personality Model (PPM). In the second
study, the PTI-5-SF was used to replicate the analyses of PPM traits and different job outcomes, such
as performance, satisfaction, and well-being. Here we found that the PPM traits, as measured by the
short form, increased the variance explained by the normal traits in all job outcomes. The third study
replicated the explicative model of academic achievement that included PPM traits as background
variables. Fit indexes and effects were as expected and replicated the results found with the long form.
The PTI-5-SF can be recommended as an appropriate measure of PPM traits since its psychometric
properties proved to be adequate and the results obtained with the long form were appropriately
replicated with the short form.Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi gerar uma forma abreviada do Inventário de Traços Positivos
(PTI-5-SF) por meio de três estudos consecutivos, utilizando um desenho transversal. O primeiro
estudo testou as propriedades psicométricas da versão mais curta do PTI-5. Os resultados mostraram
que uma escala de 25 itens foi adequada para capturar os cinco traços positivos do Modelo de
Personalidade Positiva (PPM). No segundo estudo, o PTI-5-SF foi usado para replicar análises de
traços de PPM e diferentes resultados de trabalho, como desempenho, satisfação e bem-estar. Aqui
descobrimos que os traços de PPM, medidos por taquigrafia, a variância explicada por traços normais
em todos os resultados do trabalho. O terceiro estudo replicou o modelo explicativo de desempenho
acadêmico que incluiu traços de PPM como variáveis de fundo. Os índices de ajuste e efeitos foram
os esperados e replicaram os resultados encontrados com a forma longa. O PTI-5-SF pode ser
recomendado como uma medida adequada de traços de PPM, pois suas propriedades psicométricas se
mostraram adequadas e os resultados com a forma longa foram adequadamente replicados com a forma
curta.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio