Instituto Universitário de Ciências Psicológicas, Sociais e da Vida
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Comparação do impacto dos fatores psicológicos na qualidade de vida de indivíduos com cancro não metastático e metastático
No full textDissertação de Mestrado apresentada no
ISPA – Instituto Universitário para obtenção de grau de
Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia da SaúdeObjetivo: O presente estudo teve como principal objetivo comparar o impacto dos
fatores psicológicos, nomeadamente, crescimento pós-traumático (CPT) e dignidade na
qualidade de vida (QdV) de doentes com cancro não-metastático e doentes com cancro
metastático.
Método: A amostra foi constituída por 431 pacientes, divididos no grupo de doentes
com cancro não-metastático (CnM; n = 210), acompanhados no Centro Hospitalar de
Setúbal e recrutados Online, e grupo de doentes com cancro metastático (CM; n = 221),
acompanhados no Hospital dos Capuchos. Para a mensuração dos construtos foram
utilizados o Inventário de Crescimento Pós-Traumático, o Inventário de Dignidade do
Paciente e o Questionário Breve de Qualidade de Vida.
Resultados: Os resultados evidenciaram que as variáveis CPT, dignidade e QdV
diferem significativamente entre os grupos, sendo que se verifica uma maior perceção
de QdV (M = 7,08; DP = 1,37) e de CPT (M = 92,65; DP = 19,69), no grupo CnM e
uma maior perceção de dignidade no grupo CM (M = 54,94; DP = 23,62).
Relativamente aos modelos explicativos da QdV, a dignidade, em particular, a Presença
de Sintomas e a Dependência são as principais variáveis preditoras em três dos cinco
domínios da QdV (i.e., Geral, Físico e Psicológico) tanto no grupo CnM, como no
grupo CM.
Conclusão: Contrariamente a investigações realizadas, o presente estudo salienta que
doentes com CnM apresentam uma menor perceção de dignidade, comparativamente
com o grupo CM. Evidencia-se, assim, a importância da preservação e melhoria do
sentimento de dignidade dos pacientes com doença não metastática e metastática.Objective: The primary goal of this study was to compare the impact of psychological
factors, specifically post-traumatic growth (PTG) and dignity, patients with nonmetastatic cancer and patients with metastatic cancer’s quality of life (QoL).
Method: The sample was composed of 431 patients, divided into the group of patients
with non-metastatic cancer (NMC; n = 210), followed-up at the Hospital Center of
Setúbal and recruited online, and the group of patients with metastatic cancer (MC; n =
221), followed-up at the Hospital dos Capuchos. The Posttraumatic Growth Inventory,
the Patient Dignity Inventory, and the Brief Quality of Life Questionnaire were used to
measure the constructs.
Results: The results show that PTG, dignity, and QoL variables differ significantly
between the groups, with a higher perception of QoL (M = 7.08; SD = 1.37) and PTG
(M = 92.65; SD = 19.69) in the NMC group and a higher perception of dignity in the
MC group (M = 54.94; SD = 23.62). With regard to the explanatory models of QoL, in
particular the Presence of Symptoms and Dependence, are the main predictor variables
in three of the five domains of QoL (General, Physical, and Psychological) both in the
MC group and in the NMC group.
Conclusion: Contrary to previous studies, the present study highlights that patients
with NMC have a lower perception of dignity, compared to the CM group. This
highlights the importance of preserving and improving the sense of dignity of patients
with non-metastatic and metastatic disease
Sensibilidade intercultural: será esta a arma secreta para a eficácia de equipas interculturais?
Get PDFDissertação de Mestrado realizada sob a orientação
do Professor Doutor Luís Andrade, apresentada no
ISPA – Instituto Universitário para obtenção do grau
de Mestre na Especialidade de Psicologia Social e das
Organizações.O presente estudo tem o intuito de perceber a importância e impacto da Sensibilidade
Intercultural (SI), variável ainda pouco estudada na população portuguesa, na Eficácia de
Equipas (EE). Ademais de se pretender perceber se a tendência para a escolher de determinado
Estilo de Gestão de Conflitos (EGC) é afetada pela SI e se, por consequência, terá impacto na
EE.
A amostra em estudo foi composta por 334 sujeitos, 186 (56%) participantes do sexo
feminino e 148 (44%) do sexo masculino, com idades compreendidas entre os 22 e 81 anos.
Para mensurar os construtos em estudo foram utilizadas a Intercultural Sensitivity
Scale (ISS) (Chen & Starosta, 2018), a Rahim Organizational Conflict Management Inventory-
II (ROCI-II) (Rahim,1983) e a Escala de Eficácia de Equipas (3Es) (Vicente, Rodrigues &
D’Oliveira, 2014).
Os resultados revelaram que indivíduos com níveis de SI mais elevados apresentam
maiores níveis de EE; indivíduos com maiores níveis de SI escolhem tendencialmente mais
“Compromisso e Integração” e “Evitação” para gerirem conflitos em contextos interculturais,
promovendo consequentemente maiores níveis de EE; a “Acomodação” promove a EE,
enquanto que a “Competição” diminui a perceção de EE.
O estudo é relevante porque a partir do mesmo, percebe-se a importância da SI para a
EE interculturais, permitindo sugerir-se o desenvolvimento de Competências para a
Interculturalidade em contextos laborais interculturais, concretamente desta capacidade afetiva
como estratégia de promoção de EE nas organizações.The aim of this study is to understand the importance and impact of Intercultural
Sensitivity (IS), a variable that is not that explored in the Portuguese population, on Team
Effectiveness (TE). In addition, is important to understand if the tendency to choose a certain
Conflict Management Style (CMS) is affected by IS and if, consequently, it will have an impact
on TE.
The study sample consisted of 334 subjects, 186 (56%) female and 148 (44%) male
participants, aged between 22 and 81 years.
To measure the constructs under study it were used the Intercultural Sensitivity Scale
(ISS) (Chen & Starosta, 2018), the Rahim Organizational Conflict Management Inventory-II
(ROCI-II) (Rahim, 1983) and the Team Effectiveness Scale (3Es) (Vicente, Rodrigues &
D'Oliveira, 2014).
The results showed that individuals with higher levels of SI have higher levels of TE;
individuals with higher levels of SI tend to choose more “Commitment and Integration” and
“Avoidance” to manage conflicts in intercultural contexts, consequently promoting higher
levels of TE; “Accommodation” also promotes higher levels of EE, while “Competition”
diminishes the perception of EE.
This study shows is relevant because we can perceive from it, the importance of IS for
intercultural TE, allowing to suggest the development of Competencies for Interculturality,
presenting specifically this affective capacity (SI) as a strategy to promote the effectiveness of
intercultural teams in organizations
Transtornos alimentares : percepção da melhora dos sintomas e ajustamento ao tratamento
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Apoios recebidos por mulheres lésbicas com câncer de mama e suas parceiras
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Imagined and extended contact experiences and adolescent bystanders' behavioral intentions in homophobic bullying episodes
Get PDFBystanders' helping interventions in bias‐based bullying are rare, although they have the
potential to intervene on behalf of the victim and quickly stop the aggression. Two studies
tested, experimentally, the impact of adolescents' imagined (Study 1, N = 113, Mage =
16.17) and extended contact experiences (Study 2, N = 174, Mage = 15.79) on assertive
bystanders' behavioral intentions in the context of homophobic bullying, an under‐
researched but highly detrimental behavior that emerges mainly during early adolescence.
Potential mediators (empathic concern, social contagion concerns, and masculinity/
femininity threat) were also examined. Results showed that female younger participants
revealed more behavioral intentions to help victims of homophobic bullying when asked
to imagine an interaction with an outgroup member (Study 1). Younger participants
revealed less masculinity/femininity threat in the positive extended contact condition, and
female participants revealed less empathic concern in the negative extended contact
condition (Study 2). Overall, these findings identify specific conditions (e.g., younger
females) where indirect contact interventions (i.e., extended and imagined) are likely to
have a stronger impact. Age and sex differences were found to illustrate how adolescents
vary in their behavioral intentions, empathic concern, and threat; and also highlight the
need to further examine age and sex differences regarding responses to homophobic
bullying episodes.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Institutional repositories and increased usability in times of a pandemic: True image of mirage?
No full textIn 2021, because of the COVID-19 pandemic and restrictions on in-person access to libraries, the number of downloads, consultations, and access to digital collections increased. The University of Lisbon was no exception to this rule. In the present work we seek to find out if, after a decrease felt in previous years, there will be a gradual trend towards growth in access to digital information. Some authors refer that a more developed digital literacy allows more critical access to information sources. Is our institutional Repository already gaining the trust of the academic community, in order to constitute itself as a fundamental resource, or is this pandemic period nothing more than a momentary opportunity that, when it ends, will not consolidate the evolution of access to digital information? What actions and strategies have libraries been developing for their dissemination? How is the importance of the Repository communicated to researchers and students? This is the context for an exploratory study that leaves the future of institutional repositories open. To this end, given the data obtained from the platform usage statistics, a questionnaire survey is carried out to those responsible for the libraries of the 18 schools that make up the University of Lisbon, with a double objective: to understand the dissemination strategies that have been used with the academic community and to evaluate its integration in the routines of study and research. Based on the results, we seek to observe what clues are left for us to improve the visibility of the institutional repository, to consolidate its use.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Is my risk lower than yours? The role of compared risk, illness perceptions, and self-efficacy as determinants of perceived risk for COVID-19
No full textRisk perception is a psychological construct influenced by the available information
about specific illnesses or conditions and several psychosocial variables. In the
context of the COVID-19 pandemic, it is important to understand people´s perceptions about the illness and their subsequent behaviour. In the present study we aimed
to assess risk and illness perceptions about COVID-19 at the beginning of the
pandemic in a community sample and to assess whether illness perception dimensions, dispositional optimism, compared risk and perceived self-efficacy are predictors of individual risk perception for COVID-19. The participants were 549
Portuguese adults not infected by COVID-19 who completed an online survey. Our
findings showed that individual and compared risk perceptions about COVID-19
were high as well as concern, negative emotional representation, and perceived
consequences. The predictive model showed that 54% of the variance of the perceived individual risk was explained by compared risk, followed by concern, emotional representation, and self-efficacy. These findings highlight the importance of
comparative risk (unrealistic comparative optimism) in the formation of individual
risk perception. Social comparison can be an important factor for risk perception and
the adoption of protective behaviours for COVID-19.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Preferência por estímulos sociais vs. não-sociais de crianças de diferentes idades e o efeito da familiaridade social
No full textDissertação de Mestrado apresentada no ISPA – Instituto Universitário para obtenção de grau de Mestre em Neurociências Cognitivas e Comportamentais na especialidade de Ramo Aplicado.A atenção social, ou preferência social, é considerada um viés de atenção evidente às informações sociais, principalmente a estímulos como pessoas e rostos.
Existem alguns estudos de preferência por estímulos sociais vs. não-sociais com crianças neurotípicas e crianças com Perturbação do Espetro do Autismo (PEA), sendo esta caracterizada por défices na comunicação e no interesse social. Na maioria destes estudos, as crianças com PEA mostram maior preferência pelos estímulos não-sociais, contundo, a preferência das crianças com desenvolvimento típico parece variar.
Em todos esses estudos, os estímulos sociais apresentados foram estímulos sociais desconhecidos para os indivíduos. Esta preferência poderá variar caso os estímulos sociais sejam familiares para a criança, como o rosto da mãe ou do pai.
Dito isto, o presente estudo baseia-se numa tarefa realizada num tablet, recorrendo a alguns estímulos visuais, sociais (familiares e desconhecidos) e não-sociais. Este tem como principal objetivo verificar se existem diferenças na preferência por estímulos sociais vs. não-sociais de crianças, de dois grupos etários, e acima de tudo perceber se a familiaridade dos estímulos sociais tem influência nessa preferência. Neste estudo participaram 8 crianças dos 4 aos 6 anos e 10 crianças entre os 10 e os 12 anos.
Verificou-se que, no geral, as crianças preferiram os estímulos não-sociais aos estímulos sociais, sendo que quando os estímulos sociais eram familiares passaram a preferir estes últimos. Em relação à idade, as crianças mais novas mostraram maior preferência pelos estímulos sociais, familiares e desconhecidos, enquanto os mais velhos preferiram os estímulos não-sociais.Social attention, or social preference, is considered an obvious attention bias to social information, especially to stimuli such as people and faces.
There are some studies of preference for social stimuli vs. non-social with neurotypical children and children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), which is characterized by deficits in communication and social interest. In most of these studies, children with ASD show a greater preference for non-social stimuli, however, the preference of typically developing children seems to vary.
In all these studies, the social stimuli presented were social stimuli unknown to the individuals. This preference may vary if the social stimuli are familiar to the child, such as the face of the mother or father.
That said, the present study is based on a task performed on a tablet, using some visual, social (familiar and unknown) and non-social stimuli. This has as main objective to verify if there are differences in the preference for social vs. non-social stimuli, of children from two age groups, and above all to see if the familiarity of social stimuli has an influence on this preference. In this study participated 8 children between 4 and 6 years old and 10 children between 10 and 12 years old.
It was found that, in general, children preferred non-social stimuli to social stimuli, and when social stimuli were familiar, they began to prefer the latter. Regarding age, younger children showed greater preference for
Rethinking Leahy’s Emotional Schema Scale (LESS): Results from the Portuguese Adaptation of the LESS
Get PDFThis study aims to contribute to the study of emotional schemas, through the adaptation of the Leahy Emotional Schema Scale (LESS) to Portuguese. The LESS is a
50 item self-report with 14 theoretical dimensions, representing concepts, evaluations, attributions of emotions, and strategies of emotion regulation (Leahy in Cognit Behav Pract 9(3):177–190, 2002. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1077-7229(02)80048-
7). Translation, back-translation and pilot assessment of LESS’s Portuguese version
were completed. Data was collected online with 396 participants. An exploratory
principal component analysis was conducted. Parallel analysis revealed a 5-component structure, which after the deletion of eight items generated a fnal solution
explaining 48% of the variance. Components internal consistency was adequate
and convergent validity supported with signifcant correlations with difculties in
emotional regulation and emotional processing, and psychopathology. It presents
dimensions that are highly relevant for assessment, case conceptualization and clinical decision making. Although this scale is related to a specifc cognitive theory,
the construct and its subscales may be useful beyond the psychotherapeutic model,
stressing the transtheoretical potential of the scale.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Ecological model explaining the psychosocial adaptation to COVID-19
Get PDF: The main objective of this study is to understand and characterize the adoption of an
ecological perspective and the physical, psychological, social, and contextual health factors that may
influence the adjustment to and mental health experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. The
study included 5479 participants, of which 3710 were female (67.7%), aged between 18 and 90 years
old, with a mean age of 48.57 years (SD = 14.29), were considered three age groups: 21.5% up to
35 years old, 61.8% between 36 and 64 years old, and 16.7% 65 years old or more. The mental health
and individual adjustment to the COVID-19 situation are explained by socio-demographic factors,
health-related factors, lifestyles, attitudes and behaviors, lockdown experience, and place of residence.
A better adaptation and mental health are observed among men, people with a higher educational
level, people with lower sadness, nervousness, and burnout, and people whose health situation
did not worsen with the pandemic. In terms of lifestyle, a better adaptation is related to a better
quality of sleep, fewer nightmares, a higher practice of physical activity, and less consumption of
processed foods and sweets. A better adaptation is also associated with lower levels of dependence
on alcohol, TV, and SN (social networks) and a more positive experience of the lockdown imposed by
the pandemic. Gender and age group differences in the described context were studied. Promoting
a better adjustment and improved mental health when dealing with the COVID-19 requires an
ecological understanding and multitarget interventions, targeting physical, mental, and social health
together with the contextual environment.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio