Instituto Universitário de Ciências Psicológicas, Sociais e da Vida
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Vinculação, regulação emocional e sintomas psicopatológicos dos cuidadores familiares no contexto de doença avançada
No full textDissertação de Mestrado apresentada no Ispa – Instituto Universitário para obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia ClínicaOs estudos existentes avaliam o papel da regulação emocional na
relação entre os estilos de vinculação e sintomatologia ansiosa e somatização, contudo, nenhum destes estudos é focado nos cuidadores familiares. Por isso, este trabalho centra-se especificamente nos cuidadores familiares adultos de pessoas com doença avançada.
Apresenta como objetivo compreender o papel da regulação emocional enquanto variável mediadora na relação entre os estilos de vinculação e os sintomas psicopatológicos (ansiedade, depressão, somatização, trauma e luto antecipatório) nos cuidadores familiares adultos de pessoas com doença avançada. Método: Os participantes são cuidadores familiares adultos de pessoas com doença avançada. Alguns cuidadores familiares foram recrutados de forma presencial, enquanto outros cuidadores familiares foram recrutados no formato online, seguindo-se o modelo de amostragem por conveniência e snow-ball. A recolha realizou-se no Hospital de Santa Maria, Clínica São
João de Ávila e no Hospital Garcia da Horta. Os estilos de vinculação foram avaliados através da Escala de Vinculação do Cuidador Familiar (EVCF), os sintomas de ansiedade e depressão foram avaliados através da Escala de Ansiedade e Depressão Hospitalar (HADS), a regulação emocional avaliada através do Questionário de Regulação Emocional (QRE), a somatização foi avaliada através do Inventário de Sintomas
Psicopatológicos (BS1-18), o trauma foi avaliado através da Escala do Impacto Revista
(IES-R 6) e, por último, o luto antecipatório foi avaliado através do PG-12. Resultados: A supressão emocional encontra-se correlacionada positivamente com toda a sintomatologia psicopatológica enquanto a reavaliação cognitiva apenas se correlaciona positivamente com a sintomatologia depressiva. Em relação aos cuidadores com um estilo
de vinculação seguro, não se confirmou que recorriam mais à reavaliação cognitiva. Já os indivíduos com um estilo de vinculação inseguro, confirmou-se que recorriam mais ao uso da supressão emocional. Relativamente ao papel mediador da regulação emocional, a supressão emocional medeia a relação entre os estilos de vinculação e a sintomatologia ansiosa e o trauma, uma vez que apenas apresentou significância estatística nestes sintomas. Na reavaliação cognitiva, não se confirmou o seu papel mediador entre os
estilos de vinculação e a sintomatologia.Objective: Existing studies assess the role of emotion regulation in the relationship between attachment styles and symptoms of anxiety, depression, trauma, anticipatory grief, and somatization. However, none of these studies focus on family caregivers.
Therefore, this study focuses specifically on adult family caregivers of individuals with advanced illness, aiming to understand the role of emotion regulation as a mediating variable in the relationship between attachment styles and psychopathological symptoms
in family caregivers of individuals with advanced illness. Method: Participants are adult family caregivers of individuals with advanced illness. Some family caregivers were recruited in person, while others were recruited online, following a convenience and snowball sampling model. Data collection was conducted at Santa Maria Hospital, São
João de Ávila Clinic, and Garcia da Horta Hospital. Attachment styles were assessed using the Family Caregiver Attachment Scale (FACS), anxiety and depression symptoms were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), emotional regulation was assessed using the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ),
somatization was assessed using the Psychopathological Symptom Inventory (BS1-18), trauma was assessed using the Revised Impact Scale (IES-R 6), and, finally, anticipatory grief was assessed using the PG-12. Results: Emotional suppression correlated positively
with all psychopathological symptoms, while cognitive reappraisal only correlated positively with depressive symptoms. Regarding caregivers with a secure attachment style, it was not confirmed that they used cognitive reappraisal more frequently.
Individuals with an insecure attachment style, however, were confirmed to use emotional suppression more frequently. Regarding the mediating role of emotional regulation, emotional suppression mediates the relationship between attachment styles and anxiety
and trauma symptoms, as it only presented statistical significance for these symptoms. In the cognitive reappraisal, its mediating role between attachment styles and symptoms was not confirmed
Vinculação, Amizade e Solidão em Adolescentes Portugueses: Perspetivas no Contexto Digital
No full textDissertação de Mestrada apresentada no Ispa - Instituto Universitário para obtenção do grau de mestre em Psicologia e Psicopatologia do Desenvolvimento.A adolescência constitui uma etapa crucial do desenvolvimento, marcada por profundas mudanças nas relações sociais que influenciam fortemente o ajustamento emocional e a formação da identidade. O presente estudo investigou as associações entre representações de vinculação, qualidade da amizade e solidão em adolescentes portugueses, considerando igualmente os comportamentos online. Participaram 72 adolescentes, com idades entre os 10 e os 15 anos que preencheram questionários de autorrelato sobre a vinculação aos pais - Security Scale Questionnaire (SSQ; Kerns et al., 2015; Fernandes et al., 2020), a qualidade da sua melhor amizade - Friendship Quality Questionnaire (FQQ; Parker & Asher, 1993; Freitas et al., 2013), a solidão percebida nos contextos familiar e dos pares - Relational Provision Loneliness Questionnaire (RPLQ; Hayden-Thomson, 1989; Ribeiro et al. 2019), e informações sobre o seu comportamento online. Os resultados indicaram que representações de vinculação seguras se associaram positivamente à qualidade da amizade e negativamente à solidão. Amizades de maior qualidade associaram-se a níveis mais baixos de solidão, tanto no contexto familiar como no dos pares. Verificou-se ainda que a frequência de conversas online com amigos se relacionou negativamente com a solidão percebida entre pares, evidenciando a relevância da comunicação digital no ajustamento social dos adolescentes. Estes resultados reforçam o papel protetor da vinculação segura e das amizades de qualidade na redução da solidão, sublinhando a importância de integrar o contexto digital na compreensão das experiências relacionais na adolescência.Adolescence is a crucial stage of development, marked by profound changes in social relationships that strongly influence emotional adjustment and identity formation. The present study examined associations between attachment representations, friendship quality, and loneliness in Portuguese adolescents, while also considering online behaviors. Participants were 72 adolescents aged 10-15 years who completed self-report questionnaires on attachment to parents - the Security Scale Questionnaire (SSQ; Kerns et al., 2015; Fernandes et al., 2020), the quality of their best friendship - the Friendship Quality Questionnaire (FQQ; Parker & Asher, 1993; Freitas et al., 2013), perceived loneliness in family and peer contexts - the Relational Provision Loneliness Questionnaire (RPLQ; Hayden-Thomson, 1989; Ribeiro et al., 2019), and information about their online behavior. Results indicated that secure attachment representations were positively associated with friendship quality and negatively associated with loneliness. Higher-quality friendships were linked to lower levels of loneliness in both family and peer contexts. The frequency of online conversations with friends was negatively related to perceived peer-related loneliness, highlighting the relevance of digital communication for adolescents' social adjustment. These findings reinforce the protective role of secure attachment and high-quality friendships in reducing loneliness and underscore the importance of integrating the digital context into the understanding of relational experiences in adolescence
Stability and changes in loneliness profiles across adolescence: The effects of intraindividual characteristics on the transitions across time
No full textAdopting a person-centered approach with longitudinal data, our study examined the stability and transitions of loneliness profiles across three consecutive years, during adolescence. We also explored the lasting effects of loneliness and the role of intraindividual characteristics—sex, self-worth, social acceptance, friendships competence, and social withdrawal—in predicting transitions between profiles. Data were collected from an initial sample of Portuguese adolescents.
Our findings also suggest lasting effects, as adolescents with a history of loneliness were more likely to report feeling lonely again later. Intraindividual characteristics also impacted on the transitions among profiles. Overall, these findings highlight the importance of recognizing loneliness as a multidimensional experience with a potentially discontinuous developmental trajectory.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FC
A qualidade de vida nos transtornos de humor: o papel da flexibilidade psicológica
No full textDissertação de Mestrado realizada
sob a orientação do Professor Doutor
Pedro Almeida, apresentada no Ispa
– Instituto Universitário para
obtenção de grau de Mestre na
especialidade de Psicologia Clínica.Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar a relação entre transtornos de humor e
qualidade de vida, focando a importância da flexibilidade psicológica nesta relação.
Especificamente, foi proposto investigar o papel moderador da flexibilidade psicológica na
relação entre a prevalência de transtornos de humor e qualidade de vida, examinando se altos
níveis de flexibilidade psicológica podem atenuar o impacto negativo dos transtornos de humor
na percepção da qualidade de vida.
A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de um questionário online aplicado a uma
amostra não clínica de 176 participantes (80.7% sexo feminino), com idade média de 36.01
anos (DP = 16.02). Os instrumentos usados incluíram o Questionário de Autoavaliação de
Hipomania (HCL-32), o Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), o Psy-Flex (medindo a
flexibilidade psicológica), e a Avaliação Abreviada da Qualidade de Vida da Organização
Mundial da Saúde (WHOQOL-BREF).
Os resultados revelaram uma associação negativa entre transtornos de humor e
qualidade de vida, especialmente qualidade de vida psicológica. Além disso, observou-se uma
associação positiva entre flexibilidade psicológica e qualidade de vida. Adicionalmente, a
flexibilidade psicológica moderou a relação entre transtornos de humor e qualidade de vida,
evidenciando que, para indivíduos com alta flexibilidade psicológica, o impacto dos transtornos
de humor na qualidade de vida foi atenuado.
Os resultados deste estudo destacam a importância da flexibilidade psicológica na
promoção da qualidade de vida e na mitigação dos efeitos negativos dos transtornos de humor.
Isso sugere que intervenções focadas no desenvolvimento da flexibilidade psicológica podem
ser relevantes na melhoria da qualidade de vida em indivíduos com transtornos de humor.ABSTRACT: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between mood disorders and quality of
life, with a focus on the importance of psychological flexibility in this connection. Specifically,
the study sought to explore the moderating role of psychological flexibility in the relationship
between the prevalence of mood disorders and quality of life, examining whether high levels
of psychological flexibility can mitigate the negative impact of mood disorders on perceived
quality of life.
Data collection was conducted through an online questionnaire administered to a non clinical sample of 176 participants (80.7% female), with an average age of 36.01 years (SD =
16.02). The instruments used included the Hypomania Checklist-32 (HCL-32), the Patient
Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Psy-Flex (measuring psychological flexibility), and the World
Health Organization's Abbreviated Quality of Life Assessment (WHOQOL-BREF).
The results revealed a negative association between mood disorders and quality of life,
especially psychological quality of life. Additionally, a positive association was observed
between psychological flexibility and quality of life. Furthermore, psychological flexibility
moderated the relationship between mood disorders and quality of life, indicating that, for
individuals with high psychological flexibility, the impact of mood disorders on quality of life
was attenuated.
The findings of this study underscore the importance of psychological flexibility in
promoting quality of life and mitigating the negative effects of mood disorders. This suggests
that interventions focused on developing psychological flexibility may be relevant in improving
the quality of life in individuals with mood disorders
Attachment, feeling, and feeding: Associations between caregivers' attachment, emotional and feeding responsiveness, and Children's food consumption
No full textA substantial body of literature links attachment to childhood obesity. However, research on the mechanisms
underlying this association is scarce. The present study aimed to test four serial indirect path models to examine
whether caregivers’ insecure attachment is related to children’s food consumption, through its influence on
emotional and feeding responsiveness. A total of 352 caregivers of preschool children reported on their
attachment orientation, emotional responses to their children’s distress, feeding practices, and their children’s
food consumption. Results showed that caregivers with higher levels of attachment avoidance and anxiety were
more likely to use unsupportive emotional responses to children’s distress, which predicted the increased use of
unresponsive feeding practices, and consequently children’s higher sugary and fatty/salty food consumption.
Higher levels of attachment avoidance were also associated with children’s lower fruit and vegetable consumption through lower use of supportive emotional responses and responsive feeding practices, while higher
levels of attachment anxiety were associated with children’s lower fruit and vegetable consumption only by
lower use of responsive feeding practices. These findings suggest that the influence of insecure attachment on
caregivers’ emotion regulation may contribute to the use of specific feeding practices that, in turn, affect children’s food intake and may have implications for obesity risk.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
From healthy play to gaming disorder: Psychological profiles from emotional regulation and motivational factors
Get PDFBackground and Aims: The widespread popularity of video games eflects their appeal to meet fundamental needs. This study aims to investigate the psychological factors of gaming use, identifying profiles ranging from healthy to gaming disorder. Methods: In this ross-sectional study, 5,222 participants were surveyed. This ternational sample included adolescents and adults (16–69 years, M 5 25.6 years, SD 5 6.44), 48.66% men (n 5 2,541; M 5 26.4, SD 5 7.03), 42.32% women (n 5 2,210; M 5 25.1, SD 5 5.78), and 9.02% non-binary individuals (n 5 471; M 5 23.3, SD 5 5.23), spanning from casual gamers to esports rofessional players. Latent Profile Analysis (LPA) was employed to dentify distinct psychological profiles. The profile indicators included emotional regulation and motivations for playing video games. The profile correlates analysed included gaming disorder symptoms, time spent gaming and sociodemographics. Results: The LPA revealed four profiles labelled as avoidant (20.16%), engaged (38.95%), relational (26.01%), and dysregulated (15.78%). Results suggested that the dysregulated profile had the most emotional regulation difficulties, a low level of general motivation, and less interest in recreational aming, presenting the highest risk for gaming disorder. Discussion and Conclusions: This study’s findings present the first profiles incompassing key detailed psychological factors affecting gamers’ behaviour across all game genres, considering three genders.
These profiles can aid researchers and clinicians in developing further research on targeted prevention and intervention programs tailored to each profile’s characteristics to promote healthy gaming habits and mitigate the risks and harm associated with gaming disorder.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio
Visita ao adiamento irracional em portugal: Estudo psicométrico de cinco escalas de procrastinação.
No full textDissertação de Mestrado apresentada no Ispa - Instituto Universitário
para obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade de
Psicologia Social e das Organizações.O presente estudo teve como objectivo traduzir e adaptar para Português Europeu cinco
escalas de procrastinação para a população portuguesa, e avaliar as suas características métricas
recorrendo a uma amostra representativa da população portuguesa, por um processo de
amostragem estratificada pelo cruzamento das variáveis Género (2), Grupo Etário (5) e Região
NUTS II (5), proporcionais à distribuição no universo (N=1.034). As escalas avaliadas nas suas
qualidades psicométricas foram a General Procrastination Scale (GPS), a Adult Inventory Procrastination
Scale (AIP), a Decisional Procrastination Scale (DPS), a Irrational Procrastination Scale (IPS) e a Pure
Procrastination Scale (PPS). Os resultados sugerem que as escalas de procrastinação estudadas são
instrumentos fiáveis e válidos para o estudo e mensuração do constructo procrastinação geral, na
população portuguesa. Os dados obtidos são paralelos aos obtidos anteriormente (Svartdal et al.,
2016; Svartdal & Steel, 2017), sugerindo que a Pure Procrastination Scale (Steel, 2010) e a Irrational
Procrastination Scale (Steel, 2010) são medidas superiores dos atributos-chave de procrastinação face
a escalas alternativas. Discutem-se os dados obtidos sugerindo que a possibilidade de fornecerem
valores normativos de procrastinação para a população portuguesa, enriquecem a investigação do
tema em PortugalABSTRACT: The present study aimed to translate and adapt into European Portuguese five
procrastination scales for the Portuguese population, and to evaluate their metric characteristics
using a representative sample of the Portuguese population, through a stratified sampling process
by crossing the variables Gender (2), Age Group (5) and NUTS II Region (5), proportional to the
distribution in the universe (N=1,034). The scales evaluated in their psychometric qualities were
General Procrastination Scale (GPS), Adult Inventory Procrastination Scale (AIP), Decisional Procrastination
Scale (DPS), Irrational Procrastination Scale (IPS) and Pure Procrastination Scale (PPS). The results suggest
that these procrastination scales are reliable and valid instruments for the study and measurement
of general procrastination construct in the Portuguese population. Results obtained parallel those
obtained previously (Svartdal et al., 2016; Svartdal & Steel, 2017), suggesting that Pure Procrastination
Scale (Steel, 2010) and Irrational Procrastination Scale (Steel, 2010) are superior measures of
procrastination core attributes in comparison to alternative scales. Data obtained is discussed,
suggesting that the possibility of providing normative values of procrastination for the Portuguese
population enriches research on this topic in Portugal
Exploring the factor structure of criminogenic cognitions in incarcerated males: Psychometric evaluation of the Criminogenic Cognitions Scale (CCS)
No full textDespite the importance of criminogenic thinking in addressing criminal behavior, validated instruments to measure these cognitions in Portuguese forensic settings are scarce. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to explore the psychometric properties of the Criminogenic Cognitions Scale (CCS) in a sample of 364 Portuguese incarcerated males (Mage = 37.88, SD = 10.88). An exploratory factor analysis was conducted, indicating a 15-item, two-factor structure (KMO = 0.82; Bartlett’s test, χ2 = 1841.2, df = 105, p < 0.001). The CCS dimensions, comprising Short-Term Orientation and Responsibility Evasion and Authority Resistance, demonstrated satisfactory psychometric properties, including convergent validity with antisocial traits, moral disengagement, and self-control dimensions, as well as internal consistency (omega coefficient = 0.60–0.77; composite reliability = 74–91; coefficient H = 89–95), and sensitivity of items. The CCS is a valuable tool within prison settings for assessing criminogenic thinking patterns, supporting risk assessment, the development of targeted rehabilitation programs, and monitoring cognitive changes over time to reduce recidivism, thereby promoting inmates’ safer reintegration into society. Overall, our findings suggest the CCS is a promising tool for assessing criminogenic cognitions in the forensic Portuguese population.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FC
Developing and evaluating a Portuguese-language meditation App for medical students: motivation, adherence, and emotional effects
No full textThe well-being of medical students is affected by high stress levels. The relevance of a mindfulness mediation app (Med@Med) specifically produced to help medical students at a Portuguese medical school cope with stress was evaluated. The app, consisting of 21 short meditations, was totally developed in Portuguese to fulfill with the needs of some of the students. The motivations to use the app, adherence to it, and its emotional benefits were evaluated. A total of 147 medical students were enrolled in the study. Students completed questionnaires related to emotional regulation (Emotion Regulation of Others and Self) and emotional thermometers before the first meditation and at the end of the project. Before and after each meditation, the students were invited to identify their basic emotion (joy, fear, disgust, anger, or sadness), no perceived emotion, or no reply. Participants received daily motivational messages (scientific or in lay language) or no message during the first 7 days of the project and the retention was registered. The main motivations to use the Med@Med app were to experience meditation (33%), decrease stress/anxiety (25%), or implement a daily meditation routine (16%). The remaining motivations of the students were sleep improvement or enhancement of academic performance. The self-motivation to use the app was high (7.3 ± 3.2 on a 1–10 scale). Participants that received daily messages in lay language, which summarized scientific findings about the benefits of meditation, were more likely to continue to use the app. The emotions changed from pre- to post-practice, with an increase in self-identification with joy and decrease of fear and sadness. An improvement in the intrinsic emotional regulation subscale (p &lt; 0.01) was detected. In comparison with age-matched students that did not use the Med@Med app, the students that used the app presented less emotional distress and anxiety as evaluated by emotional thermometers. This study shows that medical students are motivated to use a meditation app. The improvement of emotion-related parameters after the use of the Med@Med app is a promising result. The benefits of using the Med@Med meditation app prepared in Portuguese keeping in mind the needs of medical students should be evaluated in other Portuguese-speaking medical schools
Expectativa e dor: Um estudo experimental sobre a influência de instruções verbais
No full textDissertação de Mestrado apresentada no ISPA – Instituto Universitário para obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade de Neurociências Cognitivas e Comportamentais.A experiência da dor é influenciada por fatores biológicos, psicológicos, sociais e culturais, sendo que a expectativa em relação a estímulos dolorosos, também desempenha um papel fundamental na modulação da experiência da dor. Este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar a relação entre a expectativa do estímulo e a intensidade da dor, tolerância à dor e níveis de stress em adultos saudáveis, utilizando o paradigma Cold Pressor Arm Wrap (CPAW) para indução de dor aguda. A amostra foi composta por 40 jovens adultos. Os participantes foram divididos em dois grupos, recebendo instruções de conotação negativa (grupo experimental) ou neutra (grupo controlo), com o objetivo de induzir diferentes expectativas em relação ao ensaio experimental. A intensidade da dor foi avaliada através de uma escala numérica de 0 a 10, a tolerância à dor foi medida pelo tempo até o desconforto se tornar insuportável para o participante, e o stress foi monitorizado através variabilidade da frequência cardíaca (VFC) como um marcador psicofisiológico. Os resultados não confirmaram a hipótese de que as instruções influenciariam significativamente as expectativas de dor, exceto no parâmetro da tolerância à dor, sugerindo que o efeito placebo é mais relevante ao quanto um individuo consegue suportar a dor, e não à dor em si. A segunda hipótese também não foi confirmada, sendo que a expectativa não está associada à intensidade da dor, à tolerância à dor e ao stress. A análise destacou ainda a variabilidade inter-individual presente no estudo nas respostas à dor, reforçando que fatores contextuais e emocionais desempenham um papel significativo na perceção da dor. Este estudo enfatiza a necessidade de metodologias mais robustas para explorar como as expectativas moldam a experiência individual da dor, contribuindo para uma melhor compreensão dos mecanismos subjacentes à modulação da dor.The experience of pain is influenced by biological, psychological, social, and cultural factors, and the expectation of painful stimuli also plays a fundamental role in modulating the experience of pain. This study evaluated the relationship between stimulus expectation and pain intensity, pain tolerance, and stress levels in healthy adults, using the Cold Pressor Arm Wrap (CPAW) paradigm to induce acute pain. The sample consisted of 40 young adults. The participants were divided into two groups, receiving instructions with a negative connotation (experimental group) or neutral (control group), to induce different expectations concerning the experimental trial. Pain intensity was assessed using a numerical scale from 0 to 10, pain tolerance was measured by the time until the discomfort became unbearable for the participant, and stress was monitored using heart rate variability (HRV) as a psychophysiological marker. The results did not confirm the hypothesis that the instructions would significantly influence pain expectations, except for the pain tolerance parameter, suggesting that the placebo effect is more relevant to how much pain an individual can bear, and not to the pain itself. The second hypothesis was also not confirmed, as the expectation is not associated with intensity, tolerance to pain, and stress. The analysis also highlighted the inter-individual variability present in the study in responses to pain, reinforcing that contextual and emotional factors play a significant role in the perception of pain