Instituto Universitário de Ciências Psicológicas, Sociais e da Vida
Repositório do ISPANot a member yet
10030 research outputs found
Sort by
Exploring the suicidal continuum: Deliberate self-harm diversity and severity as predictors of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts
Get PDFDeliberate self-harm (DSH) in adolescence is a predictor of suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs). However, there is still a lack of research systematizing the association between DSH and STBs. Therefore, our main goal was to analyze if DSH diversity and severity predicted suicidal ideation and suicide attempts.
Our sample comprised 237 Portuguese adolescents and young adults with a history of DSH, from community (80.2%, n = 190) and clinical (19.8%, n = 47) settings, aged between 14 and 23 years (M = 17.31, SD=1.36).
Results showed that DSH diversity and severity were significant predictors of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts.
Deliberate self-harm (DSH) in adolescence is a predictor of suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs). However, there is still a lack of research systematizing the association between DSH and STBs. Therefore, our main goal was to analyze if DSH diversity and severity predicted suicidal ideation and suicide attempts.
Our sample comprised 237 Portuguese adolescents and young adults with a history of DSH, from community (80.2%, n = 190) and clinical (19.8%, n = 47) settings, aged between 14 and 23 years (M = 17.31, SD=1.36).
Results showed that DSH diversity and severity were significant predictors of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts.
Deliberate self-harm (DSH) in adolescence is a predictor of suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs). However, there is still a lack of research systematizing the association between DSH and STBs. Therefore, our main goal was to analyze if DSH diversity and severity predicted suicidal ideation and suicide attempts.
Our sample comprised 237 Portuguese adolescents and young adults with a history of DSH, from community (80.2%, n = 190) and clinical (19.8%, n = 47) settings, aged between 14 and 23 years (M = 17.31, SD=1.36).
Results showed that DSH diversity and severity were significant predictors of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts.
These results were further discussed, underlining the impact that DSH has for suicide risk and highlighting the need to address further variables to understand these suicidality trajectories.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Sex differences in aggression are paralleled by differential activation of the brain social decision-making network in Zebrafish
Get PDFAlthough aggression is more prevalent in males, females also express aggressive
behaviors and in specific ecological contexts females can be more aggressive than
males. The aim of this work is to assess sex differences in aggression and to characterize
the patterns of neuronal activation of the social-decision making network (SDMN) in
response to intra-sexual aggression in both male and female zebrafish. Adult fish were
exposed to social interaction with a same-sex opponent and all behavioral displays,
latency, and time of resolution were quantified. After conflict resolution, brains were
sampled and sex differences on functional connectivity throughout the SDMN were
assessed by immunofluorescence of the neuronal activation marker pS6. Results
suggest that both sexes share a similar level of motivation for aggression, but female
encounters show shorter conflict resolution and a preferential use of antiparallel displays
instead of overt aggression, showing a reduction of putative maladaptive effects.
Although there are no sex differences in the neuronal activation in any individual
brain area from the SDMN, agonistic interactions increased neuronal activity in most
brain areas in both sexes. Functional connectivity was assessed using bootstrapped
adjacency matrices that capture the co-activation of the SDMN nodes. Male winners
increased the overall excitation and showed no changes in inhibition across the SDMN,
whereas female winners and both male and female losers showed a decrease in both
excitation and inhibition of the SDMN in comparison to non-interacting control fish.
Moreover, network centrality analysis revealed both shared hubs, as well as sex-specific
hubs, between the sexes for each social condition in the SDMN. In summary, a distinct
neural activation pattern associated with social experience during fights was found
for each sex, suggesting a sex-specific differential activation of the social brain as a consequence of social experience. Overall, our study adds insights into sex differences
in agonistic behavior and on the neuronal architecture of intrasexual aggression in
zebrafish.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Examination of Grasmick et al.’slow Self-control Scale and of a Short Version With Cross-Gender Measurement Invariance
Get PDFGrasmick et al.’s Low Self-Control Scale (LSCS) is considered the gold-standard
of self-control measures due to the frequency of its use in criminology. The
aim of the present study is to examine the psychometric properties of the
LSCS from a more modern psychometric perspective and develop a shorter
version. Our sample consisted of young adults (N=610, M=21.33years,
SD=3.09) from Portugal. The six-factor intercorrelated model of the LSCS
showed an adequate fit, but models that would legitimate using a total score
could not be confirmed. The subscales’ intercorrelations revealed some low
non-significant correlations. The six subscales showed distinctive correlates
with other measures, with three subscales presenting some problematic
correlations. Confirmatory factor analysis was subsequently used to develop
a three-factor shorter version with strong cross-gender measurement
invariance and good reliability. Findings have implications for the validity of the
general theory of crime specifically which components of self-control have
the greatest empirical linkages to conduct problems and related deviance.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Identifying marine key biodiversity areas using tracking data
Get PDFThesis presented in fulfilment of the degree of PhD in Behavioural Biology presented at ISPA - Instituto Universitário in the year of 2022.O impacto humano no ambiente marinho é substancial e crescente, causando uma preocupação pelo futuro de várias espécies marinhas. É necessário um leque de medidas para reduzir os impactos negativos, incluindo a implementação de áreas protegidas e a regulação das actividades humanas no mar. No entanto, para que os esforços sejam eficazes, precisamos de uma melhor compreensão da ecologia da biodiversidade marinha. O seguimento com recurso a dispositivos electrónicos revolucionou o estudo do comportamento e da ecologia dos animais marinhos, melhorando a capacidade de conservar os seus habitats. O foco central desta tese é a aplicação do seguimento de animais à ecologia e à conservação marinha. Apresentamos uma revisão bibliográfica, uma ferramenta de software, e análises espaciais para ilustrar as formas como os dados de seguimento têm e podem ser utilizados em estudos de conservação de espécies marinhas.
Para demonstrar como o seguimento de animais contribuiu na progressão do conhecimento sobre o comportamento e a ecologia das espécies marinhas, apresentamos exemplos da literatura relativos a avanços na compreensão da migração, da procura de alimento e seleção de habitat, e da navegação em megafauna marinha, desde aves marinhas a cetáceos.
Desenvolvemos uma ferramenta de software acessível, "track2KBA", na linguagem de programação R, que facilita a análise de dados de seguimento para identificar locais importantes para a conservação. Ilustrámos os passos de análise do software e fornecemos exemplos de como a ferramenta pode ser útil para analisar dados de seguimento de uma grande variedade de espécies, tanto no ambiente marinho como terrestre.
Analisámos dados GPS de 23 espécies de aves marinhas para avaliar a importância do seguimento de populações ao longo dos anos com o objetivo de identificar sítios de importância para essas espécies. Descobrimos que, quando um número suficiente de indivíduos é seguido, a amostra de dados recolhidos num único ano fornece frequentemente estimativas robustas da distribuição das populações.
Ao analisar os movimentos de 40 tartarugas-verdes fêmeas (Chelonia mydas) de uma população (importante ao nível global) na Guiné-Bissau, África Ocidental, avaliámos a qualidade de uma rede regional de áreas marinhas protegidas para a conservação de tartarugas ao longo das estações,em vários países. Verificámos que as tartarugas são espacialmente bem protegidas entre eventos de desova, menos protegidas durante a migração, e que a protecção dos locais de alimentação dependia do país para onde migravam.
Analisámos dados de seguimento de 39 espécies de albatrozes e espécies semelhantes (cagarras e pardelas) para quantificar, pela primeira vez, as áreas sob diferentes jurisdições, e a ligação entre elas, de que dependem estas aves marinhas severamente ameaçadas. Verificámos que estas aves passam 39% do seu tempo em áreas do alto-mar para além de jurisdições nacionais, e que através dos seus movimentos elas unem as jurisdições de numerosos países em todo o mundo, indicando a necessidade de uma cooperação internacional para que a sua conservação seja eficaz.
As análises de dados de seguimento de espécies individuais e de grupos de espécies apresentadas nesta tese representam aplicações inovadoras à escala local, regional e global. Este trabalho contribui directamente para a identificação de locais importantes para a biodiversidade, tais como as “marine Key Biodiverisity Areas”, e para o desenvolvimento de colaborações internacionais para a conservação da biodiversidade marinha tanto em águas nacionais como em alto mar.The human footprint on the ocean environment is substantial and growing, causing widespread concern for the future of numerous marine species. Different measures are needed to reduce negative impacts, from establishing protected areas to regulating human activities at sea. For such efforts to be effective however, a sound understanding of the underlying ecology of marine biodiversity is needed. The tracking of animals using electronic devices has revolutionized our understanding of the behavior and ecology of marine animals and thereby improved our ability to effectively conserve them and their habitats. The central focus of this thesis is the application of animal tracking to marine ecology and conservation. Herein, we present a literature review, a software tool, and data analyses to illustrate ways in which tracking data have and can be used to inform the study and conservation of marine wildlife.
To demonstrate how animal tracking has helped advance our knowledge of the behavior and ecology of marine species, we present examples from the literature regarding the study of migration, foraging and habitat use, and navigation in marine megafauna, from seabirds to cetaceans.
We developed an accessible software tool, “track2KBA”, in the programming language R, which facilitates analyzing tracking data to identify important sites for conservation. We illustrate the package workflow, and provide examples of how the tool can be useful for analyzing tracking data from a wide variety of species and contexts, both in the marine and terrestrial realm.
We analyzed GPS tracking data from 23 species of seabirds to assess the relevance of tracking populations across years when identifying sites of importance. We found that, when enough individuals are tracked, tracking datasets collected in a single year often provide robust pictures of population distributions.
By analyzing the tracks of 40 female Green Turtles (Chelonia mydas) from a globally important nesting population in Guinea-Bissau, West Africa, we quantified how well a regional marine protected area network covers the turtles across seasons and countries. We found that turtles are spatially well-protected during the interesting period, less so during migration, and that protected area coverage at post-nesting foraging sites depended on the country turtles migrated to.
We analyzed tracking data from 39 species of albatrosses and large petrels to quantify, for the first time, the political areas and links between jurisdictions that these highly threatened seabirds depend on. We found that these birds spend 39% of their time in areas beyond national jurisdiction, and connect the jurisdictions of numerous countries around the world, necessitating international cooperation for their effective conservation.
The analyses of tracking data presented in this thesis represent novel applications at local, regional and global scales, concerning single species and groups of species. This work contributes directly to the identification of important sites for biodiversity, such as marine Key Biodiversity Areas, and to the development of international collaborations to conserve marine biodiversity in national waters and beyond.This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No 766417. This communication reflects only the authors' views, and the Research Executive Agency of the European Union is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information it contains
A noninvasive eDNA tool for detecting sea lamprey larvae in river sediments: Analytical validation and field testing in a low‐abundance ecosystem
Get PDFAnthropogenic activities are increasingly threatening aquatic biodiversity, especially
anadromous species. Monitoring and conservation measures are thus required to
protect, maintain and restore imperilled populations. While many species can be surveyed using traditional capture and visual census techniques, species that use riverine habitats in a less conspicuous manner, such as sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus,
can be more challenging to monitor. Sea lamprey larvae (ammocoetes) can spend several years in freshwater burrowed within soft sediments, inhibiting their detection
and assessment. Here, we present a qPCR assay based on the detection of environmental DNA (eDNA) to identify the presence of ammocoetes burrowed in the
sediment. We present an extensively validated method that ensured both speciesspecificity of the assay as well as the capacity to detect ammocoetes when abundances are low. Experiments on burrowing activity suggested that most of the DNA
released into the sediment occurs during burrowing. Overall, we demonstrate this
new molecular-based tool is an efficient and effective complement to traditional
monitoring activities targeting larval stages of sea lampreysFundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia -FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
A perspectiva do terapeuta sobre processos e mecanismos de mudança em somatic experiencing
No full textDissertação de Mestrado apresentada no ISPA - Instituto Universitário para obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia Clínica.A presente realidade e o contexto de pandemia tornam clara a importância e o papel que os psicólogos e psicoterapeutas têm e vão ter nas próximas décadas. Somatic Experiencing (SE) é uma abordagem corporal que tem gerado interesse na prática e literatura. O impacto das abordagens nos clientes é amplamente estudado, no entanto existe um espaço da literatura que carece de pesquisa: os psicólogos e psicoterapeutas. A presente dissertação tem como objectivo principal perceber melhor qual a percepção dos terapeutas do impacto de SE na sua prática. Foi aplicado um questionário a 75 terapeutas com formação em SE para avaliar o impacto da abordagem na sua pratica clínica. Os resultados permitem ganhar alguma clareza na compreensão do efeito da abordagem nos terapeutas e consequentemente nos clientes e abrem caminho para pesquisas mais aprofundadas sobre psicoterapeutas e sobre SE.The present pandemic reality and context have made painfully clear the key-role that psychologists and psychotherapists are going to have in the next decades. Somatic Experiencing (SE) is a body-oriented approach that has generated interest in research and therapeutic practice. The impact of these approaches in clients has been amply studied, yet there’s a gap in literature that needs research: the impact of approaches on psychologists and psychotherapists. The present dissertation’s main goal is to better understand what is the perception that therapists have of the impact of SE in their clinical practice. A questionnaire was given to 75 therapists with SE training to evaluate the impact of the of the approach on their practice. The results allow for a more clear view into the effect that the approach has on therapists and consequently on their
Forecasting shifts in habitat suitability across the distribution range of a temperate small pelagic fish under different scenarios of climate change
No full textClimate change often leads to shifts in the distribution of small pelagic fish, likely by changing the matchmismatch
dynamics between these sensitive species within their environmental optima. Using present-day habitat
suitability, we projected how different scenarios of climate change (IPCC Representative Concentration
Pathways 2.6, 4.5 and 8.5) may alter the large scale distribution of European sardine Sardina pilchardus (a
model species) by 2050 and 2100. We evaluated the variability of species-specific environmental optima
allowing a comparison between present-day and future scenarios. Regardless of the scenario, sea surface temperature
and salinity and the interaction between current velocity and distance to the nearest coast were the main
descriptors responsible for the main effects on sardine's distribution. Present-day and future potential “hotspots”
for sardine were neritic zones (<250 km) withwater currents <0.4ms−1, where SST was between 10 and 22 °C
and SSS>20 (PSU), on average.Most variability in projected shifts among climatic scenarioswas in habitats with
moderate to low suitability. By the end of this century, habitat suitability was projected to increase in the Canary
Islands, Iberian Peninsula, central North Sea, northern Mediterranean, and eastern Black Sea and to decrease in
the Atlantic African coast, southwest Mediterranean, English Channel, northern North Sea and Western U.K. A
gradual poleward-eastward shift in sardine distribution was also projected among scenarios. This shift was
most pronounced in 2100 under RCP 8.5. In that scenario, sardines had a 9.6% range expansion which included
waters along the entire coast of Norway up and into the White Sea. As habitat suitability is mediated by the synergic effects of climate variability and change on species fitness, it is critical to apply models with robust underlying
species-habitat data that integrate knowledge on the full range of processes shaping species productivity
and distribution.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio
Metodologia de trabalho de projeto no 1.º ciclo do ensino básico
No full textRelatório da Prática de Ensino Supervisionada apresenta no ISPA- Instituto Universitário para obtenção de grau de Mestre em Educação Pré-Escolar e Ensino do 1.ºCiclo de Ensino Básico, criado por Aviso n.º 11548/2020, publicado no Diário da República, 2.º série, n. º153, de 7 de AgostoO presente Relatório da Prática de Ensino Supervisionada (RPES), surge na sequência da realização do estágio em 1.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico (CEB), desenvolvido numa instituição pública, numa sala de 1.º ano. Este estágio englobou um período de observação e intervenção pedagógica, entre fevereiro e junho, que integrou o desenvolvimento de um estudo relacionado com a Metodologia de Trabalho de Projeto numa sala de 1.º CEB.
Apesar da sociedade do século XXI revelar grandes marcos de desenvolvimento relativamente aos últimos dois séculos (séculos XIX e XX), o paradigma da instrução, que se centra na transmissão de conteúdos, continua a prevalecer no ensino do 1.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico, em vez de existir uma exploração e construção de aprendizagens. A Metodologia de Trabalho de Projeto surge em oposição ao paradigma da instrução, valorizando o papel ativo da criança no processo de aprendizagem.
Este estudo tem, assim, dois objetivos: (1) compreender as conceções e as práticas dos professores relativamente à Metodologia de Trabalho de Projeto na instituição cooperante e (2) implementar um projeto seguindo os pressupostos da Metodologia de Trabalho de Projeto com intuito de promover aprendizagens significativas e maior autonomia das crianças.
O estudo aponta algumas conclusões como a importância da reflexão diária e constante para o desenvolvimento de boas práticas docentes e o contributo da metodologia do trabalho de projeto para fomentar a autonomia e aprendizagem significativa das crianças.The following “Report of Supervised Teaching Practice” emerged from a developed internship in a public elementary school context. The internship was carried out between February and June of 2022 and was based on both an observation method and educational intervention so it could be possible to study “Project Work Methodology”, in the classroom.
Even though there are some milestone developments in the XXI century society, the educational paradigm of content transmission over exploiting and building a different learning perspective continues to prevail in elementary schools. Project Work Methodology emerges as an opponent to this paradigm, because the child has an active role in the learning process.
Therefore, the study relies on 2 main objectives: 1) to understand the conceptions and practices of teachers in what concerns the Project Work Methodology, in the cooperating institution, and 2) to initiate a project which encourages significant learning skills and greater autonomy among the children.
The study has allowed to draw firm conclusions such as the importance of daily reflections to help developing good teaching skills and also the contribution of Project Work Methodology to encourage the autonomy and learning skills of the children
Differential effects of food restriction and warming in the two-spotted goby: Impaired reproductive performance and stressed offspring
Get PDFClimate change is a growing threat to marine organisms and ecosystems, and it is already
modifying ocean properties by, for example, increasing temperature and decreasing pH. Increasing
water temperature may also lead to an impairment of primary productivity and an overall depletion
of available zooplankton. Understanding how the crossover between warming and zooplankton
availability impacts fish populations has paramount implications for conservation and mitigation
strategies. Through a cross factorial design to test the effects of ocean temperature and food availability in a temperate marine teleost, Pomatochistus flavescens, we showed that hindered feeding impacted
sheltering and avoidance behaviour. Also, low food availability impaired fish reproduction, particularly male reproduction, as the expression of cyp11b1, a gene with a pivotal role in the synthesis of
the most important fish androgen, 11-ketotestosterone, was significantly reduced under a low food
regime. In contrast, temperature alone did not affect reproductive success, but offspring showed
increased saturated fatty acid content (embryos) and increased lipid peroxidation (larvae). Altogether,
food availability had a stronger effect on fitness, showing that coping with elevated temperatures, an
ability that may be expected in shallow-water fish, can be indirectly impacted, or even overwhelmed,
by the effects of ocean warming on primary productivity and downstream ecological processes.Direção Geral de Veterinária - DGAV; Instituto de Conservação da Natureza e das Forestas - ICNFinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Time perspective and amnestic mild cognitive impairment
Get PDFObjective. We examined time perspective in patients with amnesic mild cognitive
impairment (aMCI). Prior research has shown that aMCI is associated with difficulties in
experiencing time duration and succession. However, this line of inquiry has not been
extended to time perspective. We examined associations between aMCI and multiple
dimensions of time perspective including perceived orientations and relationships among
the past, present, and future.
Method. Thirty aMCI patients and thirty-three healthy controls participated. Measures
were the Time Orientation Scale (TOS), the Time Relation Scale (TRS), and the Zimbardo
Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI), as well as a comprehensive neuropsychological
evaluation.
Results. The TRS was associated with aMCI. Patients with aMCI were more likely to
perceive that time was unrelated than the healthy older adults. Among patients with
aMCI, an unrelated time perspective was associated with poorer performance in
executive function measures. However, aMCI was not associated with the TOS or the
ZTPI.
Conclusions. Patients with aMCI have difficulty in perceiving relationships among the
past, present, and future. This could be the consequence of deficits in executive functions.
This research suggests that patients with aMCI may have limited understanding for how
their current behaviours are related to both their past and future.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio