Instituto Universitário de Ciências Psicológicas, Sociais e da Vida
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Raise your pitch! Changes in the acoustic emissions of resident bottlenose dolphins in the proximity of vessels
No full textMaritime traffic is a major contributor of anthropogenicdisturbance for cetaceans, especially for coastal populations,such as that of resident common bottlenose dolphins(Tursiops truncatus) in the Sado estuary (Portugal). Animalshave been found to adjust their vocal behavior by changingvocal rates, or call frequency and/or duration, to overcomemasking effects of underwater noise. To evaluate the poten-tial impacts of boat traffic on the acoustic behavior of thesedolphins, emission rates and acoustic characteristics of whis-tles and burst-pulsed signals were analyzed with and withoutboats operating nearby. In this study, no significant differ-ences were found for emission rates of each type of vocalelement in the presence of vessels. However, significant dif-ferences were found in acoustic parameters, namely changesin frequency and duration, for whistles and for pulsed sounds(creaks, grunts, squeaks, and gulps). These changes, such as ashift in vocal frequencies and production of shorter signals,may represent behavioral strategies to compensate for thenoisy environment. Although resident bottlenose dolphins inthe Sado region seem to have developed some tolerance tovessel noise, continuous noise exposure and noise-inducedfrequency shifts in vocal outputs could have indirect fitnesscosts for this populationFundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Emotion regulation, resilience, and mental health: A mediation study with university students in the pandemic context
Get PDFThe COVID‐19 pandemic had a huge impact on people'slives due to the fear of getting infected and having thedisease, as well as the necessary prevention and contain-ment measures. University students were one of the mostaffected groups, as they were forced to cope withsignificant life changes. However, not all displayedsymptoms of psychological distress, which means thatinternal resources such as emotional regulation andresilience may have acted as protective variables. Thiscross‐sectional study aimed to examine the extent towhich the relationship between emotion regulation andstress, anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stressdisorder (PTSD) symptoms was mediated by resilience ina sample of university students. Results showed thatemotion regulation strategies were positively associatedwith lower mental health. Some resilience dimensionsmediated these relationships, with perception‐of‐selfmediating all associations. Planned future mediated theassociation between emotion regulation and depression,family cohesion mediated the relation between emotionregulation and stress, and social resources mediated theassociation of cognitive reappraisal with anxiety and PTSDby suppressing the direct positive relationship. ThesePsychol Schs. 2024;61:304–328.wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/pits304 | © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.This manuscript comprises original, unpublished material and is not under consideration for publication elsewhere. The primary data have not beenpublished previously nor accepted for publication. results highlight the relevance of resilience as a keyresource in coping effectively with the uncertainties, andchanges that arise during stressful periods such as apandemic.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
No evidence of inbreeding depression despite a historical severe bottleneck in the endangered Bermuda petrel (Pterodroma cahow)
No full textThe Bermuda petrel Pterodroma cahow is an island endemic seabird that belongs to the Procellariiformes, one of the most endangered orders
of birds. Historical records suggest a significant population size decline following human settlement in Bermuda, bringing the species to near
extinction. Since the 1950s, the population has been recovering aided by the implementation of an ongoing conservation plan. However, it still
faces several threats, and negative genetic effects resulting from that drastic decline are to be expected, including inbreeding and genetic drift.
We studied genetic diversity and levels of inbreeding, and their effects on individual fitness and mating choice. We also tested for a genetic signature of the recent demographic bottleneck. For this, we analyzed variation in thousands of nuclear single-nucleotide polymorphisms derived
from double digest restriction site-associated DNA sequencing and 1 mitochondrial gene (cytochrome oxidase I). The results revealed that the
Bermuda petrel suffered a recent genetic bottleneck and shows low mitochondrial diversity compared with other petrel species. Conversely,
nuclear diversity was similar to that of other endangered petrels. Inbreeding levels were not high overall, although some individuals were highly
inbred. However, we found no evidence that individual inbreeding or relatedness between mates affected hatching success, or that mate choice
is influenced by kinship in this very small population.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Literacia em saúde na prática 2022
No full textResumo: Este ebook, editado pelo Centro de Edições do ISPA, procura testemunhar a importância da prática em Literacia em Saúde (LS). É constituído por duas partes. A primeira composta por um conjunto de textos que visam apresentar as novas perspetivas da LS em contexto nacional e internacional. A segunda parte apresenta um conjunto de projetos aplicados que focam diferentes competências a desenvolver em LS na prática, nomeadamente: (a) Adquirir, desenvolver e consolidar competências nas metodologias e técnicas de avaliação em LS; (b) Implementação nas organizações de programas de LS, através de metodologias que permitam a conceção, elaboração, monitorização e avaliação de planos de ação; (c) Desenvolver técnicas de linguagem assertiva e comportamento positivo para mudar comportamentos e atitudes; (d) Potenciar o empowerment do cidadão, nomeadamente nas competências digitais e contribuir para melhorar a educação para a saúde; (e) Desenvolver estratégias de comunicação e informação em saúde para conseguir maior adesão terapêutica com doentes; (f) Desenvolver técnicas para melhorar o relacionamento entre profissionais de saúde e; (g) Desenvolver competências para tornar exequíveis as orientações do Programa Nacional de Saúde, em particular o reforço do papel do cidadão e as estratégias de ativação do cuidador informal.Abstract: This ebook, published by the ISPA Publishing Centre, thus seeks once again, to testify to the importance of health literacy (HL) practice. Organized in two parts. The first consists of a set of texts which aim to present new perspectives of HL in a national and international national and international context. The second part presents a set of applied projects which focus on different competences to develop in HL practice, namely:
(a) Acquiring, developing and consolidating skills in methodologies and assessment techniques in HL; (b) Implementation of HL programmes in organisations, through methodologies which enable the conception, development, monitoring and evaluation of action plans; (c) Developing assertive language and positive behaviour techniques to change behaviours and attitudes; (d) To boost citizen empowerment, namely in digital skills and contribute to improve health education and contribute to improve education for health; (e) To develop communication and health information strategies in order to Develop communication and health information strategies to achieve greater therapeutic adherence with patients; (f) To develop techniques to improve the relationship between health professionals and ; (g) Develop skills to make feasible the guidelines of the Portugal National Health Program, in particular the strengthening of the role of citizen and activation strategies of the informal caregiver.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
The four facets of the Psychopathy Checklist, Youth Version and recidivism: A meta-analysis
No full textThe present meta-analysis explored the predictive utility of the Psychopathy Checklist: Youth Version at the facet
level, namely the relation between the interpersonal, affective, lifestyle, and antisocial facets with violent and
general recidivism. We included data from 12 manuscripts and 16 independent samples drawn exclusively from
longitudinal study designs. Only the lifestyle and the antisocial facets were significantly related to both outcomes
(General: rw = 0.15, p = .023 and rw = 0.22, p < .001, respectively. Violent: rw = 0.17, p = .003 and rw = 0.24, p
< .001, respectively). Additional analyses from multivariate results revealed contrasting lower effect sizes (not
exceeding rw = 0.05), which suggests the shared variance between the facets is more important for predicting
recidivism than their independent effect. Finally, our moderation analyses showed that longer follow-ups
resulted in lower predictive effects among some facets, suggesting the malleability of psychopathic traits in
youth.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Leadership and turnover intentions in a public hospital: The mediating effect of organisational commitment and moderating effect by activity department
Get PDFAbstract: This research aimed to study the effect of leadership (transformational and transactional) on turnover intentions and whether this relationship is mediated by organisational commitment and moderated by the department of activity. To this end, it was hypothesized that: (1) leadership has a negative and significant association with turnover intentions; (2) leadership has a positive and significant association with affective organisational commitment; (3) organisational commitment has a negative and significant association with turnover intentions; (4) organisational commitment has a mediating effect on the relationship between leadership and turnover intentions; (5) the department to which the employee belongs has a moderating effect on the relationship between leadership and organisational turnover intentions. The sample consists of 477 participants working at the Hospital Professor Doutor Fernando Fonseca (HFF) in Portugal, performing their functions in several departments. This is a quantitative, correlational, and cross-sectional study. The results indicate that transformational leadership has a negative and significant effect on turnover intentions and a positive and significant effect on affective and normative commitment. Transactional leadership negatively and significantly affects all three components of organisational commitment. Affective and normative commitment has a negative and significant effect on turnover intentions. Calculative commitment has a positive and significant effect on turnover intentions. Affective commitment and calculative commitment have a partial mediating effect on the relationship between transformational leadership and organisational turnover intentions. The department to which the employee belongs does not have a moderating effect on the relationship between leadership and turnover intentions. It has been proven that leadership plays an extremely important role in the smooth running of this hospital unit.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
40th Anniversary of Mental Models Theory
Get PDFIn 2023, on July 21 and 22, a meeting was organised in honour of Phil Johnson-Laird, celebrating the 40th anniversary of the mental model theory, at the University College London. This book collects the testimonies of many fellow colleagues who wanted to celebrate these dates, and it shows that Phil Johnson-Laird is a unique personality.N/
The real relationship: The Portuguese version of the Real Relationship Inventory-Client
No full textThe Real Relationship is a relational construct that has influenced other constructs, like the working alliance, although empirically neglected. The development of the Real Relationship Inventory provides a reliable and valid way of measuring the Real Relationship in research and clinical applications. This study aimed to validate and explore the psychometric properties of the Real Relationship Inventory Client Form with a Portuguese adult sample in the context of psychotherapy. The sample includes 373 clients currently in psychotherapy or concluded recently. All clients completed the Real Relationship Inventory (RRI-C) and the Working Alliance Inventory. The confirmatory analysis revealed the same two factors in the RRI-C for the Portuguese adult population, Genuineness and Realism. The observation of the same factor structure suggests the cross-cultural value of the Real Relationship. The measure demonstrated good internal consistency and acceptable adjustment. A significant correlation was found between the RRI-C and the Working Alliance Inventory and significant correlations between the Bond and Genuineness and Realism subscales. The present study reflects on the RRI-C while also contributing to the importance of the Real Relationship in different cultures and clinical contexts.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Social zebrafish: Danio rerio as an emerging model in social neuroendocrinology
Get PDFThe fitness benefits of social life depend on the ability of animals to affiliate with
others and form groups, on dominance hierarchies within groups that determine
resource distribution, and on cognitive capacities for recognition, learning and information transfer. The evolution of these phenotypes is coupled with that of neuroendocrine mechanisms, but the causal link between the two remains underexplored.
Growing evidence from our research group and others demonstrates that the tools
available in zebrafish, Danio rerio, can markedly facilitate progress in this field. Here,
we review this evidence and provide a synthesis of the state-of-the-art in this model
system. We discuss the involvement of generalized motivation and cognitive components, neuroplasticity and functional connectivity across social decision-making brain
areas, and how these are modulated chiefly by the oxytocin-vasopressin neuroendocrine system, but also by reward-pathway monoamine signaling and the effects of
sex-hormones and stress physiology.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
A importância do ajustamento da pessoa à organização e às funções na fidelização dos colaboradores: O efeito moderador da cultura organizacional
Get PDFDissertação de Mestrado
apresentada no Ispa – Instituto
Universitário para obtenção de grau
de Mestre na especialidade de
Psicologia Social e das OrganizaçõesA presente investigação tem como objetivo compreender a influência da Cultura
Organizacional na relação entre o Ajustamento Pessoa-Função (Person-Job Fit) e o Ajustamento
Pessoa-Organização (Person-Organization Fit) com a Intenção de Saída.
Este estudo contou com a participação de 210 indivíduos, dos quais 84 são do sexo
masculino, 123 do sexo feminino e 2 de outro género. As idades dos participantes estão
compreendidas entre os 19 e os 63 anos.
Para testar estas variáveis foram utilizadas a escala Ajustamento Pessoa-Função e a escala
Ajustamento Pessoa-Organização ambas desenvolvidas por Lauver e Kristof-Brown (2001), a
escala Turnover Cognition de Bozeman e Perrewé (2001) e, por último, a escala Organizational Culture
Assessment Instrument (OCAI) de Cameron e Quinn (2006).
Os resultados demonstram que um alto ajustamento quer à função quer à organização
contribui para a redução da intenção de a abandonar voluntariamente. Para além disso, verificouse que a Cultura de Inovação modera a relação entre o Ajustamento Pessoa-Função e a Intenção
de Saída e que a Cultura de Objetivos modera a relação entre o Ajustamento Pessoa-Organização
e a Intenção de Saída.
Com este estudo, destaca-se a importância da Cultura e como esta deve assumir um papel
importante no processo de gestão organizacional, ainda mais numa altura onde progressivamente
as organizações enfrentam dificuldades em reter e atrair colaboradoresABSTRACT: The present research aims to understand the influence of the Organizational Culture on
the relationship between Person-Job Fit and Person-Organization Fit with Turnover Intention.
This study had a total of 210 participants, of which 84 are male, 123 are female, and 2 are
of another gender. The ages of the participants ranged from 19 to 63 years old.
To test these variables the Person-Function Adjustment scale and the Person-Organization
Adjustment scale both developed by Lauver and Kristof-Brown (2001), the Turnover Cognition
scale by Bozeman and Perrewé (2001) and finally the Organizational Culture Assessment
Instrument (OCAI) scale by Cameron and Quinn (2006) were used.
Either being to the organization or the function the results display that a higher adjustment
contributes for a reduction in the voluntary intentions to leave. Innovation Culture moderated the
relationship between Person-Function Adjustment and Turnover Intention, and Goals Culture
moderated the relationship between Person-Organization Adjustment and Turnover Intention.
This study highlights the importance of Culture and how it should play an important role
in the organizational management process, even more so at a time when organizations are
progressively facing difficulties in retaining and attracting employees