Instituto Universitário de Ciências Psicológicas, Sociais e da Vida
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Recycling behaviours among higher education students in portugal: insights from a cross-sectional quantitative analysis of behavioural determinants
Get PDFDissertação de Mestrado apresentada
no Ispa – Instituto Universitário para
obtenção de grau de Mestre na
especialidade de Psicologia da Saúde.Recycling plays a crucial role in addressing the consequences of global warming and the
ongoing climate crisis. However, research on the determinants of recycling behaviours in
Portugal is limited. This cross-sectional study focused on recycling behaviours among
university students in Portugal, employing an online self-report questionnaire with a sample
size of N=195 participants, ranging in age from 17 to 70. The majority of participants (69.7%)
were female, and there was a notable concentration in the Lisbon region. Our investigation
aimed to comprehensively explore recycling behaviours, specifically examining the frequency
of separation and disposal behaviours and their determinants based on the Capability,
Opportunity, Motivation – Behaviour (COM-B) model. Assessment of separation and disposal
behaviours across various recyclable waste categories revealed that glass, paper, and plastic
were the most frequently recycled items, with moderate overall engagement, highlighting the
need for targeted policy interventions. The study explored associations between separation and
disposal behaviour frequencies and their respective COM-B determinants. For separation, the
behavioural determinants most strongly associated with the frequency of recycling behaviours
were physical opportunity, social opportunity, and automatic motivation. As for disposal the
determinants most strongly associated with the frequency of disposal behaviours were
psychological capability, physical opportunity, social opportunity, and automatic motivation.
Additionally, the study aimed to identify key predictors from the COM-B model for both
separation and disposal behaviours. The main findings are that automatic motivation was
strongly associated and significantly predicted both separation and disposal behaviours.
Results suggests that interventions targeting automatic motivation for both separation and
disposal behaviours, hold promise. The study provides valuable insights for future research and
intervention design.A reciclagem desempenha um papel crucial na resposta às consequências do aquecimento
global e da decorrente crise climática. No entanto, a investigação sobre determinantes
comportamentais de reciclagem em Portugal é limitada. Este estudo transversal centrou-se nos
comportamentos de reciclagem de estudantes universitários em Portugal, utilizando um
questionário de autorrelato online com uma amostra de N=195 participantes, com idades
compreendidas entre os 17 e os 70 anos. A maioria dos participantes (69,7%) identificou-se
com o género feminino, verificando-se uma notável concentração na região de Lisboa. A presente investigação teve como objetivo explorar os comportamentos de reciclagem,
examinando a frequência dos comportamentos de separação e descarte e seus determinantes
com base no modelo Capability, Opportunity, Motivation – Behaviour (COM-B). A avaliação
dos comportamentos de separação e descarte de várias categorias de resíduos recicláveis
revelou que o vidro, o papel e o plástico foram os artigos reciclados com mais frequência. O
nível de participação geral na reciclagem revelou-se moderado, destacando a necessidade de
intervenções políticas específicas. O estudo explorou associações entre frequências de
comportamento de separação e descarte e seus respetivos determinantes COM-B. Para a
separação, os determinantes comportamentais mais fortemente associados à frequência de
comportamentos de reciclagem foram oportunidade física, oportunidade social e motivação
automática. Quanto ao descarte, os determinantes mais fortemente associados à frequência de
comportamentos de descarte foram capacidade psicológica, oportunidade física, oportunidade
social e motivação automática. Além disso, o estudo teve como objetivo identificar os
principais preditores do modelo COM-B para comportamentos de separação e descarte. A
conclusão central é que a motivação automática mostrou uma forte associação demonstrou ser
um preditor significativo de ambos os comportamentos de separação e descarte. Os resultados
sugerem que as intervenções que visam a motivação automática tanto para os comportamentos
de separação como de eliminação são promissoras. O estudo fornece informações valiosas para
futuras pesquisas e projetos de intervenção
A consciência do fim: Um estudo qualitativo da visão dos psicoterapeutas sobre a presença da morte em psicoterapia
Get PDFDissertação de Mestrado apresentada no Ispa –
Instituto Universitário para
obtenção de grau de Mestre na
especialidade de Psicologia
ClínicaProblema: A morte está sempre presente na vida e, consequentemente, na psicoterapia.
A literatura tende a associar o estudo da morte aos clientes, porém, é fundamental compreender
o ponto de vista dos psicoterapeutas, uma vez que é um tema que suscita dificuldades de abordar
em psicoterapia, devido a potenciais barreiras. Objetivo: O presente estudo pretende
compreender a visão dos psicoterapeutas sobre a presença da morte em psicoterapia, bem como
a relação entre a perspetiva dos psicoterapeutas sobre a morte e a intervenção dos
psicoterapeutas face à morte. Método: Realizaram-se seis entrevistas semiestruturadas a três
psicoterapeutas cognitivo-comportamentais e a três psicoterapeutas fenomenológicoexistenciais. As entrevistas foram analisadas de acordo com o método da Análise Temática.
Para efeitos de triangulação de dados, aplicou-se a Escala de Avaliação do Perfil de Atitudes
acerca da Morte. Resultados: Foi possível identificar três temas e sete subtemas relativos à
presença da morte em psicoterapia. Foram criados oitos temas e 25 subtemas relativos à relação
entre a perspetiva dos psicoterapeutas sobre a morte e a intervenção na morte. Discussão: Os
psicoterapeutas percecionam a morte como presente em psicoterapia associada ao cliente, não
referindo formas de estar presente através dos próprios. Mesmo para os psicoterapeutas que
nunca haviam refletido sobre se existe relação entre a perspetiva da morte e a intervenção na
morte, esta é percecionada como positiva. Foi discutida a capacidade de autorreflexão dos
psicoterapeutas, bem como a sua relação com a morte. Identificou-se dificuldades em abordar
a dimensão pessoal.ABSTRACT: Problem: Death is always present in life and, consequently, in psychotherapy. Research
tends to associate the study of death with clients, but it is essential to understand the perspective
of psychotherapists, as it is a topic that poses challenges in psychotherapy due to potential
barriers. Objective: The present study aims to understand the psychotherapists’ perspectives
on the presence of death in psychotherapy, as well as the relationship between psychotherapists'
perspectives on death and their interventions regarding death. Method: Six semi-structured
interviews were conducted with three cognitive-behavioral psychotherapists and three
phenomenological-existential psychotherapists. The interviews were analyzed using the
Thematic Analysis method. For the purpose of data triangulation, the Death Attitude Profile
Revised was applied. Results: Three themes and seven subthemes related to the presence of
death in psychotherapy were identified. Eight themes and 25 subthemes related to the
relationship between psychotherapists' perspectives on death and intervention on death were
created. Discussion: Psychotherapists perceive death as present in psychotherapy mainly in
relation to the client, without mentioning ways to be present through themselves. Even for
psychotherapists who had never reflected on whether there is a relationship between their
perspective on death and their intervention on death, this relationship is perceived as positive.
The psychotherapists' capacity for self-reflection, as well as its relationship with death, was
discussed. Difficulties in addressing the personal dimension were discovered
Occupational stress and sleep among teachers: What is the effective-ness of a programme to reduce occupational stress using mindfulness?
Get PDFScholarly Journal of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences (SJPBS) is an open access journal emphasizes the publication of novel investigations that contribute innovative knowledge and understanding to fields of Behavioral sciences and psychology. The journal mainly considers high quality research focusing on applied and theoretical researches that boost understanding of cognitive, motivational, affective, and behavioral psychological phenomena. Those psychological phenomena can be in individual, group, work, private and public sectors. The journal publishes several types of articles such as unique investigations or meta-analyses, Theory development articles, Theory determined empirical investigations, Qualitative research on Phenomenon etc. Our key motive is to welcome submissions that discover the Psychological facts of human behavior and we also encourages studies of human behavior in original situation and combination of basic psychological principles and theories with applied work and organizational phenomena.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Quem sou eu? Sentimento de pertença e genealogia em adultos
Get PDFDissertação de Mestrado
apresentada no Ispa – Instituto
Universitário para obtenção de grau
de Mestre na especialidade de
Psicologia ClínicaA pertença é uma necessidade básica do ser humano. Ao longo da idade adulta, esta pode
variar com base nos contextos e vivências do sujeito. A atividade de realização de
genealogia tem vindo a ser um passatempo cada vez mais comum em todo o mundo
levando milhões de pessoas a interessarem-se por conhecerem os seus antepassados e
coletarem as suas histórias. O presente estudo tem como objetivo observar a ligação entre
estas duas variáveis: o sentimento de pertença e a realização de genealogia em adultos
como também observar a sua ligação com a saúde mental. Para tal, foram utilizados como
instrumentos de avaliação, o Instrumento de Avaliação do Sentimento de Pertença (IASP),
o instrumento Mental Health Inventory (MHI-5), e um questionário sociodemográfico que
compreende perguntas específicas relacionadas com a realização de busca genealógica. A
amostra foi constituída por 494 adultos. Foram encontradas correlações positivas entre o
sentimento de pertença e a frequência da realização de genealogia e a idade, como também
uma correlação negativa entre sentimento de pertença e saúde mental. É sugerida a
utilização de variáveis mediadoras entre sentimento de pertença e genealogia de forma a
melhor compreender esta relação. O estudo demonstra importância para a Psicologia
clínica revelando como a realização de genealogia poderá ser um fator associado a níveis
de sentimento de pertença mais elevados em adultos. O estudo apresenta implicações
teóricas importantes visto abordar fatores pouco conhecidos em Portugal tais como a
genealogia e o sentimento de pertença em adultos.ABSTRACT: Belonging is a basic human need. Throughout adulthood, this can vary based on the
contexts and experiences of the subject. Genealogy has become an increasingly common
pastime around the world, leading millions of people to take an interest in getting to know
their ancestors and collecting their stories. The aim of this study was to analyze the link
between these two variables: sense of belonging and genealogy in adults, as well as their
connection with mental health. To this end, it was used the Instrument for the Assessment
of the Sense of Belonging (IASP), the Mental Health Inventory (MHI-5) and a
sociodemographic questionnaire with specific questions related to genealogical research.
The sample consisted of 494 adults. Positive correlations were found between sense of
belonging and the frequency of genealogy and age, as well as a negative correlation
between sense of belonging and mental health. It is suggested that introducing certain
mediating variables could help to better understand the relationship between sense of
belonging and genealogy. The study demonstrates importance for clinical psychology by
revealing how conducting genealogy can be a factor associated with higher levels of sense
of belonging in adults. The study has important theoretical implications as it addresses
factors that are little known in Portugal, such as genealogy and the sense of belonging in
adults
Effects of gear modifications in a North Atlantic pelagic longline fishery: A multiyear study
Get PDFThe threat of population declines caused by pelagic longline fisheries in the Atlantic has
increased the concern to find strategies that minimize the bycatch and mortality of non-target
marine animals. Gear modification, such as the use of circle hooks instead of conventional
J-hooks, has been identified as an effective bycatch reduction strategy in different
pelagic longline fisheries around the world. This study aimed to verify the effectiveness of
the use of circle hooks by quantifying catch rates, relative size selectivity, and anatomical
hooking position for the most common target species (swordfish, Xiphias gladius, and blue
shark, Prionace glauca), and some bycatch species (loggerhead sea turtles, Caretta caretta,
and shortfin mako, Isurus oxyrinchus) caught by the Azorean longline fishing fleet. The
trial was conducted for five consecutive years (2000–2004) using eight different types of
hooks. In general, the blue shark catches using circle hooks were significantly higher compared
to J (Mustad 9/0). The circle hooks also showed high probabilities of catching juvenile
blue sharks. Conversely, the circle hooks were efficient in reducing the loggerhead sea turtle
bycatch and were related to fewer catches of small sea turtle individuals. The use of circle
hooks was also associated with reduced swordfish catches compared to J (Mustad 9/0),
and the effect of hook types on length at capture was only significant for Circle (L. & P. 18/0
—CLP18) and Ringed Tuna (RT). No significant differences were observed comparing hook
type to either catch rates or size selectivity for shortfin mako. Additionally, circle hooks were
more likely to lodge in the mouth than in deeper anatomical positions, when compared to J
(Mustad 9/0), for the four species analysed. The present study demonstrated that the use of
circle hooks could mitigate the impact of the pelagic longline fisheries in the Azores by
decreasing the bycatch of sea turtles and reducing animal injuries caused by deep hooking.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Patients with AUD exhibit dampened heart rate variability during sleep as compared to social drinkers
No full textChronic heavy alcohol use profoundly affects the cardiovascular system, contributing to several life-threatening cardiovascular diseases. Heart rate variability (HRV), or the fluctuations in heart rate, reflects dynamic autonomic nervous system processes that change to meet biological demands and environmental challenges. In the current study, we examined whether HRV metrics are altered in alcohol use disorder (AUD) during waking and sleeping with passive biomonitoring as participants went about their daily lives. Social drinkers (standard deviation: n = 10, 5 female) and treatment-seeking individuals with moderate to severe AUD (n = 16, 7 female) provided continuous, real-world heart rate monitoring for 5 days of monitoring on average (M = 5.27 ± 2.22). Five indices of respiration and HRV—respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) amplitude, high frequency (HF), low frequency (LF), HF/LF ratio, root-mean-square standard deviation (RMSSD), and standard deviation of the N–N intervals (SDNN)—were analyzed separately for waking and sleeping hours. Both RMSSD and SDNN decreased the longer the participants were awake (Ps < .013). During sleeping hours, HF, RSA amplitude, RMSSD, and SDNN were significantly higher in light social drinkers as compared to patients with AUD (all Ps < .009), indicating higher parasympathetic activation during sleep in the SD versus AUD group. Sleep and waking HRV measures were significantly correlated with patient-reported symptoms of depression and sleep difficulties in the AUD group (Ps < .05). This natural observational study utilizing continuous autonomic biomonitoring in the real world indicates parasympathetic dysfunction that is clearly detectable during sleep in AUD and HRV measures, which are also related to clinical, patient-related symptoms of AUD.National Institutes of
Health (NIH)info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Back to basics: Human rights violations and dehumanization
No full textThis article positions dehumanization within a broader
framework of social inequality and specifically of human rights
(HR) violations. We first introduce the link between the denial of
HR and dehumanization. We then focus on the bidirectionality
between HR violation and dehumanization considering
dehumanization both as an antecedent and a consequence of
the HR violation. We conclude with possible strategies aiming
at social change based on group intentions to claim their HR.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Size-assortative mating in a long-lived monogamous seabird
No full textMate choice is a key process in animals to optimize the ftness benefts of reproduction, and it is generally guided by phenotypic features of potential partners that mirror reproductive abilities. Assortative mating occurs when there is within-pair
selection for specifc functional traits that can confer ftness benefts. Assortative mating can be positive if mates are more
similar, and negative if they are more dissimilar than expected by chance. Mate choice is particularly important in long-lived
species with biparental care, such as procellariforms that form long term monogamous bonds. We assessed the mating strategy of a sexually dimorphic Mediterranean procellariform, the Scopoli’s Shearwater (Calonectris diomedea), by testing for
assortative mating according to bill (in accordance with previous studies on a sister species) and tarsus size (proxy of body
size). We found that shearwaters adopted a positive size-assortative mating by tarsus length, while mating for bill size was
random. Moreover, tarsus length was positively correlated with the duration of incubation shifts, when individuals are fasting
on eggs. The observed assortative mating could be the results of choice by similarity between individuals, likely because
partners with similar relative size have similar tolerance to fasting. Alternatively, the observed pattern could be the product
of mutual mate choice, with a selection for large size that could confer competitive abilities in nest selection, defense, foraging aggregations and fasting ability. While our data suggest strong assortative mating in the Scopoli’s Shearwater (R=0.4),
we cannot fully disentangle the multiple processes at play acting on mate choice.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Evolutionarily conserved role of oxytocin in social fear contagion in zebrafish
No full textEmotional contagion is the most ancestral form of empathy. We tested to what extent the proximate mechanisms of emotional contagion are evolutionarily conserved by assessing the role of oxytocin, known to regulate empathic behaviors in mammals, in social fear contagion in zebrafish. Using oxytocin and oxytocin receptor mutants, we show that oxytocin is both necessary and sufficient for observer zebrafish to imitate the distressed behavior of conspecific demonstrators. The brain regions associated with emotional contagion in zebrafish are homologous to those involved in the same process in rodents (e.g., striatum, lateral septum), receiving direct projections from oxytocinergic neurons located in the pre-optic area. Together, our results support an evolutionary conserved role for oxytocin as a key regulator of basic empathic behaviors across vertebrates. Copyright © 2023 The Authors, some rights reserved.FEDER; Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Comparing fear and anxiety chemosignals: Do they modulate facial muscle activity and facilitate identifying facial expressions?
Get PDFFear and anxiety are the most frequently studied emotional states in chemosignal research. Despite differences between these two emotional
states, findings from research using fear and anxiety body odors (BOs) are often treated as part of a similar phenomenon. In this article, we
examine possible similarities and differences between participants exposed to fear and anxiety BOs on 2 dependent variables commonly used in
chemosignals’ research: (1) the activation of facial muscles in displays of fear expressions (i.e. the medial frontalis and the corrugator supercilii);
and (2) the time required to discriminate between negative emotional expressions (fear, anger, and disgust) and neutral ones. Our results show
that fear (vs. rest) and anxiety (vs. exercise) BOs activate the medial frontalis, suggesting that both have a similar impact on receivers’ facial
muscles. However, we could not replicate previous findings regarding the influence of fear BOs in discriminating negative emotional faces from
neutral ones. Two additional replication attempts failed to replicate the earlier results, indicating that the results reported in the literature with
this specific paradigm should be interpreted cautiously. Suggestions for future research examining possible differences between fear and anxiety
BOs are advanced.Fundação Para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio