Instituto Universitário de Ciências Psicológicas, Sociais e da Vida
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Perceção de insegurança no trabalho e presença ao trabalho na condição de doença em funcionários públicos : modelo de mediação moderada através da cultura organizacional e do género
No full textAbstract: Previous research efforts have concentrated on the link between personal factors and sickness
presenteeism, with few attempts to research the roles of contextual factors such as organisational culture
and perceived job insecurity. Also, the mechanism through which the link exists has not been examined
across the gender divide. Therefore, this paper examined the moderated mediation effects of gender on
the relationship between perceived job insecurity and sickness presenteeism through organisational
culture. A total of 244 (F=140; M=104) respondents participated in the study. The Stanford Presenteeism
Scale and Job Insecurity and Organisational Culture scales were used for data collection. Results of the
correlation analysis revealed that perceived job insecurity is negatively associated with organisational
culture and sickness presenteeism. It also revealed that organisational culture is positively related to
sickness presenteeism. The Hayes PROCESS macro analysis showed that organisational culture mediated
the relationship between perceived job insecurity and sickness presenteeism. Furthermore, the results of
the moderated mediation analysis showed that gender moderated the mediating role of organisational
culture in the relationship between perceived job insecurity and sickness presenteeism. The study
concluded that the indirect effect of perceived job insecurity on sickness presenteeism through
organisational culture was higher among female respondents than their male counterparts.Resumo: Estudos anteriores têm-se centrado na análise da associação entre fatores pessoais e a
presença ao trabalho na condição de doença, sendo escassos os estudos que têm considerado o efeito
de fatores contextuais, como sejam a cultura organizacional e a perceção de insegurança no trabalho.
Para além disto, o mecanismo através do qual se têm estabelecido as associações não tem sido
examinado em função do género dos participantes. Assim, este estudo pretendeu examinar os efeitos
da mediação moderada do género na associação entre a perceção da insegurança no trabalho e a
presença ao trabalho em condição de doença através da cultura organizacional. Um total de 244
participantes (Masculinos=104) preencheram a SPS (Stanford Presenteeism Scale) e a JOC (Job
Insecurity and Organizational Culture), que foram as escalas utilizadas para coleta de dados. Os
resultados preliminares da análise correlacional revelaram que a perceção da insegurança no trabalho
está negativamente associada à cultura organizacional e à presença ao trabalho com doença. Estes
resultados também revelaram que a cultura organizacional está positivamente relacionada com a
presença ao trabalho com doença. A análise seguinte, com recurso à macro PROCESS do Hayes,
mostrou que a cultura organizacional mediou a relação entre perceção de insegurança no trabalho e a
presença ao trabalho em condição de doença. Além disso, os resultados da análise de mediação
moderada mostraram que o género moderou o papel mediador da cultura organizacional na relação
entre perceção de insegurança no trabalho e a presença ao trabalho em condição de doença. No presente
estudo pode ainda concluir-se que o efeito indireto da perceção de insegurança no trabalho sobre a
presença ao trabalho em condição de doença através da cultura organizacional foi maior entre as
mulheres entrevistadas, quando comparadas com os homens da nossa amostra.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Temperamentos afetivos dominantes e a sua variância em pessoas com depressão, perturbação bipolar e numa amostra não-clínica : validação do Questionário de Temperamento Afectivo (ATQ)
No full textAbstract: Affective temperaments are frequently described as a biologically determined early
emerging variation in emotional reactivity, with solid temporal stability. We aimed to analyse affective
temperament variation and dominance while adapting and translating the Affective Temperament
Questionnaire (ATQ) to European Portuguese in both clinical (Major Depressive Disorder – MDD and
Bipolar Disorder – BD) and non-clinical samples. ATQ was administered to 42 subjects with MDD,
64 with BD and 411 non-clinical. A 3-factor model CFA was performed (comprising hyperthymic,
cyclothymic and dysthymic temperaments), revealing good adjustment and acceptable internal
consistency levels. ATQ subscales showed a general higher internal consistency in people with mood
disorders. Support for convergent validity was found. BD and MDD presented higher prevalence in
Cyclothymic and Dysthymic temperaments than non-clinical, although they did not differ significantly
between them regarding the last one. Findings suggest ATQ is a valid and reliable self-report measure
to assess affective temperaments in the Portuguese population and proved to be acceptable for either
clinical or non-clinical samples. This measure can be applied to detect early vulnerability to affective
disorders, which can be very helpful in clinical settings and primary care.Resumo: Os temperamentos afetivos são frequentemente descritos como variações precoces na
reatividade emocional, biologicamente determinadas e com uma estabilidade temporal sólida. O nosso
objetivo foi analisar a variação do temperamento afetivo e a presença de estados tímicos dominantes
em amostras clínicas (Perturbação Depressiva Major – PDM e Perturbação Bipolar – PB) e não clínicas,
fazendo também a adaptação e tradução do Questionário de Temperamento Afetivo (ATQ) para
português europeu (PT-EU). O ATQ foi administrado a 42 indivíduos com PDM, 64 com PB e 411
não clínicos. Um modelo de Análise Factorial Confirmatórial (AFC) de 3 fatores foi testado
(compreendendo subescalas de temperamento hipertímico, ciclotímico e distímico), revelando bom
ajuste e níveis aceitáveis de consistência interna. As subescalas do ATQ mostraram uma consistência
interna geral mais alta em pessoas com perturbações do humor. Suporte para validade convergente foi
encontrado. Pessoas com PB e PDM apresentaram maior prevalência nos temperamentos Ciclotímico
e Distímico do que as da amostra não clínica, embora não tenham diferido significativamente entre
eles em relação ao último. Os resultados sugerem que o ATQ é uma medida de autorrelato válida e
fiável para avaliar os temperamentos afetivos na população portuguesa e provou ser aceitável para
amostras clínicas e não clínicas. Essa medida pode ser aplicada para detectar vulnerabilidade precoce
a perturbações afetivas, o que pode ser muito útil no ambiente clínico e nos cuidados de saúde
primários.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Perceptions of portuguese preschool teachers and psychologists about the acceptability of a new evidence-based Universal Intervention Program with Targeted Elements for Inhibited-Withdrawn Behaviors
No full textHigh and stable behavioral inhibition (BI) during early childhood place children at increased risk of
experiencing anxiety, depression, peer exclusion, victimization, and academic difficulties. The bioecological
developmental framework and existing limitations in the scope of the few available
interventions targeted at behavioral inhibition during early childhood support the need to develop
new teacher-led socioemotional learning programs to be implemented with the peer group in the
classroom. This study aimed to explore the perceptions of Portuguese psychologists and preschool
teachers about the acceptability of the aims, structure, contents, activities, and materials of a new
universal intervention targeting inhibited behaviors and about the barriers/facilitators to its implementation.
Participants were 15 preschool teachers and 14 psychologists, who were distributed into
6 focus groups. Each focus group was moderated by a trained psychologist, using a semi-structured
interview guide. The thematic analysis revealed that the aims, contents, activities, and materials of
the new intervention program were considered highly acceptable by preschool teachers and
psychologists. Only minor modifications in the intervention structure (i.e. implementing less timeconsuming
psychoeducational workshops and reducing the time interval until the follow-up session)
and adaptations in the mode of delivery (i.e. hybrid format, or introduction of add-on motivational
modules for preschool teachers and families) were recommended to counteract barriers related to
time constraints and workplace conditions before its dissemination and pilot study. These promising
findings support the perceived need and acceptability of a new teacher-led universal intervention
program with targeted elements for behavioral inhibition during early childhood.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia -FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Relationships between three eating behaviors and nine motives for food choices among brazilian adults: A structural equation model
Get PDFWe examined the relationships between three eating behaviors and nine motives
underlying food choices made by Brazilian adults. Using participant responses to the
short version of the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire and the Food Choice
Questionnaire, we investigated eating behaviors (cognitive restriction, uncontrolled
eating, and emotional eating) and motives for food choices (health, mood, convenience,
sensory appeal, natural content, price, weight control, familiarity, and ethical concern).
We used a structural equation model to test relationship pathways (β), with eating
behaviors as independent variables and motives for food choices as dependent variables.
Participants were 1297 individuals (69.5% female) with a mean age of 25.0 years
(SD = 5.8). We confirmed the validity and reliability of the questionnaires in this sample.
Restrictive eating behavior was significantly related to motives of health (β = .415), mood (β = .127), natural content (β = .364), weight control (β = .681), and ethical
concern (β = .161). Emotional eating behavior was related to motives of mood (β =
.277), health (β = .137), and natural content (β = .136). Uncontrolled eating
behavior was related to motives of convenience (β = .226), sensory appeal (β = .121),
price (β = .153), and familiarity (β = .090). We believe these findings can now help
design future research and clinical interventions for managing people’s risky eating
behaviors and promoting beneficial food choices.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
The impact of imprisonment on individuals’ mental health and society reintegration: Study protocol
Get PDFBackground Prison sentences are a particular type of penalty that aim to reintegrate individuals into society.
Nonetheless, research suggests that prison sentences have a null or a criminogenic effect on recidivism and a
critical impact on inmates’ mental health, negatively interfering with their successful reintegration into society and
recidivism. Prevalence rates of mental health disorders among individuals who commit crimes are high, but little is
known about how incarceration perpetuates and/or worsens mental health symptoms. In the Portuguese context, no
studies focused on understanding the impact of imprisonment on prisoners’ mental health. Thus, this project aims to
understand incarceration’s mental health and well-being impact on male and female individuals convicted to prison,
both while incarcerated and after release.
Methods The study will follow a quantitative cross-sectional design of male and female individuals in prison
and parole, aiming to assess different samples at different moments of the prison sentence. It will also follow a
longitudinal design in a subsample of male and female individuals sentenced to prison and on parole who will be
followed for one year.
Discussion This study intends to have a meaningful impact on the understanding of imprisonment effects, giving
important clues for developing and implementing evidence-based prevention and intervention strategies to address
prisoners’ and ex-prisoners’ mental health and improve their ability to successfully reintegrate into society and reduce
recidivism.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Emotion regulation, resilience, and mental health: A mediation study with university students in the pandemic context
No full textThe COVID‐19 pandemic had a huge impact on people's
lives due to the fear of getting infected and having the
disease, as well as the necessary prevention and containment measures. University students were one of the most
affected groups, as they were forced to cope with
significant life changes. However, not all displayed
symptoms of psychological distress, which means that
internal resources such as emotional regulation and
resilience may have acted as protective variables. This
cross‐sectional study aimed to examine the extent to
which the relationship between emotion regulation and
stress, anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress
disorder (PTSD) symptoms was mediated by resilience in
a sample of university students. Results showed that
emotion regulation strategies were positively associated
with lower mental health. Some resilience dimensions
mediated these relationships, with perception‐of‐self
mediating all associations. Planned future mediated the
association between emotion regulation and depression,
family cohesion mediated the relation between emotion
regulation and stress, and social resources mediated the
association of cognitive reappraisal with anxiety and PTSD
by suppressing the direct positive relationship. These results highlight the relevance of resilience as a key
resource in coping effectively with the uncertainties, and
changes that arise during stressful periods such as a
pandemicFundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Adaptation of sea turtles to climate warming: Will phenological responses be sufficient to counteract changes in reproductive output?
No full textSea turtles are vulnerable to climate change since their reproductive output is influenced by incubating temperatures, with warmer temperatures causing lower hatching
success and increased feminization of embryos. Their ability to cope with projected
increases in ambient temperatures will depend on their capacity to adapt to shifts
in climatic regimes. Here, we assessed the extent to which phenological shifts could impacts from increases in ambient temperatures (from 1.5 to 3°C in air temperatures and from 1.4 to 2.3°C in sea surface temperatures by 2100 at our sites)
on four species of sea turtles, under a “middle of the road” scenario (SSP2-4.5). Sand
temperatures at sea turtle nesting sites are projected to increase from 0.58 to 4.17°C
by 2100 and expected shifts in nesting of 26–43 days earlier will not be sufficient to
maintain current incubation temperatures at 7 (29%) of our sites, hatching success
rates at 10 (42%) of our sites, with current trends in hatchling sex ratio being able
to be maintained at half of the sites. We also calculated the phenological shifts that
would be required (both backward for an earlier shift in nesting and forward for a later
shift) to keep up with present-day incubation temperatures, hatching success rates,
and sex ratios. The required shifts backward in nesting for incubation temperatures
ranged from −20 to −191 days, whereas the required shifts forward ranged from +54
to +180 days. However, for half of the sites, no matter the shift the median incubation temperature will always be warmer than the 75th percentile of current ranges.
Given that phenological shifts will not be able to ameliorate predicted changes in
temperature, hatching success and sex ratio at most sites, turtles may need to use
other adaptive responses and/or there is the need to enhance sea turtle resilience to
climate warming.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Como ocorrem os processos de planificação no contexto educativo de prática supervisionada?
Get PDFRelatório da Prática de Ensino Supervisionada
apresentado no ISPA – Instituto Universitário para obtenção de grau
de Mestre em Educação Pré-Escolar e EnsinoO presente Relatório da Prática de Ensino Supervisionada foi concretizado no âmbito
do Mestrado em Educação Pré-Escolar e Ensino do 1º Ciclo do Ensino Básico, integrado no
ISPA – Instituto Universitário, e decorre da prática supervisionada concretizada num contexto
educativo de 1º ciclo do ensino básico.
Este descreve o processo investigativo desenvolvido numa turma de 3º ano de
escolaridade, inserida numa instituição pública de educação, cujas dinâmicas diárias de
trabalho integram o modelo pedagógico do Movimento da Escola Moderna. Destas
dinâmicas, destacaram-se as que correspondiam à gestão e regulação temporal do grupo, e,
particularmente, os processos, dialógicos e negociais, de coconstrução cooperada das
planificações semanais nos blocos letivos de ‘Conselho de Cooperação’.
Este estudo orientou-se segundo uma metodologia qualitativa, assente em
instrumentos de recolha e tratamento de dados como a observação participante e sistemática,
as notas de campo, registos fotográficos e gravações de áudio, obtidas, essencialmente, em
períodos de ‘Conselho de Cooperação’ da turma, e suas transcrições, posteriormente
submetidas a uma análise discursiva, segundo uma categorização desta emergente, estruturada
em grelhas de análise de dados.
O processo de análise crítica e reflexiva da informação recolhida permitiu dar resposta
às questões orientadoras formuladas e, nomeadamente, entender como ocorrem os processos
de planificação no contexto da prática de ensino supervisionada. A análise considerou a
participação e o envolvimento dos elementos do grupo nesses processos negociais, relevandose o diálogo, a comunicação e a cooperação como desígnios fundamentais destes,
corroborados pelos princípios democráticos do modelo pedagógico do Movimento da Escola
Moderna que os sustentam.; ; l; ;
Retenção escolar: crenças e práticas dos professores e a sua relação com as políticas educativas das escolas
Get PDFAlguns autores sugerem que as altas taxas de retenção escolar observadas em alguns países se devem à crença nos benefícios desta prática. O presente estudo procurou compreender o efeito moderador que as políticas educativas das escolas sobre a retenção têm na relação entre crenças e práticas de retenção no 2º ano de escolaridade. Uma análise dos documentos orientadores de 66 escolas da Madeira, Portugal, identificou os critérios e requisitos exigidos para a decisão de retenção. Um questionário online recolheu as crenças e práticas de retenção de 300 professores desta Região. Uma análise de perfis latentes identificou cinco grupos de professores organizados num continuum que variava entre uma maior rejeição e uma maior certeza nos benefícios da retenção. Observou-se uma associação entre as crenças e as práticas dos professores apenas nas escolas que não tinham nem critérios nem requisitos definidos para a decisão de retenção. Os resultados sugerem que os professores precisam de informação que oriente a tomada de decisão e que proporcione maior coerência na atuação dos intervenientes.ABSTRACT: Some authors suggest that the high grade retention rates observed in several countries are due to a generalized belief in the benefits of this practice. The present study sought to understand the moderating effect that schools’ educational policies on retention have on the relationship between second grade retention beliefs and practices. An analysis of the guiding documents of 66 schools in Madeira, Portugal, identified the criteria and requirements required for making a retention decision. An online questionnaire that collected the beliefs and retention practices of 300 teachers from this Region was used. A latent profile analysis identified five groups of teachers organized on a continuum from greater denial to greater confidence in the benefits of retention. There was an association between teachers’ beliefs and practices only in schools with no criteria or requirements for the retention decision. The results suggest that teachers need relevant information to guide their decisions and provide greater coherence in the actions of stakeholders.RESUMEN: Algunos autores sugieren que las altas tasas de retención escolar observadas en algunos países se deben a la creencia en los beneficios de esta práctica. El presente estudio buscó comprender el efecto moderador que las políticas educativas de las escuelas sobre la retención tienen en la relación entre creencias y prácticas de retención en el 2º año de escolaridad. Un análisis de los documentos orientativos de 66 escuelas de Madeira, Portugal, identificó los criterios y requisitos exigidos para la decisión de retención. Un cuestionario online recogió las creencias y prácticas de retención de 300 profesores de esta Región. Un análisis de perfiles latentes identificó cinco grupos de profesores organizados en un continuo que variaba entre un mayor rechazo y una mayor certeza en los beneficios de la retención. Se observó una asociación entre las creencias y las prácticas de los profesores solo en las escuelas que no tenían ni criterios ni requisitos definidos para la decisión de retención. Los resultados sugieren que los profesores necesitan información que guíe la toma de decisiones y que proporcione mayor coherencia en la actuación de los intervinientes.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Learning to suppress a location is configuration-dependent
Get PDFWhere and what we attend is very much determined by what we have encountered in the past. Recent studies have shown that
people learn to extract statistical regularities in the environment resulting in attentional suppression of locations that were
likely to contain a distractor, efectively reducing the amount of attentional capture. Here, we asked whether this suppression
efect due to statistical learning is dependent on the specifc confguration within which it was learned. The current study
employed the additional singleton paradigm using search arrays that had a confguration consisting of set sizes of either four
or 10 items. Each confguration contained its own high probability distractor location. If learning would generalize across set
size confgurations, both high probability locations would be suppressed equally, regardless of set size. However, if learning
to suppress is dependent on the confguration within which it was learned, one would expect only suppression of the high
probability location that matched the confguration within which it was learned. The results show the latter, suggesting that
implicitly learned suppression is confguration-dependent. Thus, we conclude that the high probability location is learned
within the confguration context within which it is presentedinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio