Instituto Universitário de Ciências Psicológicas, Sociais e da Vida
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Ainda há amor? Expressão sexual do casal na demência
Get PDFDissertação de Mestrado realizada sob a orientação de
Professora Doutora Sofia von Humboldt, apresentada no
Ispa - Instituto Universitário, para obtenção de grau
de Mestre, na especialidade de Psicologia Clínica.A demência consiste no progressivo declínio das funções cognitivas, que afetam o
funcionamento de diversos domínios da vida do individuo e todo o sistema familiar. Nesse
sentido, a expressão sexual do casal de idosos, parece sofrer mudanças resultantes da
progressão da doença. Assim, este estudo tem como objetivo geral compreender a perceção
da díade de idosos sobre a sua expressão sexual após o diagnóstico de demência de um dos
cônjuges e os seguintes objetivos específicos: i) Identificar o conceito de expressão sexual, ii)
Perceber de que forma os idosos expressam a sua sexualidade, iii) Descrever os fatores que
influenciam a expressão sexual da díade após o diagnóstico de demência. A amostra é
constituída por 10 díades, com um dos elementos diagnosticado com demência e idades
compreendidas entre os 68 e os 94 anos. Utilizou-se um questionário sociodemográfico e a
entrevista semiestruturada, construídos para o efeito. A analise de conteúdo, permitiu
identificar, acerca da perceção da expressão sexual, as categorias mais referidas: Afetividade;
Relações sexuais; Expressão amorosa. Relativamente à forma de expressão sexual, as
categorias mais mencionadas: Manifestações de afeto e de cuidado; Diminuição do interesse
sexual; Desejo sexual. Sobre a influência do diagnóstico de demência na expressão sexual da
díade, as categorias mais indicadas: Aceitação e adaptação; Alteração de rotinas; Desinteresse
pelas relações sexuais. Este estudo é relevante pois oferece informações que podem
contribuir para o desenvolvimento de programas de sensibilização social e políticas de saúde
mental em Portugal, proporcionando uma melhor qualidade de vida e envelhecimento
saudável.ABSTRACT: Dementia consists of the progressive decline of cognitive functions, which affect the
functioning of various domains of the individual's life and the entire family system. In this
sense, the sexual expression of the elderly couple seems to undergo changes resulting from
the progression of the disease. Thus, this study has the general objective of understanding the
perception of the elderly dyad about their sexual expression after the diagnosis of dementia in
one of the spouses and the following specific objectives: i) Identify the concept of sexual
expression, ii) Understand how the elderly express their sexuality, iii) Describe the factors
that influence the sexual expression of the dyad after the diagnosis of dementia. The sample
consists of 10 dyads, with one of the elements diagnosed with dementia and aged between 68
and 94 years. A socio-demographic questionnaire and a semi-structured interview,
constructed for this purpose, were used. The content analysis allowed us to identify,
regarding the perception of sexual expression, the most mentioned categories: Affectivity;
Sexual relations; Loving expression. Regarding the form of sexual expression, the most
mentioned categories: Manifestations of affection and care; Decreased sexual interest; Sexual
desire. On the influence of the diagnosis of dementia on the sexual expression of the dyad,
the most indicated categories: Acceptance and adaptation; Changing routines; Disinterest in
sexual intercourse. This study is relevant as it offers information that can contribute to the
development of social awareness programs and mental health policies in Portugal, providing
a better quality of life and healthy aging
De vítimas a sobreviventes. De sobreviventes a ativistas
No full textDissertação de Mestrado realizada sob a orientação do
Professor Doutor José Ornelas, apresentada no Ispa –
Instituto Universitário para obtenção do grau
de Mestre na Especialidade de Psicologia Clínica.A presente dissertação procura ser uma reflexão acerca do movimento de defesa dos
direitos das pessoas com experiência de doença mental, a sua evolução e perspetivas para o
futuro. Tem como objetivo principal avaliar em que medida o ativismo realizado pelos líderes
com experiência de doença mental influencia os seus processos de recovery. Pretende explorar
as variáveis importantes para a promoção do ativismo com pessoas com experiência de doença
mental, bem como os fatores associados ao estigma e à discriminação com a doença mental.
Este estudo teve a participação de cinco líderes da Associação para o Estudo e
Integração Psicossocial. Trata-se de uma investigação qualitativa, que contou com a realização
de entrevistas semiestruturadas. A investigação foi colaborativa, de modo a dar voz às pessoas
com experiência de doença mental sobre as suas vivências. Para analisar os dados, utilizou-se
o método da análise temática.
Concluiu-se que tanto o ativismo como o recovery influenciam positivamente as pessoas
com experiência de doença mental, a partir do empowerment, do recovery (no caso do
ativismo), do aumento do bem-estar, e das interações sociais com pessoas com experiências
semelhantes. Uma diminuição do estigma, um acesso a ajuda e apoio dos seus pares, uma
diminuição dos internamentos e medicações, e um acesso às mesmas oportunidades oferecidas
a qualquer pessoa, promovem o ativismo na doença mental. O estigma e a discriminação
provêm de falta de conhecimento e informação acerca das pessoas com experiência de doença
mental.ABSTRACT: The present dissertation reflects upon the leaders’ movement regarding the rights of
people with experience of mental illness, its evolution and perspectives for the future. The main
aim is to assess the extent to which the activism carried out by leaders with experience of mental
illness has influenced their recovery processes. We intend to identify the important variables
for the promotion of activism with people with experience of mental illness and to identify the
factors associated with stigma and discrimination in regards to mental illnesses.
The study had the participation of five leaders from the Association for the Study and
Psychosocial Integration. Through qualitative and collaborative method, interviews were
carried out. It is a collaborative investigation, in order amplify the voices of people with
experience of mental illness about their life perspectives. To analyse the data, the method used
was the thematic analysis.
It was concluded that both activism and recovery positively influence people
experiencing mental illness, through empowerment, recovery (in regards to activism), increased
well-being, and social interactions with people with similar experiences. Decreased stigma,
access to help and support from their peers, decreased hospitalizations and medications, and
access to opportunities similar to those offered to anyone else, all promote activism in mental
illness. Stigma and identification stem from a lack of knowledge and information about people
experiencing mental illness
Effect of temperature on broadnosed pipefish, Syngnathus typhle, behaviour, body condition and survival
No full textDissertação de Mestrado realizada sob a orientação da
Doutora Ana Margarida Faria, apresentada no Ispa –
Instituto Universitário para obtenção de grau de Mestre na
especialidade de Biologia Marinha e Conservação.A temperatura é um fator determinante para os organismos ectotérmicos, como os
peixes. Compreender de que forma o aquecimento do oceano tem impacto nas espécies, a nível
individual e populacional, é importante para a sua gestão e conservação. O presente estudo
testou os efeitos da exposição prolongada a temperatura elevada no comportamento, condição
física e sobrevivência da marinha-de-focinho-grosso, Syngnathus typhle. Os indivíduos foram
expostos a duas temperaturas (20ºC e 24ºC) durante 4 meses. Foram feitas observações
comportamentais três vezes por semana e os indivíduos pesados e medidos quinzenalmente. Os
resultados do estudo sugerem que os comportamentos de natação e repouso não foram afetados
pela temperatura, mas variaram ao longo do período de exposição; já o comportamento de
movimentação lenta foi afetado pela temperatura, tendo os peixes mantidos a 24ºC passado
mais tempo neste tipo de movimento. Foram observadas diferenças na condição física,
associadas à exposição prolongada à temperatura elevada, observando-se indivíduos mais
pequenos e com menor peso. A sobrevivência foi afetada tanto pela temperatura, havendo mais
mortes na temperatura elevada, como pelo tempo de exposição, tendo o número de mortes
aumentado em ambos os tratamentos. Estes resultados sugerem que apesar de não existirem
efeitos a nível de comportamento, a exposição crónica a temperaturas elevadas, previstas para
o final do século, poderá provocar stress térmico nesta espécie de singnatídeo, comprometendo
a sua condição e sobrevivência.ABSTRACT: Temperature is a determinant factor for ectothermic organisms, like fish. Understanding
how ocean warming impacts species at individual and populational level is important to
successfully manage and preserve species. This study tested the effects of long-term exposure
to temperature on the behaviour, body condition and survival of the broadnosed-pipefish,
Syngnathus typhle. Individuals were exposed to two temperatures (20ºC and 24ºC) for 4
months. Behavioural observations took place three times per week, and weight and length were
measured every two weeks. Our results show that the swimming and stationary behaviours were
not affected by temperature but varied during the exposure period. The slow body movement
behaviour was affected by temperature: fish kept under 24ºC spent more time doing this
behaviour. Body condition was impacted by long-term exposure to high temperature, resulting
in smaller and lighter individuals. Similarly, survival was affected by temperature: high
temperature led to more deaths, and increasing numbers of deaths were registered in both
treatments due to exposure time. These results suggest that even though behavioural changes
are not observed, chronic exposure to high temperatures, such as those predicted by the end of
this century, may compromise the condition and survival of this species
"Espelho meu, espelho meu..." - A relação entre a dismorfia muscular e narcisismo
No full textDissertação de Mestrado realizada sob a orientação
do Professor Doutor Csongor Juhos, apresentada no Ispa –
Instituto Universitário, para obtenção de grau de Mestre na
especialidade de Psicologia Clínica.A Dismorfia Corporal caracteriza-se enquanto uma perturbação na qual o individuo
manifesta uma alteração da perceção corporal, verificando-se uma preocupação intrusiva e
persistente com uma ou mais imperfeições na aparência física, as quais podem ser reais ou
imaginadas. Estes indivíduos manifestam sofrimento clinicamente significativo, pois a sua
qualidade de vida é fortemente comprometida, uma vez que as suas excessivas preocupações
corporais levam à adoção de comportamentos que auxiliem na obtenção do corpo percebido
como ideal. A sua incidência tem vindo a aumentar, sendo as redes sociais e as consequentes
mutações da conceção de beleza apontadas como as principais causas. A nível do estudo da
personalidade destes sujeitos, verifica-se um domínio do modelo cognitivo-comportamental na
literatura existente. Assim, esta investigação tem como objetivo estudar a organização do
mundo interno destes indivíduos, através de uma abordagem psicodinâmica, bem como
compreender a perturbação à luz das contribuições psicanalíticas acerca do narcisismo.
Procedeu-se à realização de uma análise temática, utilizando a entrevista narrativa como meio
de recolha de dados, os quais foram obtidos através de 5 entrevistas com o participante. Espera se que os resultados apontem para fragilidades narcísicas de base e que se verifique um conflito
entre o Ego e o Ideal de Ego.ABSTRACT: Body Dysmorphia is characterized as a disorder in which the individual manifests a
change in body perception, intrusive and persistent preoccupation with one or more
imperfections in physical appearance, which can be real or imagined. These individuals
manifest clinically significant suffering, as their quality of life is strongly compromised, since
their excessive body concerns lead to the adoption of behaviors that help to obtain the body
perceived as ideal. Its incidence has been increasing, with social media, and the consequent
changes in the conception of beauty, being identified as the main causes. When it comes to the
study of the personality of these individuals, there is a dominance of the cognitive behavioral
paradigm in the existing scientific literature. Thus, this investigation aims to study the
organization of the internal world of these individuals, through a psychodynamic approach, as
well as to understand the disorder in the light of psychoanalytic contributions on narcissism. A
thematic analysis was carried out, using the narrative interview as a means of data collection,
which were obtained through 5 interviews with the subject. It is expected that the results point
to an underlying narcissistic disturbance and the existence of a conflict between the Ego and
the Ego Ideal
Neuro - Optometric investigations in managerial decisions
No full textPaper presents an inter – disciplinary approach towards human decision-making mosaic via optometric injections. Study incorporates entrepreneurial brain practices as wedded to neurosciences. If disordered embroidery VUCA (Vulnerability, Uncertainty, Complexity, and Ambiguity) has given foundation to disordered embroidery BANI (Brittle, Anxious, Non-linear, and Incomprehensible), disordered embroidery RUPT (Rapid, Unpredictable, Paradoxical, and Tangled) and disordered embroidery TUNA (Turbulent, Uncertain, Novel and Ambiguous), it is tractable that time is fitting for anatomical ‘steal a look’ into entrepreneurial choice behaviour. Study opines that inter-sections between Biology and Management are far-reaching and hold immense potential for advancing managerial practices. By recognizing and integrating biological underpinnings of human behaviour, decision making, leadership, and adaptability, managers can devise informed and effective strategies. As fields of Biology and management continue to evolve, interdisciplinary collaboration is essential to unlock full spectrum of cause-and-effect connections between these domains. Aim has been to decipher decision making via optometric estimates. Eye tracking methodology is adopted. Kowlers eye tracking model has been examined. Deductions are eye movements in human decision behaviour making is moderately driven by stimulus properties that bias information uptake in favor of visually salient stimuli. Eye movements do (not) have causal effect on preference formation. However, through properties inherent to visual system, such as stimulus-driven attention, eye movements do lead to down-stream effects on human decision behaviour making
Battles of the soul: Validation of the Scale of Religious and Spiritual Struggles (RSS) for the portuguese population
Get PDFThis study aims to adapt and validate the Religious and Spiritual Struggles Scale
for the Portuguese population. The sample consisted of 732 participants with vari‑
ous religious afliations. The exploratory factor analysis showed that it consists
of six dimensions, similar to the initial instrument. A KMO of 0.91 was obtained.
The confrmatory factor analysis confrmed the existence of six factors and showed
adequate ft indices. Internal consistency and construct reliability were above 0.70.
The analysis of the psychometric qualities of this instrument indicates that it can be
applied to the Portuguese population and is a valuable instrument for psychothera‑
peutic practice and studies in the psychology of religion and spirituality.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio
Social and asocial learning in zebrafish are encoded by a shared brain network that is differentially modulated by local activation
Get PDFGroup living animals use social and asocial cues to predict the presence of reward or punishment
in the environment through associative learning. The degree to which social and
asocial learning share the same mechanisms is still a matter of debate. We have used a
classical conditioning paradigm in zebrafish, in which a social (fish image) or an asocial (circle
image) conditioned stimulus (CS) have been paired with an unconditioned stimulus
(US=food), and we have used the expression of the immediate early gene c-fos to map the
neural circuits associated with each learning type. Our results show that the learning performance
is similar to social and asocial CSs. However, the brain regions activated in each
learning type are distinct and a community analysis of brain network data reveals segregated
functional submodules, which seem to be associated with different cognitive functions
involved in the learning tasks. These results suggest that, despite localized differences in
brain activity between social and asocial learning, they share a common learning module and
social learning also recruits a specific social stimulus integration module. Therefore, our
results support the occurrence of a common general-purpose learning module, that is differentially
modulated by localized activation in social and asocial learning.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia- FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Effects of temperature on acoustic and visual courtship and reproductive success in the two-spotted goby Pomatoschistus flavescens
Get PDFFish are ectothermic and small changes in water temperature could greatly affect reproduction. The two-spotted goby is a small semi-pelagic species that uses visual and acoustic displays to mate. Here, we studied the effect of temperature (16 and 20 ◦C) on acoustic and visual courtship and associated reproductive success in 39 males. Temperature influenced male visual courtship performed outside the nest, but it did not influence calling rate and the number of laid eggs. Interestingly, the number of sounds (drums) was the sole predictor of spawning success. These findings suggest that exposure to different temperatures within the species’ natural range affect courtship behaviour but not its reproductive success. We propose that finding the link between acoustic behaviour and reproduction in fishes offers the opportunity to monitor fish sounds both in the lab and in nature to learn how they respond to environmental changes and human impacts, namely global warming.Fundação para a Ciiência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Collaborative inhibition effect: The role of memory task and retrieval method
No full textIt is well established that the recall of collaborative groups is lower than the pooled recall of an equal number of lone individuals—the collaborative inhibition efect (Weldon and Bellinger, J Exp Psychol Learn Memory Cogn 23(5):1160–1175, 1997).
This is arguably the case because group members have conficting retrieval strategies that disrupt each other's recall—the
retrieval strategies disruption hypothesis (Basden et al., J Exp Psychol Learn Memory Cogn 23(5):1176–1191, 1997). In
two experiments, we further examined this hypothesis by testing whether the memory task (free recall vs. serial recall) and
the recall method (turn-taking vs. unconstraint) moderate collaborative inhibition. Experiment 1 compared the performance
of collaborative and nominal groups in a free recall and a serial recall task. Results revealed collaborative inhibition in free
recall, but this efect was reduced in serial recall. In Experiment 2, collaborative and nominal performance was compared
in the same tasks with collaborative but also nominal groups, using the turn-taking method. The collaborative inhibition
efect was still observed in free recall, although to a lesser extent when participants in nominal groups used the turn-taking
method. In the serial recall task, the collaborative inhibition efect was eliminated. Taken together, these results further support retrieval strategies disruption as an explanation for the collaborative inhibition efect.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Emotional distress in portuguese cancer patients: The use of the emotion thermometers (ET) screening tool
Get PDFCancer patients may experience significant distress. The “Emotion Thermometers” (ETs) are a short visual analogue scale used to screen patients for psychosocial risk. This study aimed to assess emotional distress in a large sample of cancer patients attending psychological services at an non-governmental organization (NGO), and to explore factors that may contribute to it. The ETs were answered by 899 cancer patients. They were, on average, 59.9 years old, the majority were female, had breast cancer, were under treatment or were disease-free survivors, and reported high levels of emotional distress, above the cut-off (≥5). A Generalized Linear Model was used to measure the association between the level of distress, age, gender, disease phase and 33 items of the problem list. Four items—sadness, depression, sleep and breathing—were found to be significantly related to a higher level of distress. Additionally, women and patients who were in the palliative phase also had significantly higher levels of distress. The results confirm the need for early emotional screening in cancer patients, as well as attending to the characteristics of each patient. Additionally, they highlight the utility of the ETs for the clinical practice, allowing to optimize the referral to specialized psychosocial services.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio