Instituto Universitário de Ciências Psicológicas, Sociais e da Vida
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Seascape genomics reveals limited dispersal and suggests spatially varying selection among European populations of sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus)
Get PDFSea lamprey Petromyzon marinus is an anadromous and semelparous fish without
homing behaviors. Despite being a freshwater, free-living organism for a large part
of their life cycle, its adulthood is spent as a parasite of marine vertebrates. In their
native European range, while it is well-established that sea lampreys comprise a single
nearly-panmictic population, few studies have further explored the evolutionary history of natural populations. Here, we performed the first genome-wide characterization of sea lamprey's genetic diversity in their European natural range. The objectives
were to investigate the connectivity among river basins and explore evolutionary
processes mediating dispersal during the marine phase, with the sequencing of 186
individuals from 8 locations spanning the North Eastern Atlantic coast and the North
Sea with double-digest RAD-sequencing, obtaining a total of 30,910 bi-allelic SNPs.
Population genetic analyses reinforced the existence of a single metapopulation
encompassing freshwater spawning sites within the North Eastern Atlantic and the
North Sea, though the prevalence of private alleles at northern latitudes suggested
some limits to the species' dispersal. Seascape genomics suggested a scenario where
oxygen concentration and river runoffs impose spatially varying selection across their
distribution range. Exploring associations with the abundance of potential hosts further suggested that hake and cod could also impose selective pressures, although the
nature of such putative biotic interactions was unresolved. Overall, the identification
of adaptive seascapes in a panmictic anadromous species could contribute to conservation practices by providing information for restoration activities to mitigate local
extinctions on freshwater sites.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
The first portuguese open dialogue pilot project intervention
Get PDFIntroduction: In 2020, the Directorate General of Health (DGS), a central service
of the Ministry of Health in Portugal, approved and co-financed the first Open
Dialogue program in the country. The present report aims to demonstrate the
preliminary results of the first year of the project, implemented in the northern
interior region of Alentejo.
Methods: Seven people at the Center of Concern (PCC) and 21 family
members/social networks received care through Open Dialogue; four external
social workers and psychologists were also involved in the project as members
of the support network. A total of 160 network meetings were undertaken,
reaching as many as 27 per month in the busiest periods. Based on a
previous Italian Research Protocol, developed by Pocobello et al. (non-published
manuscript), quantitative and qualitative data were collected in and after the
clinical meetings involving PCC and their family/social network, through a
multi-method approach: clinical history interview (e.g., generic research on
sociodemographic data, duration of untreated symptoms, reasons for requesting
help, possible hospitalizations, and/or treatments/therapies) and the following
scales applied every five sessions (e.g., CORE-OM, BSI, GAF, and LSNS-6).
Results: The preliminary results indicate an improvement in global functioning
and the enlargement of social network size/support, a decrease in symptoms, and
a negative correlation between the number of sessions and the LSNS6. Medication
use remained largely unchanged at the end of the project.
Discussion: In general, even with a small sample, the results are considered
satisfactory and seem to be aligned with the vast majority of Open Dialogue
studies, which for several decades have consistently pointed toward better
recovery rates than treatment as usual as well as increased client satisfaction. We
expect that the results presented can boost further research and help strengthen
the OD approach.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Assessing the benefits of the “Intergalactic World” social emotional learning program for 8–12-year-old children in Portugal: perspectives from teachers and caregivers
Get PDFIntroduction: “Intergalactic World” is a new social–emotional program designed to
reduce psychopathological symptoms and improve social and emotional skills in
children aged 8–12. This study aims to evaluate the program’s benefits from teachers’
and caregivers’ perspectives, focusing on internalizing and externalizing behaviors.
Methods: The findings were obtained through self-reported measures using
a pretest-posttest design with a follow-up period, but with no control group.
One hundred fifty-four children (M age = 9.66, SD = 0.78) participated in this
intervention study. Eleven teachers completed the Teacher’s Report Form (TRF)
for these children, and 133 caregivers completed the Child Behavior Checklist
(CBCL). Participants without caregivers’ reports were excluded from the analysis.
Data were collected at three-time points: before the intervention (T1), immediately
after (T2), and 6 months after the implementation of the program (T3).
Results: Results (n = 133) showed an effect of time on the Internalization scores (at
T3 for teachers and T2 and T3 for caregivers) with no gender effect and a decrease in
the perception of externalizing behaviors with a gender effect: Boys were perceived
as exhibiting more externalizing behaviors than girls. However, these behaviors
significantly decrease at T3 for teachers and at T2 and T3 for caregivers.
Discussion: Despite its limitations, this study highlights the benefits of employing
social–emotional programs to help reduce children’s internalizing and externalizing
behaviors. A multi-informant approach enables a comprehensive analysis and
provides insights into the child’s significant contexts and interactions with adults.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Corrigendum to “Quantifying annual spatial consistency in chick-rearing seabirds to inform important site identification” [Biol. Conserv. 281 (2023) 109994]
No full textAnimal tracking has afforded insights into patterns of space use in numerous species and thereby informed areabased conservation planning. A crucial consideration when estimating spatial distributions from tracking data is whether the sample of tracked animals is representative of the wider population. However, it may also be
important to track animals in multiple years to capture changes in distribution in response to varying environmental conditions. Using GPS-tracking data from 23 seabird species, we assessed the importance of multi-year
sampling for identifying important sites for conservation during the chick-rearing period, when seabirds are most
spatially constrained. We found a high degree of spatial overlap among distributions from different years in most
species. Multi-year sampling often captured a significantly higher portion of reference distributions (based on all
data for a population) than sampling in a single year. However, we estimated that data from a single year would
on average miss only 5 % less of the full distribution of a population compared to equal-sized samples collected
across three years (min: − 0.3 %, max: 17.7 %, n = 23). Our results suggest a key consideration for identifying
important sites from tracking data is whether enough individuals were tracked to provide a representative estimate of the population distribution during the sampling period, rather than that tracking necessarily take place in multiple years. By providing an unprecedented multi-species perspective on annual spatial consistency, this work has relevance for the application of tracking data to informing the conservation of seabirds.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Innovations in attachment-based interventions in pandemic times: Feasibility of online attachment-based interventions
Get PDFinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Development of the virtual-VIPP and a systematic review of online support for families during the COVID-19 pandemic
Get PDFDuring the COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns made it impossible for
parenting coaches to reach the families without digital means of
communication. Several studies were initiated to transform existing
parenting interventions into hybrid or fully online versions and to
examine their feasibility, acceptability and efficacy. We present one
such transformation in detail, the Virtual-VIPP which is based on
Video-feedback Intervention to promote Positive Parenting and
Sensitive Discipline (VIPP-SD). Furthermore, we report a systematic
review of 17 published trials with online versions of parenting
programs. Overall, online parenting interventions seem feasible to
implement, are well-received by most families, and to show equivalent effects to face-to-face approaches. Careful preparation of technicalities and monitoring of fidelity are prerequisites. Advantages of
online parenting interventions are their potentially broader reach,
more detailed process documentation, and better cost-utility balance. We expect that online parenting interventions are here to stay, but their efficacy needs to be rigorously tested.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Conflict (Work-Family and Family-Work) and task performance: The role of well-being in this relationship
Get PDFRecent societal changes have brought new challenges to contemporary organisations, e.g.,
how to properly manage the work-family/family-work dyad and, thus, promote adequate task
performance. This paper aimed to study the relationship between conflict (work-family and familywork) and task performance, and whether this relationship was moderated by well-being. Thus,
the following hypotheses were formulated: (1) conflict (work-family and family-work) is negatively
associated with task performance; (2) conflict (work-family and family-work) is negatively associated
with well-being; (3) well-being is positively associated with task performance; and (4) well-being
moderates the relationship between conflict (work-family and family-work) and task performance.
A total of 596 subjects participated in this study, all employed in Portuguese organisations. The
results underlined that only family-work conflict was negatively and significantly associated with
task performance. Work-family conflict established a negative and significant relationship with
well-being. Well-being was positively and significantly associated with performance and moderated
the relationship between conflict (work-family and family-work) and task performance. These
results show that organisations should provide employees with situations that promote their wellbeing, especially in Portugal, where a relationship culture exists (rather than task culture, which is
predominant in the USA and Canada, for example) which means that additional and considerable time
must be dedicated to personal and family matters for people to fit in and be accepted harmoniously.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Psychometric properties and measurement invariance of a European Portuguese version of the fear of COVID-19 scale
Get PDFThe prevalence of burnout among university students is increasing with consequences for their academic performance. Attachment theory, as a theory of affect regulation and interpersonal relationships, may be an important framework that helps to explain why some students experience academic burnout while others do not. This study aims to examine the links between attachment orientations and levels of academic burnout and to explore the mediating role of emotion regulation strategies in this relationship. This cross-sectional study included 205 students from different Portuguese universities. Multiple mediation models conducted in PROCESS showed that both attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance were associated with higher levels of personal and academic-related burnout. Additionally, rumination and suppression mediated the association between attachment anxiety and burnout while putting into perspective and suppression mediated the association between attachment avoidance and burnout. Results are discussed in the light of attachment theory and clinical implications are provided to prevent academic-related burnout. © 2023 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Gestão sustentável de recursos humanos e desempenho: O efeito mediador da identificação organizacional
No full textDissertação de Mestrado apresentada no Ispa – Instituto
Universitário para obtenção de grau de Mestre na
especialidade de Psicologia Social e das OrganizaçõesAs organizações têm sido extremamente pressionadas a reposicionarem as suas linhas de atuação em matéria de Gestão Sustentável de Recursos Humanos (GSRH) devido à crescente preocupação em torno da sustentabilidade ambiental e do cumprimento dos 17 Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS), divulgados pela Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU). Neste sentido, torna-se necessário adotar políticas mais eficientes, sustentáveis e capazes de minimizar e desacelerar o impacto das alterações climáticas e da destruição dos recursos naturais. Desta forma, desenvolveu-se um estudo empírico, de natureza quantitativa e descritiva, com carácter hipotético-dedutivo, com o intuito de contribuir para uma compreensão mais aprofundada sobre a GSRH tendo como foco a perceção formulada pelos colaboradores em relação à organização aquando da implementação de práticas green. Concomitantemente, pretende-se aferir se a identificação organizacional constitui um dos mecanismos pelo qual é explicado o efeito das práticas de GSRH sobre o desempenho.
Os resultados obtidos a partir da amostra constituída por 215 participantes, dos quais 75 (34.9%) eram do género masculino e 140 (65.1%) do género feminino, com uma média de idades de 40.41, permitem confirmar a pertinência da adoção de uma Gestão Sustentável de Recursos Humanos para bons níveis de Identificação Organizacional e Desempenho Individual, mais concretamente, Desempenho de Contexto.ABSTRACT: Organizations have been under extreme pressure to reposition their lines of action in terms of Sustainable Human Resources Management (GSRH) due to the growing concern around environmental sustainability and compliance with the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), published by the Organization of United Nations (UN). In this sense, it is necessary to adopt more efficient, sustainable policies capable of minimizing and slowing down the impact of climate change and the destruction of natural resources. In this way, an empirical study was developed, in a quantitative and descriptive way, with a hypothetical-deductive nature, with the aim of contributing to a more in-depth understanding of GSRH, focusing on the perception formulated by employees in relation to the organization at the time of implementation of green practices. At the same time, we intend to assess whether organizational identification constitutes one of the mechanisms by which the effect of GSRH practices on performance is explained.
The results obtained from the sample made up of 215 participants, of which 75 (34.9%) were male and 140 (65.1%) were female, with an average age of 40.41, allow us to confirm the relevance of adopting a Management Sustainable Human Resources for good levels of Organizational Identification and Individual Performance, more specifically, Context Performance
Caraterização das crenças e comportamentos dos agentes policiais em relação a vítimas de tentativa ou violação consumada
No full textA violação é um dos crimes que mais assombra as mulheres. Não só pelo crime em si, mas por todo o processo que se segue na justiça. A vergonha e a culpa perseguem as vítimas, por isso, a maneira como são tratadas pelo sistema que, supostamente, deve protegê-las, é muito importante. Deste modo, o presente estudo teve como objetivo principal explorar o tipo de crenças e comportamentos que os órgãos de polícia criminal têm para com vítimas de tentativa ou violação consumada no âmbito das suas funções. Assim, participaram neste estudo elementos da Polícia de Segurança Pública (PSP) e da Guarda Nacional Republicana (GNR). Para a recolha de dados foi pedido aos participantes que respondessem a um questionário composto por questões sociodemográficas, a Escala de Crenças sobre a Violência Sexual e um conjunto de sete questões de resposta aberta. Os resultados evidenciaram que os órgãos de polícia criminal têm níveis baixos de legitimação das crenças sobre a violência sexual e que, existem diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre a GNR e a PSP em relação a estas crenças. Verificou-se, ainda, que os órgãos de polícia criminal não têm um comportamento descuidado para com vítimas com determinadas caraterísticas.ABSTRACT | Rape is one of the crimes that most haunts women. Not only for the crime itself, but for the entire process that follows in justice. Shame and guilt haunt victims, so how they are treated by the system that is supposed to protect them is very important. Thus, the main objective of this study was to explore the type of beliefs and behaviors that criminal police towards victims of attempted or consummated rape within the scope of their functions. Thus, elements of the Public Security Police (PSP) and the National Republican Guard (GNR) participated in this study. For data collection, participants were asked to respond to a questionnaire consisting of a sociodemographic questions, the Beliefs on Sexual Violence Scale and a set of seven open-ended questions. The results showed that the criminal police have low levels of legitimation of beliefs about sexual violence and that there are statistically significant defferences between the GNR and the PSP in relation to these beliefs It was also verified that the criminal police do not have a careless behavior with victims with certais characteristics