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Dynamic debt with intensity-based models
Get PDFThis article proposes a dynamic debt model where the face value of debt can change. In particular, our dynamic debt setting allows debt changes ruled by intensity processes that are linked to the firm value through the correlation between the stochastic processes. Analytical solutions are obtained, and we extend the proposed dynamic debt model to the case of subordinated debt. While empirical behaviors are emulated, the impacts of dynamic debt over the credit spreads are explored. In this model, the possibility of debt increases magnifies credit spreads and the reverse occurs for the possibility of debt decreases.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Identifying Social factors that Stratify Health Opportunities and Outcomes (ISSHOOs) in pain research: Consensus recommendations for the collection and reporting of equity-relevant data
Get PDFBackground
The aspiration to improve health equity is fundamental to scholarly focus and action in public health, and highly relevant to addressing the global burden of pain–the leading contributor to disability worldwide. There is potential for advancement towards health equity to be facilitated by greater access to data that identifies the role of socio-demographic factors in pain and health outcomes.
Methods
The ‘Identifying Social factors that Stratify Health Opportunities and Outcomes (ISSHOOs) in Pain Research’ project was a multi-stage process that aimed to reach consensus on the most important equity-relevant items to include in all human adult pain research. Conducted April 2022–May 2025, it incorporated two scoping reviews (published 2023), an international Delphi study (published 2025), consensus meetings and focus groups; prioritising global participation, patient perspectives, and interdisciplinary expertise throughout.
Findings
Three hundred and four individuals from 45 countries, across six continents, contributed to developing two sets of items. Set A, the ‘minimum dataset’, is a globally relevant set of eight standardised socio-demographic items (age, sex, gender identity, place, race/ethnicity/cultural identity, education, financial position, work status), accompanied by concise guidance to assist implementation and setting-specific tailoring; Set B is an ‘extended dataset’ of optional items from which researchers can select items consistent with their study population and research questions. The ISSHOOs recommendations offer a culturally sensitive, cross-culturally relevant, practical and highly useful resource.
Interpretation
Routine adoption and clear reporting of the ISSHOOs datasets across all human adult pain research will lead to improved and harmonious descriptions of research participants across health equity domains. Our goal is to promote equity-relevant awareness and understanding, and ultimately drive progress towards reducing avoidable disparities in health for people with pain, with potential for broader application to other fields of health.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Leyendo vers une architecture, de otra manera
No full text“Reading Vers une architecture, Otherwise”, assembles two interviews with contemporary studio professors at the school, conducted by participants in the workshop. Their conversations offer a more personal and speculative register in which the book reappears not as a stable reference, but as a productive source of friction: a document to be revisited and disputed, whose shifting place in architectural education reveals the evolving contours—and the ongoing fragility—of the modern canon.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
«I’m a storyteller»: Interview with Jean-Louis Cohen
Get PDFJean-Louis Cohen was brought up during the Cold War in Paris, between the portraits of Einstein and Stalin, in a family of left-wing scientists. Regardless of having become an architect, a different professional career of his parents, they had inevitably marked his future. The rigorous way in which he later worked as an architectural historian is symptomatic of this, as is the way in which he maintained a heterodox left-wing ideology that accompanied him throughout his life. He studied in Paris at a time when it was possible to attend a lecture by the psychoanalyst Jacques Lacan, the philosopher Michel Foucault or the writer Roland Barthes within a 500-metre radius. But it was Jean Prouvé’s classes — who was, after all, a metalworker and self-taught architect — that made him realise that architecture is, above all, an activity of action and of construction. He started travelling at that time. Firstly, to visit works of architecture, and later to reveal them to the world (a task he never abandoned). With a unique critical sense, Cohen has spent his life dismantling some of the false and clear ideas on which Western historiography has been based. He has organised some of the most extraordinary architectural exhibitions of the 21st century, such as Architecture in Uniform: Designing and Building for the Second World War (2011), Le Corbusier: An Atlas of Modern Landscapes (2013), Modernity: Promise or Menace? (2014) or the most recent Building a new New World: Amerikanizm in Russian Architecture (2020). Jean-Louis Cohen was not just one of the most important contemporary architectural historians. He was much more than that. Given his eclectic nature he impersonated the architectural historian of contemporaneity himself. He left us unexpectedly on 7 August 2023. When we conducted this interview, we were far from knowing that it would be one of his last, nor that it would take place just before he gave one of his last lectures, as part of the PhD in Contemporary Architecture at the Autonomous University of Lisbon. In this interview, he portrayed himself as a storyteller, underscoring that his research evolves through the narrative act — whether in a classroom, an exhibition, or a book. The various mediums that characterised his prolific output were essentially tools for testing his thoughts and advancing toward his overarching goal: the pursuit of knowledge.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Uneasy tensions in research on local responses to large-scale solar plants: A critical and integrative review
Get PDFDriven by the construction of new large solar power plants, recent years have seen a boom in solar PV energy, with global capacity tripling between 2018 and 2023. By the end of this decade, solar is set to become the largest renewable energy source, surpassing both wind and hydropower. However, the growing number and scale of solar projects are raising concerns about their socio-ecological impacts and energy justice implications. Conflicts at deployment sites are becoming more frequent, challenging long-held assumptions about solar energy’s public acceptability. While research on social acceptance and energy justice has mainly focused on other technologies, there is now a growing body of social science work examining large-scale solar plants. Yet this literature remains fragmented: diverse methodologies, conceptual frameworks, and normative standpoints make it difficult to develop integrated understandings of why injustices and opposition occur, what solutions are being proposed, and how they are pursued. This article addresses these gaps through a critical and integrative review of 255 peer-reviewed studies that empirically examine large-scale solar deployment. We identify five overarching themes of research focused on institutions, perceptions, impacts, conflicts, and solutions. These themes are shaped not only by their research objects but also by distinct disciplinary knowledge and goals. By bridging these perspectives, we propose a critical and relational metatheoretical perspective that highlights new research directions and offers a basis for more holistic understanding and practice.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Neurodevelopmental disorders: Assessing and training working memory
Get PDFIt is vital that working memory capacity can be assessed and trained with motivating resources, in a personalized way in children with neurodevelopmental disorders. This paper illustrates the possibility of a serious game, such as WorM, to assess and train children’s working memory capacity. WorM was designed, developed and evaluated through three studies (Study 1: informative, Study 2: validation and Study 3: user studies). The first two qualitative studies employ in-depth interviews and focus group discussions, to identify, argue and validate suitable design aspects guided by interviews from teachers and psychologists. The third study presents the usefulness of WorM based on the Item Response Theory analysis and answers from 23 end-user, typical children. Examples of important design aspects identified in Study 1 revealed the role of captivating interests, customization, short duration, rewards, feedback and clear instructions for designing tasks with right images and sound effects. From these, Study 2 enhanced the role of interactive visual feedback for correct and incorrect sorting, using images, keyboard keys, multiple colors, or the phase of the trial. Study 3 illustrates how Correct Pepper Classification tasks show some variability in difficulty, where the range of difficulties was higher in the game tasks than in the standardized Childhood Executive Functioning Inventory (CHEXI) task, usually applied for identifying the NDD characteristics in the examined users. While both instruments showed good reliability with high Person and Item Separation Reliability and Cronbach’s alpha values, the findings of this paper suggest that serious games can offer promising prospects to provide meaningful contexts to assess and train working memory by the WorM game.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Leveraging AI and generative AI in urban design and planning: Unveiling advantages and challenges through problem structuring methods
Get PDFThe integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in general—and its subfield Generative AI (GenAI) in particular—into urban design and planning is revolutionizing traditional methodologies, providing innovative solutions to complex challenges in city development. Despite their transformative potential, existing research underscores a critical need to better understand the multifaceted advantages and challenges associated with these technologies. This study addresses this gap by investigating the causal relationships between the advantages and challenges of AI and GenAI integration in urban design and planning. Leveraging a novel combination of cognitive mapping and neutrosophic DEcision-MAking Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL), the research identifies and evaluates key factors shaping this integration. The findings reveal that dynamic digital city simulations and scenario modeling emerge as the most significant advantages, underscoring their capacity to drive data-informed innovation in urban development. Conversely, ethical concerns surface as the most critical challenge, exhibiting strong interdependencies with other issues, including the “black box” nature of AI systems and the biases embedded in training data. This study provides a comprehensive framework for understanding the interplay between these factors, offering actionable insights to guide both academic research and practical implementation. By addressing a pressing need in the field, the research paves the way for more responsible and effective applications of AI and GenAI in creating smarter, more sustainable urban environments.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
The effect of environment, social and governance on demand and supply of debt
Get PDFThis paper investigates how Environment, Social and Governance (ESG) performance affects the zero-leverage phenomenon. Using a sample of European-listed firms for the 2002–2020 period and bivariate probit models with partial observability, we find that a greater ESG performance decreases the firm’s propensity to have zero leverage. The negative effect of ESG performance on zero leverage is determined by creditors-related reasons and not by firms’ own decisions, since it only impacts significantly the supply of debt. Creditors seem to be willing to grant debt at more favourable conditions to firms with greater ESG performance. Using propensity score methods, we estimate that a greater ESG performance decreases a firm’s zero-leverage propensity by approximately 3.9% points.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Limits of personalization: The impact of Artificial Intelligence on brand perception
No full textThe evolution of artificial intelligence has demonstrated a strong impact on several industries, with particular emphasis on the marketing industry, where personalization is a key dimension. Therefore, brands have been focusing on the development of personalization, transforming each consumer experience. Personalization has facilitated the consumer decision-making process, converting it into an efficient and less stressful experience for consumers. Although some articles mention specific risks and benefits from this technology, there is a gap regarding the general perspective on the limits of personalization. This dissertation focuses on the understanding of how the use of personalization with artificial intelligence influences consumers’ brand perception and which are the key factors to balance with personalization. This study has an exploratory nature with a qualitative analysis. Therefore, twenty-six deep interviews were conducted with a Portuguese Gen Z sample, which allowed us to find that consumers expect personalization from brands and perceive it as a sign of care. Moreover, this study concludes that personalization should be balanced with several factors that shape the consumer perception: brand authenticity, consumer data privacy, and consumer autonomy. These insights provide valuable information for brands that aim to build or work in existing relationships with their consumers in the Portuguese market.A evolução da inteligência artificial tem demonstrado um forte impacto em todas as indústrias, com especial ênfase na indústria do marketing, onde a personalização é uma das dimensões-chave. Assim, as marcas têm-se focado no desenvolvimento da personalização, transformando a experiência do consumidor. A personalização tem facilitado o processo de decisão dos consumidores, convertendo-o num processo mais eficiente e menos stressante para os consumidores. Embora alguns artigos mencionem riscos e benefícios específicos desta tecnologia, existe uma lacuna relativamente à perspetiva geral nos limites da personalização. Esta dissertação foca-se em compreender de que forma o uso da personalização com inteligência artificial influencia a perceção da marca pelos consumidores e quais os fatores-chave a equilibrar com a personalização. Este estudo tem natureza exploratória com uma análise qualitativa. Desta forma, vinte e seis entrevistas foram realizadas com uma amostra de portugueses Gen Z, o que nos permitiu descobrir que os consumidores esperam personalização das marcas e percecionam como um sinal de cuidado. Adicionalmente, este estudo conclui que a personalização deve ser equilibrada com diversos fatores que moldam a perceção do consumidor: autenticidade da marca, privacidade do consumidor e autonomia do mesmo. Estas informações fornecem dados valiosos para as marcas que pretendem construir ou trabalhar em relações já existentes com consumidores no mercado português
As associadas do Montepio Geral (1880-1935): A previdência social das mulheres
Get PDFÉ nosso objetivo proceder a uma análise sociográfica das associadas do Montepio Geral – Associação Mutualista, no período que medeia entre 1880 e 1935. Propusemo-nos identificar quem foram as mutualistas, as suas ocupações/profissões, a idade média na altura da inscrição, os contextos sociofamiliares, o tempo médio de vida associativa e as causas de morte. Este estudo baseia-se em fontes primárias, nomeadamente nos livros onde se procedia ao registo de inscrição dos associados/as e nas fichas individuais das sócias que se inscreveram durante os referidos cinco decénios e meio, documentação que foi consultada no Arquivo Histórico do Montepio Geral – Associação Mutualista. Procedemos a um tratamento quantitativo dos dados recolhidos e à sua análise, enquadrada nos contextos socio-históricos e políticos vigentes no lapso temporal retido. Frequentemente, foi necessária uma crítica hermenêutica das fontes, decidindo-nos por manter nomenclaturas e conceitos das épocas. Captámos as continuidades e as ruturas ao longo dos diversos regimes políticos que atravessaram o período: final da Monarquia (1880-1909), Iª República (1910-1926), Ditadura Militar (1927-1932) e Estado Novo (1933-1935). Após a inventariação, tratamento e análise dos dados recolhidos, chegámos às conclusões que apresentaremos, designadamente que, dado o montante da subscrição inicial, se pressupõe estarmos perante uma associação direcionada predominantemente para mutualistas oriundas da pequena-burguesia e burguesia.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio