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The washback effect of external assessments and the COVID-19 pandemic: Perspectives of head teachers in Portugal
Get PDFExternal assessment of learning has been the subject of very different perspectives, conceptions, and assumptions. Considering the pressure that the existence of external assessments can generate over the functioning of education systems, some recognize benefits, and others point out negative and perverse effects of this pressure. In 2020, in most countries, the COVID-19 lockdowns involved the cancelation of large-scale external assessments in favour of teacher-built assessments. In 2023, a full reintroduction of external assessment of learning was discussed in Portugal, and the role of external assessments in the Portuguese education system was a hot topic of discussion in educational communities. In this post-pandemic context, where the pressure of external assessments has been temporarily relieved, we sought to know the point of view of Portuguese head teachers about the impact of this temporary external assessment suspension in schools. Moreover, we wanted to know, from the head teachers’ point of view, which should be the external assessment model to be implemented for the future. To do this, a series of 32 interviews were conducted with head teachers from all over the country. Results show that the pandemic has challenged the purposes and format of external assessments, highlighting different positions of value regarding its reintroduction in the Portuguese context.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Socio-spatial modelling of social services for older adults in Portugal: Implications for social work practice in an aging world
No full textUrbanization and an aging population challenges social service accessibility for older adults in Portugal. This study used socio-spatial modeling, integrating data from the Portuguese Social Charter and National Institute of Statistics, to evaluate service allocation and the mismatch with older adults’ needs. Geospatial and Multiple Linear Regression Models showed high demand and service saturation in urban centers like Lisbon, Porto, and Faro. Conversely, significant service gaps were identified in rural and inland regions. Lower utilization in economically weaker areas suggests a strong need for financial support. Findings suggest targeted regional planning for equitable resource allocation and better service provision.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio
A avaliação do desempenho como fator de motivação: O caso dos funcionários do Instituto de Financiamento da Agricultura e Pescas
No full textA presente investigação tem como objetivo principal analisar o grau e os elementos do Sistema Integrado de Avaliação do Desempenho na Administração Pública (SIADAP) que influenciam a motivação dos funcionários públicos portugueses ao longo dos seus quatro períodos de aplicação, focando-se nos colaboradores do Instituto de Financiamento da Agricultura e Pescas (IFAP).
Através da aplicação de um questionário a 176 trabalhadores, identificou-se as perceções críticas em relação ao SIADAP, nomeadamente, sobre a aplicação de quotas e do sistema de pontos, os quais são considerados desmotivadores e injustos. Por outro lado, fatores como o ambiente de trabalho, a segurança no emprego e a autonomia destacam-se como elementos motivadores. Apurou-se correlações positivas entre a perceção de justiça do SIADAP e a motivação para o trabalho em equipa, bem como entre a aceitação das quotas e a motivação em geral, embora esta última seja fraca. Contrariamente ao esperado, a participação na definição dos objetivos (motivação intrínseca) revelou-se positivamente correlacionada com as recompensas monetárias (motivação extrínseca). A revisão do SIADAP em 2024 teve um impacto positivo na motivação dos trabalhadores, especialmente devido ao aceleramento da progressão na carreira.
Os resultados sugerem a necessidade de reformas estruturais no SIADAP, com maior transparência e justiça, para potenciar a motivação e o desempenho no setor público. Assim, este estudo contribui para uma melhor compreensão dos desafios associados à avaliação do desempenho e propõe direções para o desenvolvimento de um sistema mais eficaz e motivador.The main objective of this research is to analyze the extent and the key elements of Public Administration Performance Appraisal Integrated System (SIADAP) that influence the motivation of portuguese civil servants throughout its four implementation phases, with a particular focus on the employees of Institute for Financing Agriculture and Fisheries (IFAP).
Through the application of a questionnaire to 176 civil servants, critical perceptions regarding SIADAP were identified, particularly concerning the application of quotas and the points system, which are perceived as demotivating and unfair. On the other hand, factors such as the work environment, job security and autonomy stand out as motivating elements. Positive correlations were found between the perception of fairness in the SIADAP and motivation for teamwork, as well as between the acceptance of quotas and overall motivation, although the latter was weak. Contrary to expectations, participation in goal-setting (intrinsic motivation) was found to be positively correlated with monetary rewards (extrinsic motivation). The 2024 revision of the SIADAP had a positive impact on employee motivation, particularly due to accelerated career progression.
The results suggest the need for structural reforms in the SIADAP, with greater transparency and fairness, in order to enhance motivation and performance in the public sector. This study contributes to understanding the challenges of performance appraisal and proposes pathways toward a more effective and motivating system
Prevention and prosecution of crime in the urban space: The Civil Police of Lisbon (1867-1910)
Get PDFEste artículo analiza la acción y las estrategias implementadas en Lisboa para prevenir y perseguir el crimen en un periodo de modernización y crecimiento de la ciudad. A partir de 1867, los componentes de una nueva fuerza policial, la Policía Civil de Lisboa, recorrieron las calles e intervinieron en la vida cotidiana de la población con la misión de mantener el orden y la seguridad de personas y bienes. El reglamento policial estableció un conjunto muy diversificado de actividades que los policías civiles debían desempeñar, con especial énfasis en la prevención y persecución de la criminalidad. Hasta 1910, la Policía Civil fue desarrollando dinámicas organizativas propias, aumentando el número de sus efectivos y constituyendo unidades especializadas, concretamente en funciones de investigación criminal, en un proceso similar al seguido por las policías de otras ciudades europeas y americanas. Tras la caída de la monarquía, el Cuerpo fue objeto de diversas reformas y pasó a tener una nueva denominación: «Policía Cívica». Utilizando un amplio conjunto de fuentes, datos estadísticos de la época, documentación policial y judicial, prensa y literatura, este artículo describe e interpreta la formación y consolidación de la Policía Civil de Lisboa como principal fuerza de prevención y represión del crimen, considerando sus dinámicas internas, las limitaciones de su actuación y la relación de sus integrantes con la población, la cual muchas veces opuso resistencia a sus intervenciones.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
A wearable IoT-based measurement system for real-time cardiovascular risk prediction using heart rate variability
Get PDFCardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of global mortality, with ischemic heart disease (IHD) being the most prevalent and deadly subtype. The growing burden of IHD underscores the urgent need for effective early detection methods that are scalable and non-invasive. Heart Rate Variability (HRV), a non-invasive physiological marker influenced by the autonomic nervous system (ANS), has shown clinical relevance in predicting adverse cardiac events. This study presents a photoplethysmography (PPG)-based Zhurek IoT device, a custom-developed Internet of Things (IoT) device for non-invasive HRV monitoring. The platform’s effectiveness was evaluated using HRV metrics from electrocardiography (ECG) and PPG signals, with machine learning (ML) models applied to the task of early IHD risk detection. ML classifiers were trained on HRV features, and the Random Forest (RF) model achieved the highest classification accuracy of 90.82%, precision of 92.11%, and recall of 91.00% when tested on real data. The model demonstrated excellent discriminative ability with an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.98, reaching a sensitivity of 88% and specificity of 100% at its optimal threshold. The preliminary results suggest that data collected with the “Zhurek” IoT devices are promising for the further development of ML models for IHD risk detection. This study aimed to address the limitations of previous work, such as small datasets and a lack of validation, by utilizing real and synthetically augmented data (conditional tabular GAN (CTGAN)), as well as multi-sensor input (ECG and PPG). The findings of this pilot study can serve as a starting point for developing scalable, remote, and cost-effective screening systems. The further integration of wearable devices and intelligent algorithms is a promising direction for improving routine monitoring and advancing preventative cardiology.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Development and validation of a Satisfaction Questionnaire for Performance Appraisal Evaluation (SQPAE): A measurement instrument
Get PDFBackground
Performance appraisal (PA) plays a crucial role in human resource management by guiding professional development and informing decisions on promotions, compensation, and training. Employee satisfaction with the PA process is essential, as it affects motivation, engagement, and productivity. to effectively assess satisfaction with PA remain scarce.
Main body
The Satisfaction Questionnaire for Performance Appraisal Evaluation (SQPAE) was developed to assess three core dimensions of satisfaction with PA: (a) the procedures involved, (b) the perceived effectiveness of the process, and (c) the feedback received.
Objective
To develop and validate a reliable instrument for assessing employee satisfaction with PA and to identify its key contributing factors.
Methods
The research comprised four studies.Study 1 focused on item development and expert validation. Study 2 applied exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to identify the structure and psychometric properties of the instrument. Study 3 confirmed the structure through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) in an independent sample. Study 4 examined how the SQPAE components and different appraisal sources influence employee satisfaction. Data were collected via surveys in private-sector organisations, and statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS and AMOS.
Results
The SQPAE demonstrated high reliability and validity. Feedback emerged as the strongest predictor of satisfaction with appraisal outcomes. Additionally, evaluations conducted by supervisors and peers were positively associated with satisfaction, while evaluations by subordinates showed a negative association.
Conclusion
The SQPAE is a valid and reliable tool for assessing employee satisfaction with PA and offers a robust alternative to existing instruments. It can support organisations in improving PA processes to enhance employee engagement and performance. Future studies should examine its applicability across different organisational settings, hierarchical levels, and sectors.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Factors influencing Generation Z consumer behavior towards sustainable packaging in the french cosmetic sector
No full textThis research takes place in a context where environmental concerns, regulatory pressures and changing consumer expectations are profoundly transforming the sector. Packaging, long perceived as functional, is now considered a central indicator of brands' environmental responsibility.
This study investigates the main factors influencing the behaviour of Generation Z consumers in France regarding sustainable cosmetic packaging. To answer this investigation, the study uses the Theory of Planned Behavior (Ajzen, 1991) and the Value-Belief-Norm Theory (Stern et al., 1999). A quantitative survey was conducted using an online questionnaire distributed to French Generation Z respondents.
The results show that favourable attitudes, high environmental awareness and social influence are significant drivers of purchase intention. However, aesthetic perception and price sensitivity appear to be ambivalent factors which can act as both levers and barriers. The credibility of labels and storytelling plays an important but uneven role due to a certain scepticism about greenwashing. Finally, the study confirms the existence of an intention–behaviour gap showing that positive intentions do not systematically translate into actual purchasing behaviours due to financial, practical or product availability constraints. This research contributes to the literature by applying behavioural models to the specific case of sustainable packaging in French cosmetics.Esta investigação decorre num contexto em que as preocupações ambientais, as pressões regulatórias e as mudanças nas expectativas dos consumidores estão a transformar profundamente o setor. As embalagens, há muito consideradas um simples elemento funcional, são agora vistas como um indicador central da responsabilidade ambiental das marcas.
Este estudo investiga os principais fatores que influenciam o comportamento dos consumidores da Geração Z em França no que diz respeito às embalagens sustentáveis de cosméticos. Para responder a esta investigação, o estudo utiliza a Teoria do Comportamento Planeado (Ajzen, 1991) e a Teoria do Valor-Crença-Norma (Stern et al., 1999). Foi realizada uma pesquisa quantitativa utilizando um questionário online distribuído a inquiridos franceses da Geração Z.
Os resultados mostram que atitudes favoráveis, alta consciência ambiental e influência social são fatores significativos da intenção de compra. No entanto, a percepção estética e a sensibilidade ao preço parecem ser fatores ambivalentes que podem atuar tanto como alavancas quanto como barreiras. A credibilidade dos rótulos e a narrativa desempenham um papel importante, mas desigual, devido a um certo ceticismo em relação ao greenwashing. Por fim, o estudo confirma a existência de uma lacuna entre intenção e comportamento, mostrando que intenções positivas não se traduzem sistematicamente em comportamentos de compra reais devido a restrições financeiras, práticas ou de disponibilidade do produto. Esta pesquisa contribui para a literatura ao aplicar modelos comportamentais ao caso específico das embalagens sustentáveis em cosméticos franceses
How leadership and team derived inclusion influence team trust consensus in multicultural hybrid teams: A moderated mediation model
No full textThis dissertation explores how inclusive leadership may foster team trust consensus in hybrid, multicultural teams through members' shared sense that their uniqueness is seen and valued (i.e., team-derived inclusion). Drawing on a sample of 117 employees and 31 team leaders, the study investigated two leadership behaviours: encouraging all team members to express their uniqueness (harvesting the benefits of diversity) and promoting shared beliefs about the value of diversity (cultivating value-in-diversity beliefs). Although the proposed research model was not supported, the findings highlight the complexity of inclusive leadership in the context of hybrid teams. Specifically, results suggest that the relationship between leadership, inclusion and trust consensus may be more nuanced than previously anticipated. Ultimately, this study offers direction for future research on trust development in diverse, virtual teams.Esta dissertação explora a forma como a liderança inclusiva pode promover o consenso da confiança da equipa em equipas híbridas e multiculturais, através do sentimento partilhado pelos membros de que a sua singularidade é vista e valorizada (i.e., inclusão derivada da equipa). Com base numa amostra de 117 colaboradores e 31 líderes de equipa, o estudo investigou dois comportamentos de liderança: encorajar todos os membros da equipa a expressarem a sua singularidade (colher os benefícios da diversidade) e promover crenças partilhadas sobre o valor da diversidade (cultivar crenças de valor na diversidade). Embora o modelo de investigação proposto não tenha sido apoiado, os resultados realçam a complexidade da liderança inclusiva no contexto das equipas híbridas. Especificamente, os resultados sugerem que a relação entre liderança, inclusão e consenso de confiança pode ser mais complexa do que o previsto anteriormente. Em última análise, este estudo oferece uma orientação para a investigação futura sobre o desenvolvimento da confiança em equipas virtuais e diversificadas
The role of arts and culture in urban regeneration of post-industrial eastern Lisbon
Get PDFThe urban regeneration of the post-industrial areas of Marvila and Beato, in Lisbon, provides an exemplary context for analysing contemporary urban transformations. This study explores the role of culture and artistic activities in urban regeneration through the Meeting with Cultural Agents from Marvila and Beato, a workshop that was part of European project ROCK (Regeneration and Optimisation of Cultural Heritage in Creative and Knowledge Cities). Our findings highlight how urban transformations are driven by economic interests, coupled with institutional and socio-spatial fragmentation. We argue that such outcomes may compromise the active involvement of local communities and reduce social cohesion within the territory. Through the application of a qualitative methodology involving cultural agents in Marvila and Beato, this study underscores the potential of culture as a catalyst for urban transformation, while also identifying risks of exclusion resulting from gentrification and commodification processes. Our case study reveals that the areas along the river have attracted significant investment, contributing to the creation of a new cultural and economic hub. However, this type of urban development has predominantly favoured private-led regeneration initiatives at the expense of social cohesion, thereby jeopardising local identities. We aim to contribute to the ongoing debate on urban policies by offering insights into the challenges of urban regeneration in post-industrial contexts and the opportunities for integrative strategies that combine economic development, social inclusion, and the protection of cultural heritage. Coordination among local actors, institutions, and private entities through the activation of participatory processes and the establishment of platforms for cultural collaboration is essential in this regard.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio