Publikationer från Sophiahemmets Högskola
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Factors associated with self-care behaviors in persons with heart failure : A literature review
No full textBakgrund: Hjärtsvikt är ett folkhälsoproblem med hög mortalitet och besvärande symtom som drabbar cirka 64 miljoner människor världen över. Hjärtsvikt orsakar försämrad livskvalitet, upprepade sjukhusinläggningar, förtidig död och onödigt lidande för personen men skapar även konsekvenser för de anhöriga och samhället. En välfungerande egenvård leder till lägre antal sjukhusinläggningar, lägre dödlighet och förbättrad livskvalitet på grund av bättre symtomkontroll och generellt mående. Egenvård vid hjärtsvikt är inte en specifik livsstil utan grundar sig på att personen erhåller tillräckligt med information och kunskap för att kunna förstå vilka faktorer som har samband med egenvårdsbeteenden och erhålla förmågan att anpassa faktorerna för att förbättra måendet. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva faktorer som har samband med egenvårdsbeteenden hos personer med hjärtsvikt. Metod: En allmän litteraturstudie med systematisk sökstrategi utfördes i fyra databaser, CINAHL, PubMed, DOAJ och PsycINFO. För att besvara syftet inkluderades 23 artiklar med kvalitativ, kvantitativ och mixad metod. Dataanalys gjordes genom integrerad analys enligt Kristensson. Resultat: Fem huvudteman och 14 underteman framkom ur resultatet. Huvudtemana var sociodemografiska faktorer, psykosociala faktorer, kognitiva faktorer, sociokulturella faktorer och hälsorelaterade faktorer. Slutsats: Flera olika faktorer har samband med egenvårdsbeteenden hos personer med hjärtsvikt och sambandet skiljer sig mellan personer och egenvårdsåtgärder. Stöd, kunskap och känslor har avgörande samband med egenvårdsbeteenden. Background: Heart failure is a widespread syndrome with high mortality and bothersome symptoms, affecting approximately 64 million people worldwide. Heart failure causes reduced quality of life, repetitive hospitalizations, premature death and unnecessary suffering for the affected persons, while also creating consequences for their relatives and society. Effective self-care leads to fewer hospitalizations, lower mortality, and improved quality of life due to better symptom control and general well-being. Self-care in heart failure is not a specific lifestyle but is based on the person receiving adequate information and knowledge to understand the factors affecting self-care behavior and gaining the ability to adjust these factors to improve well-being. Aim: The aim was to describe the factors associated with selfcare behaviors in persons with heart failure. Method: A general literature review with a systematic search strategy was conducted in four databases, CINAHL, PubMed, DOAJ and PsycInfo. To answer the aim, a total of 23 articles were included, using qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods. Data analysis was conducted through integrated analysis by Kristensson. Results: Five main themes and 14 sub-themes emerged from the results. The main themes were sociodemographic factors, psychosocial factors, cognitive factors, sociocultural factors and health related factors. Conclusion: Several different factors are associated with self-care behaviors in people with heart failure, and the relationship varies between individuals and self-care actions. Support, knowledge and emotions have crucial connections with self-care behaviors.
The effect of MediYoga on sleep-quality, blood pressure and quality of life among older people with hypertension : Study protocol of a pragmatic randomized controlled trial
No full textBACKGROUND: High blood pressure (BP) is a common condition that is estimated to soon affect one third of the worlds' population. Poor subjective sleep quality is shown to be associated with an elevated risk of high BP, though it is a risk factor that can be modified. Yoga can be used as a complementary therapy to lower BP, but more knowledge on duration and intensity are needed. The overall aim is to test the effect of an online yoga intervention as a complementary therapy. The objectives are to: (1) Test whether online yoga can improve sleep quality, health related quality of life, and lower BP. (2) To explore and describe the implementation of online yoga and the participants' experiences and perspectives on the intervention in a process evaluation. METHODS: A pragmatic randomized controlled trial will be conducted. The study is described in accordance with the SPIRIT guidelines (Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials) and results will be reported following the CONSORT (CONsolidated Standards Of Reporting Trials) guidelines for pragmatic trials. The study is designed as a three arm, randomized superiority trial. INCLUSION CRITERIA: ≥65 years old, diagnosed with high BP, speaking and reading Danish, able to consent, no comorbidity that restricts them from participating in the intervention, and daily access to a smartphone or tablet. Participants will be randomly assigned to (i) control group which will be receiving treatment as usual (TAU), or to one of two intervention-groups (ii) performing yoga twice a week for 20 min (20 MIN) or (iii) 40 min (40 MIN) for a total of 10 weeks in addition to TAU. The primary outcome is sleep quality measured by the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index and secondary outcomes include health related quality of life and BP. Analysis will present differences between groups and be carried out by a statistician blinded to group allocation. DISCUSSION: The study is grounded in the urgent need to address high BP since pharmacological interventions remain the primary treatment modality, the exploration of non-pharmacological strategies, such as yoga, offers a promising avenue for enhancing patient outcomes in a holistic manner. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT06553820. Protocol version 1. 13th November 2024
”Emergency care or primary care?” : A mapping of parents' decision-making processes and challenges that arise when navigating pediatric healthcare
No full textStudier har visat att en del vårdnadshavare uppsöker akutsjukvården när sina barn drabbas av tillstånd som ur medicinskt perspektiv anses kunna handläggas inom primärvården. Vårdsystem delas generellt in i olika vårdnivåer och verksamheter som bland annat primärvård och akutsjukvård. Dessa olika verksamheter varierar gällande målsättningar och patientgrupperna de handlägger och därmed resurserna de har tillgång till. Olämpliga vårdval anses ha konsekvenser som överbelastning på akutmottagningar, problematisk resursfördelning och minskad vårdkvalitet. Syftet med denna studie var att kartlägga faktorerna som påverkar beslutsprocesserna och sökbeteendet av vårdnadshavare som vänder sig till akutsjukvården när sina barn drabbas av lindrigare sjukdomstillstånd och skador. Metoden bestod av en allmän litteraturöversikt med systematisk ansats. Datainsamlingen skedde genom strukturerade sökningar i databaserna CINAHL och PubMed. Tjugo vetenskapliga artiklar inkluderades efter en systematisk kvalitetsgranskning och analyserades med en integrerad analysmetod. Resultatet presenteras under tre kategorier som beskriver anledningar till att vårdnadshavare söker akutsjukvård för sina barn, även vid lindriga tillstånd. Vårdnadshavare beskriver upplevelsen att sjukdomstillståndet kräver snabb medicinsk bedömning eller osäkerhet kring sjukdomstillståndets allvarlighetsgrad. Bedömningssvårigheter leder ofta till en överskattning av behovet av akut vård. Oro för att tillståndet kan förvärras och behovet av att dela ansvaret med sjukvårdspersonal är ytterligare drivkrafter bakom akutvårdssökande. Förtroendet i sina förmågor att utföra egenvård varierar, där särskilt feber och andningsbesvär orsakar oro. Tidigare erfarenheter, socialt stöd och tillgång till primärvården påverkar vårdnadshavares vårdsökande. Begränsningar i primärvårdens tillgänglighet och bristande förtroende för dess personal bidrar till att en del väljer akutmottagningen snarare än primärvården. Slutsatsen var att de behoven som gör att vårdnadshavare väljer att söka till akutsjukvården är multidimensionella, och att bemötandet av dessa personer således bör ske utifrån ett multidimensionellt förhållningssätt. Förbättrad information om egenvård, lättillgängliga vårdalternativ och stärkta primärvårdsresurser kan minska onödiga akutbesök och främja en mer effektiv användning av vårdsystemet.Studies have shown that some caregivers seek emergency medical care when their children experience conditions that, from a medical perspective, are considered manageable within primary care. Healthcare systems are generally divided into different levels of care and services, including primary care and emergency care. These different services vary in terms of their objectives, the patient groups they manage, and the resources available to them. When caregivers seek health care at healthcare provider that is inapproriate for their health concerns, it is believed to have consequences such as crowding in emergency departments, problematic resource allocation, and reduced quality of care. The aim of this study was to map the factors influencing the decision-making processes and healthcare-seeking behavior of caregivers who turn to emergency care when their children experience minor illnesses and injuries. The method consisted of a general literature review with a systematic approach. Data collection was conducted through structured searches in the CINAHL and PubMed databases. Twenty scientific articles were included after a systematic quality assessment and analyzed using an integrated analysis method. The results are presented under three overarching categories describing the reasons why caregivers seek emergency care for their children, even in cases of minor conditions. Caregivers describe perceiving the illness as requiring urgent medical assessment or experiencing uncertainty regarding the severity of the condition. Difficulties in assessment often lead to an overestimation of the need for emergency care. Concerns about potential deterioration of the condition and the need to share responsibility with healthcare professionals are additional driving factors behind seeking emergency care. Confidence in their ability to perform self-care varies, with fever and respiratory distress being particular sources of concern. Previous experiences, social support, and access to primary care influence caregivers’ healthcare-seeking behavior. Limitations in the accessibility of primary care and a lack of trust in its personnel contribute to some caregivers opting for emergency departments instead of primary care services. The conclusion was that the needs prompting caregivers to seek emergency medical care are multidimensional. Consequently, the approach to addressing these individuals should also be multidimensional. Enhanced information on self-care, accessible alternative healthcare options, and strengthened primary care resources may reduce unnecessary emergency visits and promote a more efficient utilization of the healthcare system
"Try to keep things going" - Use of various resources to balance between caregiving and other aspects of life : An interview study with informal caregivers of persons living with brain tumors in Sweden
No full textPURPOSE: Persons living with brain tumors may experience severe impairment, requiring social support (i.e., informal care). Although informal caregiving can be rewarding, it can also lead to physical or psychological burdens. The aim of this study was to explore how informal caregivers of persons living with brain tumors use resources available to them, including social support, to balance caregiving with other aspects of life. METHODS: Sixteen informal caregivers (14 partners, two adult children) of persons living with brain tumors, varied in gender (10 female, six male), age (26-79 years), and caregiving experience (1-20 years) were interviewed. Data were analyzed using conventional content analysis. FINDINGS: We generated nine categories representing informal caregivers' strategies grouped by resources used. Intrapersonal resources were used for: Flexibly adjusting to changing life situations; Separating the care recipient from the illness; and Reflectively renegotiating self-expectations. Interpersonal resources were used for: Coping together with the care recipient; Sharing responsibilities within the family; Seeking guidance from persons in similar situations; and Grouping social relations by function. Healthcare and community resources were used for: Active collaborations with healthcare staff and Accessing professional and community resources for mental well-being. CONCLUSIONS: Informal caregivers used their intrapersonal, interpersonal, and healthcare and community resources in various ways for mainly emotional and instrumental support. More informational support from healthcare was desired, indicating that healthcare services, along with patient and caregiver organizations, may be able to enhance such support for informal caregivers. This could, in turn, allow more flexibility to manage caregiving alongside other life commitments
Experiences of self-care among individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus : A literature review
No full textBakgrund Diabetes mellitus typ 2 är en sjukdom vars incidens stadigt ökar världen över. En stor del av behandlingen utgörs av egenvård i form av exempelvis egenmätning av blodglukos, kostomläggning och ökad fysisk aktivitet. Sjukdomen medför därmed ett påtagligt egenvårdskrav med förändrade levnadsvanor. Sjuksköterskan har däri ett ansvar att stärka personens egenvårdsförmåga. I ljuset av detta finns ett behov av att belysa personers subjektiva upplevelser av egenvården, för att främja personcentrerad omvårdnad. Syfte Syftet var att beskriva upplevelser av egenvård hos personer med diabetes mellitus typ 2. Metod Icke-systematisk litteraturöversikt baserad på 12 vetenskapliga originalartiklar med kvalitativ ansats. Med hjälp av olika sökblock innehållande för ämnet väsentliga sökord förvärvades artiklar från databaserna PubMed och CINAHL. Alla inkluderade artiklar genomgick en kvalitetsgranskning utifrån Sophiahemmet Högskolas bedömningsunderlag. Resultatet tematiserades och analyserades med hjälp av integrerad dataanalys. Resultat Två huvudkategorier med vardera två underkategorier presenterades: Upplevelser av egenvårdens genomförande med underkategorierna Praktisk implementering av livsstilsförändringar och Upplevelser av psykologiska påverkansfaktorer samt Upplevelserav stöd från omgivningen med underkategorierna Stöd från hälso- och sjukvården och Stöd från närstående. Majoriteten av deltagarna upplevde egenvård vid diabetes mellitus typ 2 som utmanande. Den försvårades bland annat av motstånd till livsstilsförändringar, rädsla och otillräckligt stöd. Genom att acceptera sin sjukdom och börja se resultatet av sina livsstilsförändringar kunde dock ökad motivation uppnås. Vidare upplevdes kontakten med hälso- och sjukvården spela stor roll för egenvårdsförmågan. Om sjuksköterskan upplevdes utföra omvårdnad genom att på ett personcentrerat sätt stötta och utbilda personen ökade självtilliten och motivationen till egenvård. Slutsats Upplevelsen av egenvård vid diabetes mellitus typ 2 påverkas av en rad olika faktorer. Genom att sjuksköterskan tar hänsyn till dessa och arbetar på ett sätt som gynnar personens egenvårdsförmåga främjas motivationen till och resultatet av egenvården.Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a disease with an incidence that is steadily increasing worldwide. A large part of its management consists of self-care activities such as self-monitoring of blood glucose, dietary modification, and increased physical activity. The disease therefore entails a considerable demand for self-care and adaptation to new lifestyle habits. The nurse has a responsibility to strengthen the individual’s capacity for self-care. In light of this, there is a need to illuminate individuals’ subjective experiences of self-care in order to promote person-centered nursing. Aim The aim of this study was to describe the experiences of self-care among individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Method Non-systematic literature review based on 12 peer-reviewed original articles employing a qualitative approach. Articles were retrieved from the PubMed and CINAHL databases using various search blocks containing keywords relevant to the topic. All included articles underwent quality assessment according to the evaluation framework of Sophiahemmet University. The findings were thematized and analyzed using an integrated data analysis approach. Results Two main categories, each with two subcategories, were identified: Experiences of performing self-care, with the subcategories Implementing lifestyle changes and Experiences of psychological influencing factors, and Experiences of support from the surroundings, with the subcategories Support from healthcare services and Support from next of kin. Most participants perceived self-care in type 2 diabetes mellitus as challenging. It was hindered by, among other factors, resistance to lifestyle changes, fear, and insufficient support. However, by accepting their illness and beginning to see the results of their lifestyle modifications, participants reported increased motivation. Furthermore, contact with healthcare services was experienced as highly influential for self-care ability. When nurses were perceived as providing care in a person-centered manner, offering support and education, the individuals’ self-efficacy and motivation for self-care increased. Conclusions The experience of self-care in type 2 diabetes mellitus is influenced by a variety of factors. By taking these into account and working in a way that supports the person’s self-care ability, the nurse can promote both motivation for and the outcomes of self-care
The experience of self-care among adults with diabetes mellitus type 2 : A non-systematic litterature overview
No full textBakgrund Diabetes mellitus typ 2 är en drastiskt ökande folkhälsosjukdom globalt. Det finns ett starkt samband mellan sjukdomen och osunda livsstilsvanor samt hereditet. Diabetes mellitus typ 2 kan leda till allvarliga komplikationer såsom nervskador, hjärt- och kärlsjukdomar samt tidig död. Egenvården är därför en central del av sjukdomshanteringen. Essentiella delar av egenvård vid diabetes mellitus innefattar; kost, fysisk aktivitet, övervakning av glukosnivåer och farmakologisk behandling. Sjuksköterskans roll är avgörande för att främja egenvården hos de drabbade. Utbildning och vägledning med ett personcentrerat förhållningssätt är betydelsefullt för att öka personens delaktighet. Dorothea Orems egenvårdsteori belyser vikten av egenvård för en god livskvalitet. Syfte Syftet var att beskriva vuxna personers upplevelser av egenvård vid diabetes mellitus typ 2. Metod Metoden var en icke-systematiskt litteraturöversikt inkluderande tio vetenskapliga artiklar från databaserna PubMed och CINAHL. Sophiahemmet Högskolas granskningsmall Berg och Willman användes för kvalitetsgranskning av vetenskapliga artiklar. Resultatet delades in i två huvudkategorier och sex underkategorier. Resultat Det fanns många hinder för egenvård hos personer med diabetes mellitus typ 2. Kostanpassningar, fysisk aktivitet, övervakning av glukosnivåer samt farmakologisk behandling präglades av sociala och kulturella aspekter, ekonomiska begräsningar, arbetsförhållande, familjeliv, kunskapsbrist och annat. Närstående samt hälso- och sjukvården utgjorde viktiga resurser genom utbildning, vägledning, uppmuntran, motivation och socialt stöd vilket ökade förmågan till egenvårdsåtgärder. Slutsats Egenvård vid diabetes mellitus typ 2 påverkas av flera faktorer. Personcentrerat stöd och utbildning i både teoretiska och praktiska delar är betydelsefullt för egenvårdsförmågan. För att främja jämlik och hållbar egenvård bör vården ta hänsyn till individuella förutsättningar.Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a rapidly increasing public health disease globally. There is a strong association between the disease and unhealthy lifestyle habits as well as heredity. Type 2 diabetes mellitus can lead to serious complications such as nerve damage, cardiovascular diseases and premature death. Self-care is therefore a central part of the disease management. Essential parts of self-care in diabetes mellitus include diet, physical activity, monitoring of glucose levels and pharmacological treatment. The nurse's role is crucial in promoting self-care among those affected. Education and guidance with a person-centered approach are important to increase the individual's participation. Dorothea Orem's self-care theory highlights the importance of self-care for a good quality of life. Aim The aim was to describe the experience of self-care amongst adults with diabetes mellitus type 2. Method The method was a non-systematic literature review including ten scientific articles from the databases PubMed and CINAHL. Sophiahemmet University's review template by Berg and Willman was used for quality assessment of the scientific articles. The results were divided into two main categories and six subcategories. Results There were many barriers to self-care among individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Dietary adjustments, physical activity, monitoring of glucose levels, as well as pharmacological treatment were influenced by social and cultural factors, economic limitations, work conditions, family life, lack of knowledge, and other factors. Relatives, as well as healthcare professionals, constituted important resources through education, guidance, encouragement, motivation, and social support, which increased the capacity for self-care measures. Conclusions Self-care in type 2 diabetes mellitus is influenced by several factors. Person-centered support and education in both theoretical and practical aspects are essential for self-care skills. To promote equitable and sustainable self-care, healthcare should take individual circumstances into account
Living with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) : A non-systematic literature review
No full textBakgrund Amyotrofisk lateralskleros (ALS) är en obotlig neurodegenerativ sjukdom som successivt leder till förlust av muskelkontroll, autonomi och livskvalitet. Att insjukna i ALS innebär stora fysiska, psykiska och existentiella utmaningar för den enskilda individen.Omvårdnaden vid ALS behöver utgå från ett personcentrerat förhållningssätt. Sjuksköterskans ansvar blir att se hela personen bakom sjukdomen, främja autonomi samt skapa trygghet. Tidigare forskning fokuserar främst på sjukdomsförlopp, vårdbehov och ekonomiska konsekvenser vid ALS, därför saknas kunskap kring upplevelser hos personer med ALS. Detta motiverar behovet av denna studie. Syfte Syftet med detta examensarbete var att beskriva upplevelsen av att leva med ALS. Metod Studien genomfördes som en icke-systematisk litteraturöversikt baserad på 16 vetenskapliga artiklar, publicerade mellan 2015 och 2025. Sökningarna utfördes i databaserna PubMed och CINAHL. Artiklarna kvalitetsgranskades med SophiahemmetHögskolas bedömningsunderlag och analyserades genom en integrerad analys. Resultat Personer med ALS beskrev hur förlusten av kroppsliga funktioner ledde till minskad autonomi, vilket väckte känslor av maktlöshet och oro inför framtiden. Samtidigt framträdde psykologiska och existentiella processer där acceptans, hopp och meningsskapande blev centrala strategier för att hantera sjukdomens konsekvenser. Anpassningsstrategier såsom att planera framåt, fokusera på nuet och upprätthålla meningsfulla aktiviteter bidrog till att bevara livskvalitet och en känsla av kontroll, närståendes stöd och ett empatiskt bemötande i vården kunde förstärka känslan av trygghet, medan brister i kommunikation och stöd ökade risken för lidande. Slutsats Att leva med ALS innebär ett påtagligt lidande men också en strävan efter att bevara livskvalitet, autonomi och hopp. Personernas egna upplevelser präglas av både förluster och resurser, där vården har en central roll genom att erbjuda kontinuitet, empati och personcentrerat stöd som stärker individens förmåga att hantera sjukdomen.Background Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an incurable neurodegenerative disease that progressively leads to loss of muscle control, autonomy and quality of life. Living with ALS involves profound physical, psychological and existential challenges for the individual. Nursing care for individuals with ALS should be based on a person-centered approach. The nurse’s responsibility is to see the whole person behind the disease, promoteautonomy and create a sense of security. Previous research mainly focuses on the progression of the disease, care needs, and economic consequences of ALS, thereforeknowledge about the experiences of people with ALS is lacking. This motivates the need for this study. Aim The aim of this study was to describe experiences of living with ALS. Method The study was conducted as a non-systematic literature review based on 16 research articles, published between 2015 and 2025. Searches were conducted in the PubMed and CINAHL databases. The articles were critically appraised using Sophiahemmet University College’s assessment tool and was analyzed through an integrated analysis. Results Individuals with ALS described how the loss of bodily functions and autonomy evoked feelings of powerlessness and anxiety about the future. At the same time psychological and existential processes such as acceptance, hope and meaning making emerged as central strategies for coping with illness. Strategies such as planning ahead, focusing on the present and engaging in meaningful activities contributed to preserving quality of life and a sense of control. Support from relatives and empathetic encounters in healthcare enhancedfeelings of security while lack of communication and insufficient support increased the risk of suffering. Conclusions Living with ALS involves significant suffering but also a persistent effort to maintain quality of life, autonomy and hope. Individuals' experiences are characterized by both loss and resilience where healthcare plays an important role by providing continuity, empathy and person-centered support that strengthens the individual's ability to cope with the disease.
Person-centred nursing in allogeneic stem cell transplantation using a conversation tool : A qualitative study
No full textBACKGROUND: Patients undergoing allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HCT) often face complex and evolving needs throughout recovery. Person-centred nursing (PCN) is essential in this context yet remains underexplored in specialised care settings. In Sweden, the Assessment of Rehabilitation Needs Checklist (ARNC) is commonly used in cancer care, but its role in supporting person-centred conversations has not been investigated. AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate how the use of the ARNC as a conversation tool promotes PCN within the allo-HCT context. METHODS: This qualitative study was conducted at two major allo-HCT centers in Sweden. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with patients (n = 16), focus group discussions with registered nurses (RNs, n = 16), and from 30 memos written by RNs. Reflexive thematic analysis was used. RESULTS: Three overarching themes were developed: (1) Letting the Story Emerge, (2) Unmet Needs and (3) Structural Gaps in Practice. The ARNC facilitated individualised conversations and helped identify unmet needs, including sensitive or previously unvoiced concerns. However, the lack of follow-up and organisational constraints, such as time pressure and fragmented care settings, limited its capacity to support shared care planning and sustained engagement. CONCLUSION: When used in dialogue, the ARNC has the potential to support person-centred nursing in allo-HCT by enabling narrative-based, needs-driven conversations. However, its effectiveness depends on structured follow-up and organisational conditions that promote relational care
An unhealthy lifestyle and incident activity-limiting neck and back problems in university students : The Sustainable UNiversity Life (SUN) study
No full textBackground: Neck and back pain are common musculoskeletal conditions in university students and associated with unhealthy lifestyle behaviors such as physical inactivity, unhealthy dietary habits, smoking and risky alcohol use. Cohort studies have investigated the effect of a healthy lifestyle including several lifestyle behaviors on the risk and prognosis for neck and back pain. Studies of an association between an unhealthy lifestyle and musculoskeletal conditions in university students are lacking. This study aimed to assess the association between an unhealthy lifestyle and incident activity-limiting neck/back problems (ALNBP) in university students. Methods: Participants enrolled in the Sustainable UNiversity Life (SUN) study who did not report baseline ALNBP in the past three months were included (n = 3492). The baseline web-survey assessed unhealthy lifestyle behaviors (physical inactivity, high sitting time, meal skipping and risky use of alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drugs) with valid instruments and single-item questions. Participants with ≥ 3 unhealthy lifestyle behaviors were categorized as exposed to an unhealthy lifestyle. Responses to web-based follow-up surveys every third month until first reporting ALNBP or to the end of the one-year follow-up were used. The outcome ALNBP was defined as reporting limitations in daily activities due to a neck, low back and/or midback problem the past three months, assessed with a modified version of the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire. Crude and adjusted Cox regression models were built to assess the association between an unhealthy lifestyle and incident ALNBP, reported as a hazard rate ratio (HRR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: Sixty percent of the participants were women, and the mean age was 24.5 ± 6.0 years. A total of 574 participants (16%) were exposed to an unhealthy lifestyle at baseline. Having an unhealthy lifestyle generated an adjusted HRR of 1.35 (95% CI 1.12, 1.63) for incident ALNBP, compared to not having an unhealthy lifestyle. Conclusions: An unhealthy lifestyle, categorized as ≥ 3 unhealthy lifestyle behaviors, is associated with incident ALNBP in university students.As manuscript in dissertation.</p
Experiences of loneliness among older adults in ordinary home setting : A literature review
No full textBakgrund Med en globalt åldrande befolkning är ofrivillig ensamhet ett växande folkhälsoproblem som drabbar många äldre. Detta påverkar inte bara en persons livskvalitet, utan leder även till ökade behov inom vård och omsorg. Problematiken förbises ofta inom vård och omsorg på grund av bristande kunskap och tidsbrist hos vårdpersonal. Att förstå och adressera ensamhetens påverkan på äldre är därför avgörande för att förbättra vårdinsatser och främja en personcentrerad omvårdnad. Syfte Syftet var att beskriva upplevelser av ofrivillig ensamhet hos personer över 65 år i ordinärt boende. Metod En icke-systematisk litteraturöversikt genomfördes baserat på 11 vetenskapliga originalartiklar med kvalitativ design. De inkluderade artiklarna hämtades från databaserna CINAHL och PubMed. Sophiahemmet Högskolas bedömningsmall användes för att kvalitetsgranska samtliga artiklar. Resultaten från studierna analyserades genom en integrerad dataanalys. Resultat Resultatet identifierade tre huvudkategorier: Orsaker till upplevelser av ofrivillig ensamhet, Känslor relaterade till upplevelser av ofrivillig ensamhet samt Copingstrategier mot upplevelser av ofrivillig ensamhet. Resultatet visade att upplevelser av ofrivillig ensamhet orsakades av kroppens åldrande, förlust och frånvaro av närstående samt av situationsspecifika faktorer. Ofrivillig ensamhet resulterade i känslor av existentiellt lidande, sorg, depression och tristess samt stigmatisering och skam. Vidare framkom inställning, acceptans och meningsfulla relationer som viktiga copingstrategier mot ofrivillig ensamhet. Att medverka i sociala aktiviteter och ha sociala sammanhang beskrevs som strategier för att hantera ensamhet. Slutsats Litteraturöversikten visade att ofrivillig ensamhet bland äldre är ett komplext fenomen som påverkas av fysiska, emotionella och sociala faktorer. Genom personcentrerad omvårdnad kan vårdpersonal främja välbefinnande och stärka äldres copingstrategier. Resultatet belyser vikten av att anpassa insatser utifrån personens unika behov för att skapa begriplighet, hanterbarhet och meningsfullhet i deras liv. Background With a globally aging population, many older adults suffer from growing health issues such as loneliness. This not only affects the person’s quality of life but also leads to increased demands within healthcare and social care systems. The issue is often overlooked in healthcare due to a lack of knowledge and time constraints among healthcare professionals. Understanding and addressing the impact of loneliness among older adults is therefore crucial to improving care interventions and promoting person-centered nursing. Aim The aim was to describe experiences of loneliness among older adults at the age of 65 or higher in ordinary home setting. Method A non-systematic literature review was conducted based on 11 scientific original articles with a qualitative design. The included articles were retrieved from the databases CINAHL and PubMed. Sophiahemmet University's assessment tool was used to evaluate the quality of all articles. The results were analyzed using an integrated data analysis. Results The results identified three main categories: Reasons for experiences of loneliness, Feelings related to experiences of loneliness and Coping strategies against experiences of loneliness. Results showed that the experience of loneliness was caused by the aging body, the loss and absence of loved ones, and by situation-specific factors. Loneliness resulted in feelings of existential suffering, sadness, depression and boredom, also by stigmatization and shame. Furthermore, attitude, acceptance and meaningful relationships emerged as important coping strategies against loneliness. Participating in social activities and having social contexts were described as strategies for dealing with loneliness. Conclusions Loneliness among older adults was shown to be a complex phenomenon influenced by physical, emotional and social factors. Through person-centered care, nurses can promote well-being and strengthen older adults' coping strategies. The results highlight the importance of adapting interventions based on the person's unique needs to create comprehensibility, manageability and meaningfulness in their lives.