Publikationer från Södertörns Högskola
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Exploring patriotism in journalistic practices during war : A qualitative study on Ukrainian journalists’ working challenges in wartime
No full textThe purpose of this research is to study how Ukrainian journalists perceive professional and patriotic journalism since the full-scale invasion in 2022. A mixed method was used, combining thematic and narrative analysis. To gather data for the study, six Ukrainian journalists were interviewed through semi-structured interviews. Transcribed interviews were coded and analyzed through deductive and inductive coding approaches. The results indicated that Ukrainian journalists perceive professionalism according to the theoretical framework on professionalism, with truthfulness and objectivity being important values for all the participants. The results could show that, as in earlier research, journalists do not have a consensus on which professional norms they should follow. Patriotism was not perceived as negative and according to the interviewed journalists, patriotism, and censorship are necessary in wartime. The results also indicate that participants present patriotism as ethically defensible due to safety concerns and the endeavor for Ukrainians to survive.Мета цього дослідження - дослідити, як українські журналісти осмислюють професійну та патріотичну журналістику після повномасштабного вторгнення у 2022 році. Було використано змішаний метод, що поєднує тематичний та наративний аналіз. Для збору даних для аналізу було опитано шістьох українських журналістів за допомогою напівструктурованих інтерв'ю. Транскрибовані інтерв'ю були закодовані та проаналізовані за допомогою дедуктивного та індуктивного підходів до кодування. Результати показали, що українські журналісти сприймають професіоналізм так, відповідно до теоретичних засад професіоналізму, де правдивість та об'єктивність є важливими цінностями для всіх журналістів. Як і в попередніх дослідженнях, виявилося, що журналісти не мають консенсусу щодо того, яких професійних норм вони повинні дотримуватися. Патріотизм не сприймається як негативне явище, і, на думку опитаних журналістів, патріотизм і цензура є необхідними у воєнний час. Результати також вказують на те, що учасники ідентифікують патріотизм як етично виправданий через міркування безпеки та прагнення українців вижити
Pornografins inverkan för ungas psykosociala- och sexuella utveckling : En studie om professionellas erfarenheter av arbetet med unga
No full textFöljande kvalitativa intervjustudie syftar till att utforska och analysera professionellas erfarenheter och uppfattningar av den inverkan som mainstreampornografi har för ungas psykosociala utveckling, med särskilt fokus på sexuella relationer. Befintlig litteratur visar att mainstreampornografins material ofta framhäver könsstereotypa roller med påtagliga maktskillnader och medföljande förväntningar. Oreflekterad pornografikonsumtion kan få flera konsekvenser för unga däribland lägre självkänsla, sämre självbild samt högre nivåer av känslor såsom ångest eller oro. Befintlig litteratur lyfter även att pornografi kan skapa internaliserade våldsamma normer och attityder hos unga. Den tematiska analysen av det empiriska materialet genomförs med stöd av en teoretisk referensram bestående av genussystem, social inlärningsteori och sexuella skript. Genom professionellas berättelser består resultatet av tre huvudsakliga teman, som gemensamt skapar en bild av ungas negativa utveckling till följd av pornografikonsumtion. Det framkommer att en sexuell utveckling är bidragande till ungas förståelse och behandling av andra såväl som sig själv. Pornografikonsumtion i ung ålder innebär vidare en risk för att den nödvändiga utvecklingsprocessen kapas och förhindrar därmed utvecklingen av mellanmänskliga förmågor. Studien tydliggör genom informanternas mening vuxnas och professionellas gemensamma ansvar att ge stöd och vägledning till unga i deras skapande av en sexuell utveckling i ljuset av pornografikonsumtion. The following qualitative interview study sets out to explore and analyze professionals' experiences and perceptions regarding the impact of mainstream pornography on adolescents' psychosocial development, with particular focus on sexual relationships. Existing literature shows that images within mainstream pornography often portray gender-stereotypical roles with differentiating power dynamics and accompanying expectations. Pornography consumption by adolescents when left unreflected, may result in multiple consequences such as lower self-esteem, self-image and higher levels of anxiety and distress. Research also shows that pornography contributes to violent norms and attitudes among adolescents. The thematic analysis of empirical material is carried out though a theoretical frame consisting of gender system, social learning theory and sexual scripts. The result consists of three main themes based on the professionals’ account, which depicts a negative development in adolescents due to consumption of pornography. The result implies that sexual development contributes to the way adolescents conceptualize and treat themselves and others. Consumption of pornography at an early age poses a risk to hijack the necessary process of sexual development and prevents the development of interpersonal skills. This study clarifies through the meanings of the informants, the responsibilities of professionals and adults to give adolescents guidance and support, during their sexual development.
Går risk och avkastning hand i hand? : En empirisk kvantitativ studie av sambandet mellan risk och avkastning på OMXS30 under perioden 2018-2022
No full textI denna studie utforskas sambandet mellan risk och förväntad avkastning på OMXS30, ett index som representerar de 30 mest handlade aktierna på Stockholmsbörsen, med hjälp av Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM). Studiens syfte är att undersöka om högre risk verkligen korrelerar med högre förväntad avkastning, en central antagelse inom modern finansiell teori. Tidsperioden som analyseras är 2018 till 2022. Perioden är särskilt intressant på grund av dess ekonomiska turbulens, framför allt orsakad av COVID-19-pandemins globala påverkan på finansmarknaderna. Denna period innefattar också andra betydande ekonomiska händelser som påverkat marknadernas volatilitet och ger därmed en unik inblick i hur väl CAPM presterar under skiftande marknadsförhållanden. Studien använder en kvantitativ för att pröva CAPM-modellens tillförlitlighet genom att bedöma betavärden för olika portföljer bestående av aktier från OMXS30. I CAPM är beta ett nyckelmått som beskriver en tillgångs volatilitet jämfört med marknaden; ett högre betavärde indikerar högre risk men också potential för högre avkastning. Forskarna konstruerade fyra portföljer baserade på deras betavärden för att analysera sambandet mellan teoretiska förutsägelser av avkastning enligt CAPM och de faktiska avkastningsresultaten över den givna femårsperioden. Forskningen avslöjar nyanser i hur väl CAPM förutsäger avkastning under olika ekonomiska klimat. Genom att jämföra förväntad avkastning enligt CAPM med faktisk avkastning ger studien värdefulla insikter i modellens effektivitet och begränsningar. Slutsatserna från studien visar att det inte finns något statistiskt samband mellan risk och avkastning enligt CAPM för denna specifika period och marknad, vilket utmanar modellens tillförlitlighet i praktiken.In this study, the relationship between risk and expected return on OMXS30, an index representing the 30 most traded stocks on the Stockholm Stock Exchange, is explored using the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM). The aim is to examine whether higher risk truly correlates with higher expected return, a central assumption in modern financial theory. The period analyzed is 2018 to 2022, marked by economic turbulence due to the global impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and other significant economic events affecting market volatility. This period offers unique insights into how well CAPM performs under varying market conditions. A quantitative approach is used to test the reliability of the CAPM model by assessing the beta values of various portfolios consisting of OMXS30 stocks. In CAPM, beta is a key measure describing an asset's volatility compared to the market; a higher beta value indicates higher risk but also the potential for higher return. Researchers constructed four portfolios based on their beta values to analyze the relationship between theoretical predictions of return according to CAPM and the actual return outcomes over the given five-year period. The research reveals nuances in how well CAPM predicts returns under different economic climates. By comparing expected returns according to CAPM with actual returns, the study provides valuable insights into the model's effectiveness and limitations. The study's conclusions show no statistical relationship between risk and return according to CAPM for this specific period and market, challenging the model's reliability in practice
A chain of women's thoughts and women's hands : A gender historical analysis of the housewife's role 1919-1920
No full textThis essay examines how the role as the ideal housewife was formulated in the beginning of the 20th century. To enable the analysis of the archive material, gender is a useful tool. In this essay Yvonne Hirdman plays a part in formulating the theory on gender systems and the “housewife-contract”. There was a motley group of women's organizations that contributed in various ways to the debate about the housewife and the role of women. This essay examines “Fredrika Bremer-Förbundet”, “Socialdemokratiska Kvinnoförbundet” and “Svenska Kyrkans Diakonistyrelses”. The housewife ideals originate from a nationwide housewives' movement around the beginning of the 20th century. Therefore this essay focuses on the Svenska Husmodersföreningens Riksförbund that called for a union of housewives' and for the housewives' work to be seen as a profession. By highlighting the arguments made about the housewife and her role, as well as the organization of housewives, I examine how the role was formulated historically
Högskolelärarnas attityder till ChatGPT i studentarbeten : En studie vid Södertörns högskola och Stockholms universitet
No full textThis study explores how challenges related to the use of AI in higher education can be addressed. Issues such as cheating associated with AI usage and its potential to reduce students' independence are recurring topics. On the positive side, AI's ability to assist with transcription and provide alternative formulations is highlighted. We suggest that alternative forms of assessment beyond written assignments should be considered, and a prohibition on AI-generated text that is not disclosed should be implemented
Bitransitivt bruk av verbet göra : En jämförelse mellan sverigesvensk och finlandssvensk skönlitteratur 1800-1999
No full textThe study investigates change in the use of the verb göra ‘make, do’ in the double object construction (DOC) and prepositional object constructions (POCs) with till and åt in Sweden Swedish and Finland Swedish prose fiction texts between 1800 and 1999. In both the Sweden Swedish and the Finland Swedish data, the use of göra in the DOC decreases in text frequency and inlexical richness (i.e. the number of nouns available as direct object). In the Sweden Swedish data, the use of POCs increases in the second half of the twentieth century. No such increase was found in the Finland Swedish data. In the nineteenth century, göra occurs mainly in the DOC as a light verb with abstract direct objects in both Sweden Swedish and Finland Swedish, and only occasionally appears as a verb of creation with concrete direct objects. The decrease of göra in the DOC is concomitant with a general decrease in the use of göra as a light verb. In Sweden Swedish, göra in the åt-POC and till-POC is increasingly associated with concrete direct objects. The increase of the POCs in Sweden Swedish indicates that göra is more frequently used as a default verb of creation. The preposition åt is generally considered a “Finlandism”, being more frequent in Finland Swedish than in Sweden Swedish. The results of the study indicate no such tendency. It is possible that the scarcity of POCs in the late twentieth century Finland Swedish texts is due to the fact that Finland Swedish authors try to avoid Finlandisms
Små steg för en grön framtid : En fenomenografisk studie om förskollärares arbetssätt för ekologisk hållbarhet
No full textThe purpose of this study is to highlight how preschool teachers reflect on and experience their teaching assignment in relation to sustainable development within the ecological dimension. We aimed to explore how preschool teachers describe varying approaches that provide children with opportunities for participation, co-creation, and development of agency, as well as the shared learning process within this area. The research questions are as follows: - How do preschool teachers reflect on their teaching assignment with regard to ecological sustainable development, and how do they work with this in practice? - How do preschool teachers describe their teaching of ecological sustainable development with children as active participants in their learning? - How do preschool teachers perceive that teaching ecological sustainable development can contribute to a shared lifelong learning process? This study is based on six qualitative interviews from two municipal preschools and four preschool teachers from two private preschool chains with a focus on sustainable development in Stockholm, Sweden. The collected empirical data was analyzed using three theoretical concepts: participation and co-creation, lifelong learning, and agency. The results showed that, regardless of the orientation of the preschool, teaching about ecological sustainable development was considered extremely important. All participants emphasized that children's participation is a crucial foundation for delivering engaging and meaningful teaching. The results also indicate that communication between children and educators is essential to enable childrens participation. However, the empirical data suggests that preschool teachers equate the concept of children's participation with mere involvement, which we found interesting. Despite this, children are exposed to sustainable development through varying approaches, asreported by the teachers. A key finding in our study is that preschool teachers believe it iscrucial to be co-researchers in the teaching process together with the children. Our studycontributes to research and knowledge about how preschool teachers employ different approaches for an ecologically sustainable future.
The Critical Potential of the Literary Composition of Peace : Feminism, Militarism, and Colonialism in the writings of Frida Stéenhoff, Elin Wägner, and Hagar Olsson
No full textDen här studien lyfter fram och problematiserar skönlitterär fredstematik i verk ur tre svenskspråkiga författarskap i Östersjöregionen: Frida Stéenhoff (1865–1945), Elin Wägner (1882–1949) och Hagar Olsson (1893–1978). Mot bakgrund av det tidiga 1900-talets västerländska feministiska fredsrörelse och den europeiska koloniseringen visas hur dessa går i dialog med en internationell tanketradition om fred. Med utgångspunkt i det skönlitterära materialets gestaltning av temat fred fokuserar studien på de lokala och internationella kontexter som adresseras däri samt tematikens förhållningssätt till tre tendenser tillika dilemman i den västerländska traditionen av att förstå relationen mellan krig och fred: 1) förståelsen av fred som krigets negation, 2) könandet och rasifierandet av fredsbegreppet, 3) uppfattningen om att krig är något för människan naturgivet. Fredstematiken i det skönlitterära materialet – dramat Stridbar ungdom (1907) och den historiska dramaromanen Ljusa bragder och mörka dåd: kulturhistoriska tablåer från 1700-talet (1915) av Frida Stéenhoff, romanerna Den befriade kärleken (1918) och Den förödda vingården (1920) av Elin Wägner samt romanerna På Kanaanexpressen (1929) och Chitambo (1933) av Hagar Olsson – lyfts fram och problematiseras medelst kontextualiserande närläsningar med utgångpunkt i en begreppsapparat från det postkoloniala- och avkoloniserande forskningsfältet. Vidare utförs litteraturanalyserna med avstamp i en historisk och idéhistorisk kontextualisering av den moderna västerländska fredsrörelsen, i synnerhet dess feministiska gren och tanketradition liksom ovannämnda författares positionering i densamma. Sammantaget åskådliggör litteraturanalyserna att fredsfrågan i det skönlitterära materialet förankras i såväl en lokal Östersjökontext som ett internationellt sammanhang, därtill behandlas i dialog med den moderna västerländska feministiska tanketraditionen om fred liksom dess förhållande till den europeiska kolonialismen. Studiens genus- och kolonialkritiska ingång till fredstematiken aktualiserar också flera av Stéenhoffs, Wägners och Olssons understuderade verk. Närläsningarna av dessa pekar på förbisedda budskap och problemformuleringar i författarnas produktion, i synnerhet att där finns en samtidig rörelse av motstånd mot den västerländska traditionen av att i negativ bemärkelse köna fredsfrågan som något feminint respektive reproduktion av rasifieringen av densamma. Vidare förenas de undersökta verken i ett teatralt berättar-grepp som skapar distans mellan läsaren och det som berättas. Fredstematikens kritiska potential framträder här med skönlitteraturens möjlighet till perspektivskifte medelst verktyg som distansering, osäkring, paradoxer, ambivalenser, tvetydigheter, parodi, ironi, sarkasm, iscensättning och metaperspektiv. Inte minst visar analyserna av det skönlitterära materialet att den mening som läggs i fredsbegreppet i en västerländsk feministisk kontext även den är fylld av paradoxer och ambivalenser liksom att ett problematiserande av denna mening bidrar till att utveckla förståelsen för freds-begreppets sammanflätning med intersubjektiva konstruktioner som genus och ras. I förlängningen åskådliggör detta resultat att det fredsvetenskapliga forskningsfältet kan dra lärdom av den kritiska potentialen i såväl skönlitterära gestaltningar av fredstematik som litteraturvetenskapliga studier av dessa. This study highlights and problematises the literary composition of peace in selected works by three Swedish-language authors in the Baltic Sea region: Frida Stéenhoff (1865–1945), Elin Wägner (1882–1949) and Hagar Olsson (1893–1978). Against the background of the early 20th century Western feminist peace movement and European colonisation, it is shown how these authors enter into dialogue with an international tradition of thinking peace. Based on the literary composition of peace in the material, the study focuses on the local and international contexts addressed therein and its approach to three tendencies and dilemmas in the traditional Western understanding of the relationship between war and peace: 1) the understanding of peace as the negation of war, 2) the gendering and racialisation of the concept of peace, 3) the idea that war is something natural to man. The literary composition of peace in the material – the drama Stridbar ungdom (Pugnacious Youth 1907) and the historical drama novel Ljusa bragder och mörka dåd: kulturhistoriska tablåer från 1700-talet (Bright Feats and Dark Deeds: 18th Century Cultural History Tableaux 1915) by Frida Stéenhoff, the novels Den befriade kärleken (Love Liberated 1918) and Den förödda vingården (The Ruined Vineyard 1920) by Elin Wägner, and the novels På Kanaanexpressen (On the Canaan Express 1929) and Chitambo (1933) by Hagar Olsson – is displayed and problematised through contextualising close readings, based on a postcolonial and decolonising conceptual apparatus. The analysis then proceeds through a historical and ideological contextualisation of the modern Western peace movement, in particular its feminist branch and tradition of thought, as well as the above-mentioned authors’ positioning within it. All in all, the analyses illustrate how the issue of peace in the fictional material is anchored in both a local Baltic Sea perspective and an international context and is treated in dialogue with the modern Western feminist tradition of thinking peace and its relationship to European colonialism. The gender- and colonial-critical approach to the literary composition of peace in this study brings to the fore several of Stéenhoff’s, Wägner’s, and Olsson’s understudied works. In turn, close readings of these works point to overlooked messages and problem formulations in the authors’ production. In particular, these works display a simultaneous resistance to the Western tradition of gendering the peace issue – negatively, as something feminine – as well as a reproduction of the racialisation of the peace issue. Furthermore, the works examined are united in a theatrical narrative approach that creates a distance between the reader and the story being told. The critical potential of the literary composition of peace asserts itself in the possibility for changing perspectives that is inherent in fiction, specifically through tools such as distancing, uncertainty, paradoxes, ambivalences, ambiguities, parody, irony, sarcasm, staging, and meta-perspectives. Not least, the analyses show how the meaning attached to the concept of peace in a Western feminist context is also full of paradoxes and ambivalences, and that problematising this helps develop an understanding of the intertwining of the concept of peace with intersubjective constructs such as gender and race. By extension, it is clear from this result that the field of peace studies has something important to learn from literary compositions of peace as well as the literary studies of these.
Anti-colonial violence and the concept of terrorism : West's dehumanization and alienation of the colonized human being
No full textThis essay analyzes the dehumanization and alienation that is caused by the concept of terrorism, more specifically when the word is utilized to invalidate the narrative of anti-colonial violence in Western political discussions. By shedding light on this topic, this paper seeks to enhance our understanding of contemporary violence, and terrorism, as to why it should not be used to term anti-colonial violence. The analysis is thematically completed mainly by focusing on Frantz Fanon’s work The Wretched of the Earth, in which he theorizes decolonization alongside his ambition to create a legitimizing narrative for liberation and anti-colonial resistance. Thus, certain aspects of morality in colonial situations will be analyzed, specifically, in accordance with the coloniality that cannot be understood from a Western point of view. Consequently, Western perspectives will be declared unable to see colonial reality; they are incused by a nearsightedness; they are the colonial system’s own constructor. In this case, morality will be discussed in terms of the Manichaean dualism between good and evil, which will be shown to be represented by Western theory. As opposed to this moral imprint in Western thinking patterns, the colonized people never experienced any moral treatment, or morality as present in the reality of colonialism. The results will eventually indicate an immediate political bias present when assuming a moral point of view to criticize the colonized population’s use of violence. The analysis will also provide an understanding of anti-colonial violence as imbedded in the narrative of liberation, which, accordingly, is crucial to acknowledge when anti-colonialism is brought up in political discussion.