Publikationer från Södertörns Högskola
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När hållbarheten möter lönsamheten : En kvantitativ analys av ESG och fondavkastning i Sverige
No full textOver the past decade, sustainability has become a key factor in investment decisions, with the ESG framework (Environmental, Social, Governance) measuring corporate responsibility and risk management. Amid new regulations like SFDR and CSRD, Swedish equity funds have increasingly integrated ESG ratings. The purpose of this study is to empirically investigate how ESG ratings, both aggregated and disaggregated into Environmental (E), Social (S), and Governance (G) dimensions, impact the five-year returns of Swedish equity funds. By incorporating risk-adjusted measures (Sharpe ratio, beta, and Jensen’s alpha), the analysis isolates the effects of ESG from traditional risk factors. A quantitative approach was employed using Morningstar data on 60 Swedish equity funds over 2020–2025. Descriptive statistics and Pearson correlations were calculated between ESG scores (aggregate and E, S, G) and five-year returns. Separate OLS regression models were estimated for each ESG dimension, with Sharpe ratio, beta, and Jensen’s alpha included as control variables. Multicollinearity was assessed via VIF, and heteroskedasticity tested using the Breusch-Pagan procedure. Statistical significance was evaluated and model fit reported through R². Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH), Behavioral Finance and Modern Portfolio Theory (MPT) are all central theories in this study. The conclusion is that the market quickly prices in social and environmental signals but that good governance can still provide measurable return benefits over time. The study provides a clear recommendation to analyze the ESG dimensions separately and combine them with classical risk measures for better investment decisions.Under det senaste decenniet har hållbarhet blivit en nyckelfaktor i investeringsbeslut, där ESG-ramverket (Environmental, Social, Governance) mäter företags ansvar och riskhantering. I och med nya regelverk som SFDR och CSRD integrerar svenska aktiefonder i allt högre grad ESG-värderingar. Syftet med denna studie är att empiriskt undersöka hur ESG, både aggregerade och uppdelade i dimensionerna miljö (E), socialt ansvar (S) och bolagsstyrning (G), förklarar den femåriga avkastningen för svenska aktiefonder. Genom att inkludera riskjusterade mått (Sharpe-kvot, beta och Jensens alfa) isolera effekterna av ESG från traditionella riskfaktorer. Ett kvantitativt tillvägagångssätt användes med hjälp av Morningstar-data för 60 svenska aktiefonder under 2020 - 2025. Beskrivande statistik och Pearson-korrelationer beräknades mellan ESG-poäng (aggregerat och E, S, G) och femårsavkastning. Separata OLS-regressionsmodeller beräknades för varje ESG-dimension, med Sharpe-kvot, beta och Jensens alfa som kontrollvariabler. Multikollinearitet bedömdes med hjälp av VIF och heteroskedasticitet testades med Breusch-Pagan-proceduren. Statistisk signifikans utvärderades och modellanpassningen visades genom R². Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH), Behavioral Finance och Modern Portfolio Theory (MPT) är de centrala teorierna i denna studie. Slutsatsen är att marknaden snabbt prisar in sociala och miljömässiga signaler men att god bolagsstyrning ändå kan ge en mätbar avkastningsfördel över tid. Studien ger en tydlig rekommendation att analysera ESG-dimensionerna separat och kombinera dem med klassiska riskmått för bättre investeringsbeslut
Motståndskraft - med potential att rädda liv : En studie om hur motståndskraft kan skapa skydd mot psykisk ohälsa, hos kvinnor som upplevt barndomstrauma
No full textBarndomstrauma ger en rad negativa följder, inklusive fysiska, psykiska och emotionella utmaningar. Forskning visar på vikten av tidiga insatser och en ökad kompetens för att kunna verka kompensatoriskt hos barn som utsatts för trauma under uppväxten. Sambandet mellan barndomstrauma och psykisk ohälsa är väldokumenterat och kvinnor är särskilt drabbade. Dock finns ett fenomen identifierat som en slags motvikt; motståndskraft, en förmåga att utvecklas och ta sig an livets utmaningar trots det man varit med om. I denna studie intervjuades tio respondenter som i deras arbete mött kvinnor med barndomstrauma. I djupintervjuerna söktes svar på frågan om vilka faktorer som är av särskild betydelse för att kunna bygga motståndskraft mot psykisk ohälsa. Syftet var att bättre kunna belysa hur motståndskraft kan vara en positiv motvikt i arbetet för att stärka kvinnors psykiska hälsa, genom tidiga preventiva insatser samt traumainformerad behandling. En induktiv tematisk analys användes för att identifiera återkommande mönster i det insamlade intervjumaterialet. De teman som framkom var motvikt mot omsorgssvikt, personlighet, att bli trodd på, gemenskap och ett läkande samhälle. Resultaten visade att de som hade en personlighet som gav dem inre stabilitet, möjligheten att skapa trygg anknytning, blivit trodda i sina berättelser, haft tillitsfull gemenskap och socialt stöd hade haft bättre förutsättningar att utveckla motståndskraft och därmed lättare klara sig igenom livet. Skyddet mot psykisk ohälsa som motståndskraften innebär, visade sig inte primärt vara ett förebyggande skydd utan snarare en förmåga att orka möta och bearbeta de traumatiska upplevelserna för att kunna skapa sig ett fungerande liv.Childhood trauma has severe challenges including, physical, psychological and emotional consequences. Research shows the importance of early preventive measures as well as a greater competence to act compensatory for children who have experienced trauma in their upbringing. The correlation between childhood trauma and mental unhealth is well documented and women are particularly vulnerable. However, there is one phenomenon identified that acts as a counterweight and it is spelled; resilience, the ability to develop and take on life with all of its challenges despite your experiences. In this study ten respondents where interviewed who in their profession meets women with childhood trauma. Deep interviews examined what factors are of most importance to develop resilience against mental unhealth. The purpose was to better portray how resilience can be a positive counterweight in the work to strengthen women’s mental health, by early preventive measures as well as trauma informed treatment. An inductive tematic analysis was used to identify reacurring patterns in the material, resulting in the following themes: maltreatment, personality, being believed, community and a healing society. The results showed that women who had a personality that gave them inner stability, an ability to create safe attachment, had been believed in their stories and had access to trusting social connection had a better predisposition to develop resilience and manage life easier. Resilience, as a protection against mental unhealth, turned out not to be primarily a preventive measure, but rather an ability to endure processing trauma to be able to create a functioning life
En tjur i en porslinsbutik : En autoetnografisk studie om autistiska transpersoners meningsskapande om trans, autism, och funktion i vardagen
No full textThe aim of this thesis is to understand autistic trans people's processes of meaning-making in relation to trans, autism, and (dis)ability in everyday life. I have, as part of an autoethnographic methodology, conducted co-constructive interviews where the study participants and I have engaged in joint sensemaking to create the material for this study. I have also used observations as a complementary method in order to contextualize the interviews. I have analyzed the material using queer phenomenology, affect theory, and chrononormativity, and I have used evocative writing as a method of analysis. I have found that (dis)ability is made meaningful through bodily and timely movements through (cis)gendered and ableist spaces, and that emotions can be understood to spread between our bodies and orientate us towards shared understandings of our positions and identities as transgender autistics
“Jag vet inte vad jag ska göra? Jag förstår inte texten...” : En interventionsstudie baserad på en kombination av reciprok undervisning och självreglerat lärande
No full textThis study aims to examine how a short, practice-oriented intervention based on Reciprocal Teaching (RT) and the theory of Self-Regulated Learning (SRL) could affect students’ reading comprehension, strategy use, and self-regulatory abilities in a sixth-grade classroom. The study’s theoretical framework was grounded in the four core reading strategies of the RT-model (predicting, questioning, clarifying, and summarizing), as well as Zimmerman’s (2002) theory of SRL. Data were collected through pre- and post-tests based on previous national tests, SRL questionnaires in which students individually reflected before and after reading, and a semi- structured interview with the classroom teacher. The test results were analyzed based on three levels of reading comprehension ("on the lines," "between the lines," and "beyond the lines"), while the SRL questionnaires and teacher interview were thematically analyzed using relevant phases of the SRL cycle and identified categories. The pre- and post-test results showed a generally unchanged level of reading comprehension over time. However, an improvement was identified at the "beyond the lines" level, which may indicate that students’ abilities to interpret, reflect, and integrate information had developed. However, difficulties at the "between the lines" level persisted. The teacher's reasoning highlighted factors such as linguistic prior knowledge, motivation, and access to instructional resources as important for students’ application of reading strategies and comprehension development. The analysis of the SRL questionnaires suggests a mechanical use of strategies rather than a genuine attempt to understand the text. It also revealed that students particularly struggled with the clarifying strategy. The teacher emphasized that limited vocabulary knowledge posed a central challenge, hindering students’ ability to clarify ambiguities in the text. The study concludes that the generally unchanged reading comprehension outcomes may partly be explained by the short duration of the intervention and the limited selection of pupils, as well as by a possible lack of focus on the functional and contextual dimensions of strategy use in the teaching.
Ekonomisk osäkerhet och svenska hushålls investeringsbeteenden under covid-19 : En kvantitativ analys av investeringsbeslut och volatilitet
No full textThe COVID-19 pandemic was characterized by heightened economic uncertainty, raising questions about how households manage financial decisions during periods of instability. Traditional financial theory, such as Modern Portfolio Theory (MPT), assumes that investors act rationally by weighing risk against expected return to maximize utility. In contrast, behavioral theories, particularly Prospect Theory, suggest that investors often rely on emotions rather than calculated reasoning in uncertain conditions. Empirical evidence indicates that investment behavior can deviate markedly from rational models, especially during times of crisis. This study aims to clarify the relationship between economic uncertainty and investment decisions among Swedish households during the COVID-19 pandemic, with a specific focus on mutual funds, listed stocks, and unlisted stocks The analysis is grounded in Modern Portfolio Theory and Prospect Theory, which together provide a basis for examining whether household investment behavior aligns with rational decision-making or is shaped by psychological factors such as loss aversion A quantitative research design was employed, using multiple linear regression analysis on quarterly data from 2018 to 2022. Economic uncertainty is represented by the volatility of the OMXS30 index (domestic) and the VIX index (international). Unemployment and interest rates were included as control variables. The study utilizes aggregated secondary data from Statistics Sweden (SCB), the Riksbank, Yahoo Finance, and Nasdaq. The findings reveal that investments in mutual funds decrease significantly in response to increased domestic volatility, lending support to Prospect Theory’s notion of loss aversion. No significant relationship was found for listed stocks, possibly indicating passive behavior or a long-term investment perspective. A weak positive relationship was observed between volatility and investments in unlisted stocks, particularly in connection with changes in the interest rate. These findings have practical implications for financial advisors, policymakers, and educators working with financial literacy. Understanding how households respond to uncertainty can inform the design of more effective crisis policies and interventions. The study concludes that Swedish households’ investment behavior cannot be fully explained by rational models. Instead, several results suggest a notable influence of psychological factors. Furthermore, the study demonstrates that different asset classes respond differently to economic uncertainty
Memory and queer time in film: childhood and adulthood in All of Us Strangers
No full textThe concept of queer temporality illustrates alternative modes of existence which in turn challenge normative linear timelines. My thesis aims to examine, through a narrative analysis, how the mediation of childhood and adulthood within Andrew Haigh’s film All of Us Strangers (2023) identifies the concept of queer temporality. Specifically, how a nonlinear narrative and its techniques such as flashbacks and theoretical frameworks of, among others, Gilles Deleuze’s the time-image and J. Halberstam’s queer temporality illustrate temporality and create character development. My project is therefore concerned with the following questions: In what way is childhood memory mediated in All of Us Strangers?, how is queer temporality illustrated in the film All of Us Strangers?, and what is the importance of the nonlinear narrative as a tool for reconstructing reality and analysing the coexistence of childhood and adulthood? Firstly, my study indicates that nonlinear narrative techniques such as flashbacks function in relation to causality as a coping mechanism for character trauma. And secondly, it indicates the importance of using a nonlinear narrative in the mediation of character development in relation to time and queerness. This as a result of the coexistence of the present and the past within a queer child- and adulthood. In conclusion this thesis has identified the functionality of narrative and visual techniques and how they develop the films thematic exploration of memory and time fragmentation. In order to create a queer narrative within All of Us Strangers (2023) and pose a challenge for (hetero)normative storytelling
In AI we trust : A qualitative investigation into the concept of trust in human-AI relations and its changing nature
No full textWith the increasing use of AI and its growing influence, the need to understand how humans build trust in technology and communicative agents, such as AI chatbots, is becoming increasingly important. Through qualitative interviews with ten different participants with varying backgrounds, the thesis investigates three questions: How do people perceive trust concerning AI-chatbots? What do people perceive that they trust or distrust when using AI-chatbots; and how, and if, is trust formed and understood through people’s interactions with AI-chatbots? Using trust theories from Niklas Luhmann and Piotr Sztompka and Actor-Network-Theory, the research discloses the complexity of trust as a layered, negotiated, and contradictory concept through its cognitive, emotional, and cultural dimensions. The results showed interesting tendencies where participants, exercising cognitive trust based on reliability and functionality, could at times develop emotional trust ties to the machines based on personalization, simulating social cues and language, despite being aware of the AI’s nature. Distrust emerged in connection with the intentions of developers and companies, lack of transparency, data harvesting, and manipulation based on the chatbots' behavior and design. This, however, did not stop users from accepting receding control and autonomy to the AI, showing the continuous negotiation and redirection of trust in AI as a multifaceted and layered process
Upper secondary schools' strategic adjustment tostudent utilization of generative AI
No full textDenna studie undersöker hur gymnasieskolor strategiskt anpassar sina IT- beroende arbetssystem och processer till digital disruption i form av generativ AI. Genom sex djupintervjuer med gymnasielärare har studien kartlagt hur strukturella strategier interagerar med de emergenta lösningar som uppstår i den operativa verksamheten. Resultaten visar att skolorna som är med i studien inte har engagerat sig i en digital omställning för att anpassa skolverksamheten till generativ AI. Det saknas en långsiktig samordnad AI-strategi och investeringar i teknik saknar ofta motsvarande satsningar på kompetensutveckling och pedagogisk anpassning. Bristande teknisk support, otydliga riktlinjer och begränsad fortbildning framstår som centrala hinder för ett hållbart synsätt på användande av generativ AI inom studiens gymnasieskolor. Andra delar som kollegialt utbyte och pilotgrupper pekas även ut som viktiga drivkrafter för lokala framsteg. Uppsatsen lyfter fram behovet av holistiska strategier som integrerar teknisk infrastruktur, sociotekniska processer och kontinuerlig återkoppling.This study examines how upper secondary schools strategically adapt their IT-dependent work systems and processes to digital disruption in the form of generative AI. Through six in-depth interviews with upper secondary teachers, the study has mapped how structural strategies interact with the emergent solutions that arise in operational practice. The results show that the schools participating in the study have not engaged in a digital transformation to adapt school operations to generative AI. There is a lack of a long-term coordinated AI strategy and investments in technology often lack corresponding efforts in professional development and pedagogical adaptation. Insufficient technical support, unclear guidelines, and limited in-service training emerge as central obstacles to a sustainable approach to the use of generative AI within the study’s upper secondary schools. Colleague exchanges and pilot groups are also identified as important drivers of local progress. The thesis highlights the need for holistic strategies that integrate technical infrastructure, sociotechnical processes, and continuous feedback
Bortom kompissolar och skäll : En essä om den praktiska kunskapens avgörande roll för att hantera och förebygga konflikter i förskolan
No full textDen här vetenskapliga essän syftar till att ge svar på eller ledtrådar till frågan om vilken praktisk kunskap hos pedagogerna som kan stödja barns lärande och utveckling av de förmågor som behövs för att lösa eller förhindra konflikter. Jag väljer också att försöka förstå vilka omgivande faktorer som kan antingen stötta eller störa utövandet och utvecklingen av denna praktiska kunskap. Essän tar avstamp i en erfarenhet av att enkla lösningar som att exempelvis skapa en ”kompissol” tillsammans med gemensamma regler är ett arbetssätt som många pedagoger i förskolan använder sig av. Jag vill problematisera idén om att barnen inte beter sig snällt mot varandra för att de inte är informerade om vilka regler som gäller. Jag vill i stället visa på vilka andra faktorer som kan ligga bakom ett framgångsrikt arbete med att hantera konflikter och vill lyfta fram pedagogernas insats och deras praktiska kunskap. Genom en kortare fältstudie där jag genom deltagande observation samlat in nya erfarenheter så har jag fått syn på tre beståndsdelar i pedagogernas arbete som också verkar spela viktig roll, nämligen förståelse och acceptans för barns olikheter, flöde och organisation samt närvaro. Jag väljer att titta på dessa beståndsdelar med hjälp av teoretiska begrepp och tankar från Lev Vygotskij, Aristoteles, Hannah Arendt och väver också in idéer från styrsystemet New Public Management. Avslutningsvis samlar jag ihop mina tankar och utformar en ny slags kompissol med ledtrådar till pedagogernas arbetssätt snarare än med regler för barnen, och jag kompletterar bilden med ett regnmoln där hindren för den praktiska kunskapen illustreras. This scientific essay aims to provide answers or clues to the question of what practical knowledge of educators that can support children's learning and development of the skills needed to resolve or prevent conflicts. I also aim to understand what environmental factors can either support or hinder the practice and development of this practical knowledge. The essay is based on the experience that simple solutions such as creating a “buddy system” with common rules is a way of working that many educators in preschool use. I want to problematize the idea that children do not behave nicely towards each other because they are not informed about the rules that apply. Instead, I want to show what other factors can lie behind successful work on managing conflicts and I want to highlight the educators' efforts and their practical knowledge. Through a short field study where I gathered new experiences through participatory observation, I have seen three elements in the educators' work that also seem to play an important role, namely understanding and acceptance of children's differences, flow and organization, and presence. I choose to look at these elements with the help of theoretical concepts and thoughts from Lev Vygotsky, Aristotle, Hannah Arendt and I also weave in ideas from the New Public Management system. Finally, I gather my thoughts and design a new kind of “buddy system” with clues for the educators' way of working rather than rules for the children, and I complete the picture with a rain cloud illustrating the obstacles to practical knowledge
Fostering inclusivity in education : Addressing challenges fortrans pupils’ pronoun choicein Swedish schools
No full textThe article delves into the critical issue of integrating pronounawareness in Swedish educational settings to cultivate more inclusive environments.Through a mixture of surveys and interviews, the research examinesteachers’ experiences and attitudes towards pupils who identify withnew pronouns, illuminating the challenges that educators may encounter andassessing the extent to which schools are equipped to support transgenderpupils. The findings indicate that while many educators recognize the importanceof using the pronouns pupils identify with, recognizing it as a vital componentof an inclusive educational approach, there is also resistance within theteaching profession. The study also uncovers significant obstacles stemmingfrom school culture and administrative frameworks that hinder transgenderpupils from fully expressing and developing their identities alongside theirpeers. Based on these insights, the article proposes actionable recommendationsfor school leaders, aimed at enhancing support systems and develop policies that better accommodate the needs of transgender pupils and fostera truly inclusive educational environment