Publikationer från Mälardalens högskola
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An Exploratory Cross-Country Study on Italian and Swedish Preschool Teachers' Role in Supporting Children's Mathematising During Play
No full textThis study examines how preschool teachers reflect on their role in challenging children's mathematical thinking in play. The study was conducted with participants in Italy and Sweden, and data were collected through focus group discussions. We use Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) and the concept of didactic sensitivity to understand how preschool teachers describe their support of mathematical thinking in children's play and how they interact in play to promote mathematics learning. The findings show that teachers from both focus groups notice, interpret, and improve mathematical content in children's play. They outline their role in supporting mathematisation during play situations, for instance, by describing mathematical concepts and providing the children with resources. However, the findings show differences and tensions in how teachers perceive their role in children's play, with Italian teachers highlighting the importance of children's autonomy and Swedish teachers stressing the importance of being facilitators
Are you in or are you out? : A longitudinal person-centered study of health and entrance and exit into self-employment
No full textThis study addresses the scarcity of research on health developments in the heterogeneous group of self-employed workers. It aims at understanding typical health progressions in this group and associations with demographic factors, work characteristics, and self-employment decisions. We investigate health profiles based on mental health problems, self-rated health, and work satisfaction, as well as transitions between them in relation to work effort, reward, overcommitment, demographic characteristics, and entrance and exit into self-employment. Using latent transition analysis, we analyzed data from the Swedish Longitudinal Occupational Survey of Health (SLOSH), including data from 593 participants. We identified four distinct, stable health profiles, revealing associations with work effort, reward, overcommitment, and self-employment decisions. No meaningful relations existed for demographic characteristics. Overall, the findings offer a comprehensive perspective on the health dynamics of self-employed individuals, their associations with work characteristics and decisions to enter and exit self-employment
Leveraging Technical Interoperability for Design Manufacturing Integration in Low Volume Manufacturing Industry
No full textThe low-volume manufacturing industry is facing an ever increasing competitive market environment, where high degrees of flexibility, complex products and short time-to-market are important factors to remain competitive. These market dynamics are a strong motivator for companies to design and introduce new products to the market rapidly, thereby placing an increased emphasis on the new product development (NPD) process. The integration of design and manufacturing functions has been identified as a critical enabler to improve the NPD process and reduce lead times of products. A successful design manufacturing integration however requires a significant amount of data and information to be exchanged by both functions. To ensure this exchange, a robust product data infrastructure is necessary, along with the capability of systems to communicate seamlessly. The ability to exchange data relies heavily on technical interoperability, which is essential to enable a seamless dataflow and has been shown reduce the need for manual interventions and increases accessibility to data and enables better coordination of resources. Existing literature has primarily focused on technical interoperability from a high volume manufacturing perspective, noting that lacking technical interoperability can significantly impact the performance of manufacturing processes, including inefficiencies regarding workflows, data exchange and increased costs. However, less emphasis has been placed on technical interoperability from the perspective of low-volume manufacturing industry. The purpose of this thesis is therefore to explore how technical interoperability can be leveraged to facilitate design manufacturing integration within the context of low-volume manufacturing industry. This was achieved by performing an in depth single case study where an NPD process of a low-volume manufacturing company was analysed. The findings identify current challenges related to technical interoperability, their impacts on the NPD process, and finally the steps required to leverage technical interoperability to facilitate design manufacturing integration. The primary theoretical contribution of this thesis is its addressal of a notable research gap concerning the role of technical interoperability in facilitating design manufacturing integration, as well as providing further insights into the challenges and their impacts on NPD processes due to deficiencies in technical interoperability from the contextual perspective of the low-volume manufacturing industry. The practical contributions of this thesis include a comprehensive understanding of existing challenges related to technical interoperability and the impacts these challenges can have on the performance of an NPD process. Furthermore, this thesis provides a step-by-step approach detailing how technical interoperability can be leveraged and exemplifies the process.
Socialt stöd och känslan av sammanhang under postpartum bland nyblivna mödrar
No full textÖvergången till moderskap kan påverka kvinnors välmående och öka risken för postpartumdepression. Känsla av sammanhang (KASAM) har visat sig vara en faktor som skyddar mot ohälsa och främjar hälsa. Socialt stöd från barnmorskor, familj, vänner eller en betydelsefull person kan stärka KASAM. Syftet med studien var att identifiera variabler som främjar KASAM och därmed underlätta övergången till moderskapet. Data samlades in med pappersenkäter och analyserades med Pearsons produktmomentkorrelationskoefficient samt en stegvis forward multipel linjär regressionsanalys. Enkätsvar från 67 mödrar med barn under 12 månader visade att stöd från en betydelsefull person förklarade 20,30% av variationen i KASAM. Tillsammans med upplevelsen av förlossningen och planerad graviditet förklarade dessa faktorer 40,20% av variationen. Korrelations- och regressionsanalyserna visar att socialt stöd är viktigt för mödrars KASAM. Framtida forskning bör undersöka faktorer som graviditetens längd, kulturella skillnader och fäders perspektiv för att ge en mer heltäckande förståelse av socialt stöds betydelse för välmående postpartum
Processbarhetsteorin i praktiken : En kvalitativ studie om SFI-lärares tillämpning av processbarhetsteorin i grammatikundervisningen
No full textDenna studie undersöker hur lärare på SFI i kurs C och D tillämpar processbarhetsteorin (PT) i sin grammatikundervisning och bedömning, samt hur man gör i stället när PT inte används. PT förespråkar att andraspråksinlärare utvecklar grammatik i en förutsägbar och sekventiell ordning, där vissa strukturer måste bemästras innan andra kan läras in. Genom att använda PT kan läraren säkerställa att eleverna får det grammatiska innehåll de behöver för att utvecklas i sitt andraspråk. Eftersom PT utgår från språklig utveckling på individnivå, har den potential att göra undervisningen mer effektiv och anpassad till varje elevs behov. Studien baseras på kvalitativa intervjuer med nio SFI-lärare för att få en djupare förståelse för deras arbetssätt och bedömningsstrategier. Resultaten visar att två av lärarna använder PT, framför allt vid analys av elevernas grammatiska produktion. Övriga lärare utgår från elevtexter, läromedel och sina egna erfarenheter för att förse eleverna med en progression i grammatikutvecklingen. Slutsatsen är att grammatikundervisningen inom SFI präglas av varierande metoder och att PT inte är en självklar del av lärarnas verktygslåda. För att stärka undervisningens kvalitet och skapa en mer likvärdig bedömning föreslås fortbildning och resurser för att göra PT mer tillgänglig och användbar i praktiken
Lärarens didaktiska val för flerspråkiga elever med svenska som andra språk : Vilka didaktiska val gör läraren i matematikundervisningens arbete med textuppgifter, för att anpassa undervisningen till flerspråkiga barn med svenska som andra språk?
No full textDenna kvalitativa studie utforskar och analyserar lärarnas didaktiska val i matematikundervisning för flerspråkiga elever med svenska som andra språk inom arbetet med textuppgifter. Datainsamlingen bygger på semistrukturerade intervjuer med 12 lärare som undervisar i årskurs 4–6. Med tematisk analys undersöks hur lärarna anpassar undervisningen för att möta behov hos elever med svenska som andraspråk. Studien visar att lärarna är medvetna om vikten av att differentiera undervisningen för att stötta flerspråkiga elever. Lärarna använder strategier som anpassat material, differentierade instruktioner och gruppdynamik för att skapa en inkluderande lärmiljö. Denna studie bidrar till förståelsen av hur lärare arbetar för att främja ett framgångsrikt lärande hos flerspråkiga elever inom matematikundervisningen arbete med textuppgifter. Resultaten belyser hur lärarna arbetar med språkutveckling och vilka pedagogiska strategier de använder för att stödja elevernas lärande
FYSIOTERAPEUTERS ERFARENHETER AV ATT ARBETA VIA VÅRDNADSHAVARE VID HABILITERING AV BARN : En kvalitativ studie ur ett beteendemedicinskt perspektiv
No full textFORDON SOM ENERGIAKTÖRER: V2G : Sammankoppling mellan fordon och energi nät
No full textThe transportation sector is a major contributor to climate change and reliance on fossil fuels. Transitioning to electric vehicles (EVs) through technologies like vehicle-to-grid (V2G) is paramount for a sustainable energy future. V2G unlocks the potential of EV batteries to support the intermittent renewable energy sources increasingly powering our grid. In this work, various types of V2G are simulated. Several parameters, such as battery capacity, affect the power output of an electric vehicle. Sweden's preferred electric vehicle, the Tesla Model 3, is known for its remarkable efficiency. Achieving a power output of 18.5 kW over four hours is possible with one of the smaller electric vehicles. The incoming Citroen e-C3 produces a power output of 9.20 kW over four hours. Electric vehicles in a V2G simulation show significant effects on the power grid. Furthermore, power electronics technology is becoming increasingly important in renewable energy systems such as solar and wind power. Overall, power electronics plays a vital role in modern technology. The calculations solely consider battery capacity, and the actual output power may not match the calculated output power. Smart charging and V2G are technologies that provide economic benefits to electric vehicle owners. Unidirectional smart charging is currently a reality. Investing in bidirectional smart charging may result in minor savings, but it is not the sole path to profitability. The aggregation system allows electric vehicle owners to participate in frequency regulation services, which can generate an annual income per car. This can recoup the cost of the charging investment.
A Supplier's Perspective on Involvement in Customers' Product Development
No full textProduct development has increasingly evolved into an interorganisational activity where suppliers are involved in customers’ product development projects. This phenomenon of supplier involvement in product development has been studied for over four decades. However, most prior research has focused on the customer perspective, studying the benefits, risks, and challenges faced by customers, as well as the critical factors influencing their ability to successfully involve suppliers. Current research, however, provides limited insights into the supplier’s perspective on their involvement in customers’ product development projects. Understanding this perspective is vital for gaining deeper insights into the characteristics of supplier involvement in product development from the suppliers’ perspective, as well as the implications these characteristics entail. This thesis explores the following research questions to address these gaps: “What characterises supplier involvement in product development from the supplier’s perspective?”, and “What are the implications of the characteristics for the supplier?”. The results build on a systematic literature review and the findings of a multiple case study including four Small and Medium-sized Enterprise (SME) suppliers. The thesis consists of a compiled summary and five appended papers. The results show that supplier involvement in product development, from the suppliers’ perspective, is characterised by tasks that vary in terms of complexity, novelty, and responsibility, along with varying customer expectations, different types of interrelationships, capability- and interface-related challenges, and uncertainty regarding product requirements and technology. Two major implications related to these characteristics were identified. First, it is important for suppliers to develop their internal capabilities, such as enhancing competence, establishing product development process models, utilising design tools, and fostering internal collaboration. Second, it is crucial to improve conditions for interaction. The findings emphasise the importance of early supplier involvement and contextual information in improving interaction and product development outcomes. Early involvement helps suppliers understand customer requirements and design challenges, allowing them to influence the design and prevent manufacturing complexities. Contextual information facilitates in identifying areas for design and manufacturing improvements, as well as uncovering unspoken customer needs and information gaps. Keywords: supplier involvement, supplier integration, supplier collaboration, NPD, SME, manufacturing compan
Förskollärares resonemang om digitala verktyg i förskolan : En undersökning av påverkansfaktorer
No full textDenna studie syftade till att undersöka hur förskollärare resonerade kring digitala verktyg i förskolan samt att identifiera eventuella faktorer som påverkade användandet av dessa. Studien utgick från frågeställningar om hur förskollärare beskrev sitt användande och vilka faktorer som påverkade detta. Som teoretisk utgångspunkt användes ramfaktorteorin för att analysera faktorer som kunde utgöra både hinder och möjligheter i undervisningen. En kvalitativ metod valdes där semistrukturerade intervjuer med sju förskollärare genomfördes, vilka sedan analyserades genom kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultaten visade att digitala verktyg, särskilt digitala plattor, ofta användes i administrativa rutiner och som ett komplement i pedagogiska aktiviteter. Förskollärarna var generellt positiva, men utmaningar med vårdnadshavare och kollegor identifierades. Slutsatsen var att användningen påverkades av en rad faktorer såsom tillgänglighet, personliga inställningar och tolkningar av styrdokument