Publikationer från Mälardalens högskola
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ATT VARA ANHÖRIG TILL EN PERSON MED EN DEMENSSJUKDOM : En allmän litteraturöversikt
No full textBakgrund: Demenssjukdom är en kognitiv sjukdom som påverkar hjärnan, vilket leder till en gradvis försämring av minnesfunktioner, inlärningsförmåga och emotionell reglering. En åldrande befolkning gör demenssjukdomar till en växande folkhälsoutmaning, vilket innebär att fler anhöriga tar på sig vårdgivarrollen. Sjuksköterskor betonar vikten av anhörigas roll i omsorgen av patienter som har en demenssjukdom, en avgörande roll som bidrar med praktiskt och emotionellt stöd. Syfte: Var att översiktligt beskriva anhörigas erfarenheter av att leva med en person som har en demenssjukdom. Metod: En allmän litteraturöversikt med sju artiklar med kvalitativ metod, två artiklar med mixad metod och en artikel med kvantitativ metod. Resultat: Likheter och skillnader i syfte samt metod identifierades. Att vara anhörig till en person med en demenssjukdom innebar betydande livsförändringar. Anhöriga beskrev vårdgivarrollen som krävande och känslomässigt belastande. Anhöriga kämpade med att hantera den nya vårdgivarrollen och uttryckte ett stort behov av stöd för navigering. Tre teman identifierades. Slutsats: Behovet av stöd och utbildning var central vilket inkluderade socialt, emotionellt och kulturanpassade stöd där anhöriga kunde få sina behov tillgodosedda. Anpassade insatser och ökad tillgång till resurser kan minska anhörigas känslor av isolering och stress, vilket förbättrar deras hälsa och välbefinnande.Background: Dementia is a cognitive disorder that affects the brain, leading to a gradual decline in memory functions, learning ability, and emotional regulation. An aging population makes dementia a growing public health challenge, which means that more relatives are taking on the role of caregiver. Nurses emphasize the importance of relatives' roles in the care of patients with dementia, a crucial role that provides practical and emotional support. Aim: Where to briefly describe relatives' experiences of living with a person who has dementia. Method: A general literature review was conducted, including seven articles with qualitative methods, two articles with mixed methods, and one article with quantitative methods. Results: Similarities and differences in purpose and method were identified. Being a relative of a person with dementia involved significant life changes. Relatives described the caregiving role as demanding and emotionally burdensome. They struggled with managing their new caregiving role and expressed a great need for support to navigate this situation. Three themes were identified. Conclusion: The need for support and education was central, including social, emotional and culturally adapted support where relatives could have their needs met. Tailored interventions and increased access to resources can reduce caregivers' feelings of isolation and stress, thereby improving their health and well-being
Högläsning som en språkutvecklande aktivitet : En kvalitativ studie om förskollärares arbete med högläsning för att främja barns språkutveckling genom olika metoder och utmaningar som kan uppstå
No full textStudiens syfte var att undersöka hur förskollärare anser att högläsning kan främja barns språkutveckling. Av intresse var att undersöka vilka metoder och strategier förskollärare tillämpar i högläsningen samt vilka utmaningar som kan uppstå och hur de hanterar dessa. Genom en kvalitativ forkningsmetod har sju förskollärare intervjuats där de fick dela med sig av sina erfarenheter och perspektiv kring arbetet med högläsning. Utifrån ett sociokulturellt perspektiv har resultaten analyserats där det framkommer att förskollärare anser att högläsningen har en betydelsefull del i barns språkutveckling. Förskollärarna använder varierande metoder och strategier i aktivteterna för att skapa lustfylld och språkfrämjande högläsning. Slutsatsen av studien är att förskollärare arbetar målmedvetet med att skapa förutsättningar för barnen att delta i stimulerande högläsnngsaktiviteter där deras intressen och förutsättnigar tas i beaktande.
Att vårda patienter med självskadebeteende inom somatisk akutverksamhet
No full textBackground: Caring for patients with self-harming behaviour could be a complex and loaded area. Therefore, it is essential to highlight nurse's experiences of caring for patients in somatic emergency care in Sweden, which was identified when previous research was conducted. Patients with self-harming behaviour and nurses experience aspects that promote good care but also challenges and conditions that need to be improved. Purpose: To describe nurses experiences who care for patients with self-harm in somatic emergency care. Method: Quality design with an inductive approach. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 9 nurses from varied somatic emergency services in different parts of Sweden. Data was analysed with qualitative content analysis. Results: Consists of four categories; To be faced with different expressions of self-harm, To be touched for better or worse, To use abilities that promote good care and Not having the prerequisites to provide good care. Two categories don’t have subcategories, the others two categories are presented with six subcategories. The result ends with the theme; not trusting one's own abilities. Conclusion: Based on the result of the study, it does not fully agree with previous research. It was concluded that the study has produced a deeper understanding for good conditions of the subject of the study. Keywords: Experiences, nurses, self-harm, somatic emergency care and qualitative content analysis
Organisatoriska utmaningar vid integration av AI i produktutveckling: En studie om förändringshantering och medarbetaracceptans
No full textDATE: 9th June 2025 LEVEL: Master thesis in Industrial Engineering and Management, 30ECTS INSTITUTION: University School of Innovation, Design and Engineering, IDE, Mälardalens AUTHORS: Berkan Öz 9th April 2000, Johannes Atas 8th August 2001 TUTOR: Kristian Sandström KEYWORDS: AI, NPD, Employeeacceptance, Organizational Challenges TITLE: Organizational Challenges in Integrating AI into Product Development: A Study on Change Management and Employee Acceptance REASERCH QUESTION: RQ1: What organizational challenges arise when integrating AI into the NPD process? RQ2: What strategies can companies use to optimize/facilitate AI integration into the NPD process? RQ3:How can companies manage resistance to change when integrating AI into the NPD process? PURPOSE: This study aims to examine the organizational challenges that arise when integrating AI into the NPD process. By analyzing factors such as change management, leadership, and employee acceptance, the study aims to provide insights into how companies can optimize their AI integration and develop strategies for successful integration. METHOD: The study is based on a qualitative method with a deductive approach and data collection through semi-structured interviews combined with literature studies. The selection of respondents has been careful to ensure relevant experience of the subject. CONCLUSION: The study's conclusion shows that successful AI integration in the NPD process requires good change management, committed leadership and actively working to increase employee acceptance. The organizational challenges that often arise include uncertainty around work roles, lack of internal skills and communication. Furthermore, the study shows that strategies of early involvement among workers, training and a clear vision for the role of AI, prove to be positive
SJUKSKÖTERSKORS ERFARENHETER AV ATT VÅRDA PATIENTER I LIVETS SLUTSKEDE
No full textPalliative care at the end of life focuses on alleviating suffering and promoting quality of life for patients in the final stages of life. Previous research emphasizes the importance of communication, symptom relief, and support to meet the needs of patients and their families. The nurse’s role is central to creating dignified and person-centered care for patients in their final stages of life. Purpose: The purpose of this literature is about nurses` experiences in caring for patients at the end of life. Method: A literature review based on 12 articles with both qualitative, mixed method and quantitative approaches. Results: The literature review is presented with similarities and differences in results findings which is presented in various categories, which are: the challenges in communication, ethical dilemma, work environment and feelings of not being enough as a nurse. Conclusion: Nurses often experience problems related to time constraints and staff shortages, making it difficult to provide high-quality care of life for the patients. Another challenge faced by the nurses is difficulties in communications. It can be difficult for the nurses to provide good care and also pain management for those patients. Sometimes the relationship with the family members can both pose as a challenge or serve as a source for the nurses. Keywords: care of the end of life, moral distress, nurses, relatives, pain relief, work environment
Trygg skolmiljö - ett gemensamt ansvar : Aktörers uppfattning om trygghet och samverkan för trygghetsskapande.
No full textBakgrund: Att jobba trygghetsskapande är ett högst aktuellt ämne utifrån samhällets utformning, både på övergripande och organisatorisk nivå. Skolan är en arena för individen att utveckla sina sociala färdigheter utöver lärandet. Ungefär 45 procent av eleverna i årskurs nio har utsatts för någon form av brottslighet 2023. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att undersöka olika lokala samhällsaktörers uppfattning om trygghet samt samverkan för trygghetsarbete på högstadieskolor i en kommun i Västmanland län. Metod: En kvalitativ metod användes för att besvara syftet. Det genomfördes sex intervjuer, utifrån ett målstyrt och snöbollsurval. Intervjuerna spelades in, transkriberades och analyserades utifrån en manifest innehållsanalys, vilket resulterade i tre huvudkategorier. Informanterna var aktörer som arbetade inom kommunen och var insatta i högstadieskolornas arbete och samverkan. Resultat: Utifrån kategorin faktorer för otrygghet beskrivs förekomst av våld och hot, social utsatthet och substansbruk. I kategorin sektorsövergripande trygghetsförebyggande arbete behandlas aktörers upplevelse om hur kommunen arbetar med förebyggande arbete samt olika samverkansforum. Samverkan beskrivs som god i det stora hela med flera samverkansforum i form av skola, socialtjänst, polis och fritid och samverkansformen effektiv samverkan för trygghet. I sista kategorin utmaningar för trygghet beskrivs organisatoriska och fysiska villkor, bristande resurser och tydligare ramverk som utmaningar för samverkan och trygghetsskapande arbete. Slutsats: Samverkan uppfattas som god, med utvecklingsområden främst i samverkan mellan aktörer. Vuxennärvaro och goda relationer är centrala delar för att skapa en trygg skolmiljö. Nyckelord: ANDTS, samhällsaktörer, samverkan, skola, socialekologiska modellen, våld och hot.Background: Working to promote safety and security is a highly relevant issue considering how society is structured, both at a general and organizational level. The school serves as an important arena for individuals to develop their social skills beyond academic learning. In 2023, approximately 45 percent of ninth-grade students reported being exposed to some form of criminal activity. Aim: The aim of the study is to explore the perceptions of safety and various societal actors regarding collaboration for safety work in lower secondary schools in a municipality within Västmanland County. Method: A qualitative method was employed to address the aim of the study. Six interviews were conducted using purposive and snowball sampling strategies. The interviews were audio-recorded and subsequently transcribed, followed by a manifest content analysis process. The informants were actors working within the municipality who were familiar with the work and collaborative practices of lower secondary schools. Results: Under the main category Factors Contributing to Insecurity, participants described the presence of violence and threats, social vulnerability and substance use. In the main category Cross-sectoral Preventive Safety Work, informants described their perceptions of how the municipality engages in preventive efforts, including various interagency collaboration forums. Overall, collaboration was perceived as functioning well, with multiple cooperative structures involving schools, social services, the police, and recreational services, and through the collaboration model “Effective Cooperation for Safety”. The final main category, Challenges to Safety, highlights organizational and physical conditions, lack of resources, and the need for clearer frameworks as central challenges to effective collaboration and safety-promoting work. Conclusion: Collaboration is generally perceived as well-functioning, although there are areas for development, particularly in the coordination between different actors. Adult presence and strong interpersonal relationships are essential components in creating a safe and supportive school environment. Keywords: ANDTG, collaboration, school, social-ecological model, societal actors, violence and threat
Elevers svårigheter med taluppfattning : Speciallärares arbete med elever i årskurs 1-6 som har svårighter med taluppfattning
No full textDenna undersökning utgår från problemområdet att många elever i grundskolans tidigare år har svårigheter med grundläggande matematik, särskilt inom taluppfattning, utan att få tillräcklig hjälp. Detta kan leda till sämre resultat i matematik, svårigheter att ta till sig ny kunskap samt en negativ påverkan på mående och fortsatta studier.Syftet med undersökningen är att fördjupa kunskapen om elevers svårigheter samt belysa speciallärares främjande roll och uppdrag för att förebygga dessa svårigheter på individ-, gruppoch organisationsnivå för elever i årskurs 1–6.Undersökningen har använt en kvalitativ metod och genomförts genom sex semistrukturerade intervjuer med utbildade speciallärare. Resultatet visar att matematiksvårigheter inom taluppfattning kan bero på flera orsaker, såsom dyskalkyli, dyslexi, neuropsykiatriskafunktionsnedsättningar, matematikångest och elever med annat språk än svenska.Faktorer som gynnar speciallärares arbete för att utveckla elevers taluppfattning är bland annat att tidigt uppmärksamma svårigheterna, ge extra och särskilt stöd, samarbeta med ämneslärare samt delta i elevhälsoteam (EHT).Slutsatsen är att i grundskolans tidigare år förekommer diagnoser och andra faktorer som påverkar taluppfattningen, och undervisningen sker ofta i ordinarie klassrum utan att speciallärare med rätt kompetens är involverade. Detta gör att elever kan fortsätta att ha svårigheter utan att få lämpligt stöd, vilket också ökar belastningen på klasslärarna. Studien visar att speciallärares kompetens är viktig för att tidigt upptäcka och åtgärda faktorer som påverkar matematiksvårigheter inom taluppfattning, och att stödet ges på flera nivåer
English in higher education: a benefit or an obstacle? : A study of Swedish students' attitudes towards the use of English in higher education
No full textEnglish has a long-standing presence in Swedish society and is widely used in various conetexts, particularly in education, partly due to Sweden's multicultural character. Within universities and the academic world, it occupies a central role as both a medium of instruction and scholarly communication. Still, little research has examined students' attitudes toward the use of English in their education and how they perceive its impact on their langauge skills. The purpose of this study is to determine university students' attitudes toward the use of English in higher education and to examine how their abilities in speaking, writing and reading (in English, Swedish and other L1s) are affected by the use of English at university. To address these aims, a questionnaire was employed as a quantitative method and distributed to students at a university in central Sweden. The findings of this study showed an overall positive attitude from students towards the use of English in higher education. One of the most interesting findings shows that the use of English in higher education usually benefits students' vocabulary despite the difficulty level of academic English.
ATT VARA ANHÖRIG TILL NÄRSTÅENDE MED DEMENSSJUKDOM : En allmän litteraturöversikt ur anhörigas perspektiv
No full textBackground: Dementia is not a specific disease in itself but a collective name for several diseases that primarily affect memory, other cognitive abilities and behavior, which significantly impairs a person's ability to cope with everyday activities. This in turn has negative effects on the relatives of dementia sufferers as the relatives' health condition is directly or indirectly negatively affected in various ways over time. Purpose: The purpose was to describe the relatives' experiences of having a loved one with dementia. Method: The chosen method was a literature review that included a total of 13 articles, of which 12 articles were qualitative and 1 article was quantitative. Results: Three overarching themes were identified and these were changes in roles and relationships, physical and mental strain and communication difficulties. Conclusion: The relatives' experiences of having a loved one with dementia are characterized by emotional and practical challenges and involve a longterm adaptation for relatives. Roles and relationships change, communication difficulties arise and along the way relatives also experience mental and physical strain. Relatives need support and guidance to manage these complex situations. An individualized and personcentered approach is central to increasing the quality of life of both relatives and the person with dementia, and to maintaining dignity in everyday life.
A Comparative Analysis of Security Features and Code Smells in Ansible and Chef
No full textInfrastructure as Code (IaC) has become a cornerstone of modern network and system administration. Tools such as Ansible and Chef automate the configuration and deployment of infrastructure but may also introduce security risks if misused. This thesis presents a theoretical comparison of the security features, default configurations, and common code smells in Ansible and Chef. The analysis is based on a structured review of tool documentation and previous research on security vulnerabilities in IaC environments. In addition to the theoretical study, a lightweight prototype tool named csaf (Code Smell Analysis Framework) was developed to evaluate the practical feasibility of detecting security-related code smells. The tool combines static pattern matching with local LLM-based semantic analysis to identify common issues such as hard-coded credentials and suspicious comments. The results show that Ansible favors usability and minimal setup, while Chef provides stronger security defaults. However, both tools require manual intervention to achieve secure configurations. The prototype tool successfully identified several relevant smells in test scenarios, demonstrating how automated analysis can complement secure IaC practices