Publikationer från Högskolan i Jönköping
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Evaluating the Usability of Gamification Features in Learning Management Systems
No full textThis study investigated the usability of gamification features in Learning Management Systems (LMS), focusing on the Canvas platform. A mixed-methods approach was adopted, beginning with a literature review and followed by usability testing with 24 university students using Figma-based prototypes, one standard and one with gamification elements, as the study followed a between-subjects design. Quantitative data were collected through the System Usability Scale (SUS) scores, while qualitative insights were obtained via semi-structured interviews. The findings reveal that the gamified prototype achieved significantly higher SUS scores (M = 94.38) compared to the standard version (M = 71.67). The independent-sample t-test confirmed this difference to be statistically significant (p = 0.004), indicating that the gamified prototype was perceived as significantly more usable. Participants reported increased motivation, engagement, and emotional connection to features such as streaks, progress bars, and badges through the semi-structured interviews, although some noted potential stress from competitive elements. The study concludes that thoughtfully implemented gamification can enhance both usability and user satisfaction in LMS environments, offering practical insights for user-centered educational design
Pathways into, persistence in, and desistance from youth delinquency : A qualitative interview study on professionals’ work experiences of youth crime
No full textJuvenile delinquency is a research area that requires continuous monitoring, since the knowledge base of the field evolves alongside societal developments. This paper explores professional experiences related to the three processes of juvenile delinquency. In this regard, the three processes of juvenile delinquency explore professionals’ experiences of why adolescents enter, remain in, and disengage from delinquent behaviour. The paper is based on a qualitative thematic analysis. The data collection was executed through interviews with seven participants who have professional experience of juvenile delinquency. In the results, the interview participants stated that the causal factors that lead to adolescents being drawn into crime are exclusion in the school environment in the form of low academic results and behavioural patterns, as well as through exclusion that develops through a low socioeconomic status. Furthermore, the interview participants believe that additional factors that can lead to adolescents ending up in crime are exclusion from prosocial contexts, the availability of effortless income, and the need for thrill-seeking experiences, and these factors are also described as contributing factors to adolescents being kept in crime. Additional factors that contribute to adolescents being kept in crime are the parents' uncertainty about the adolescent’s circumstances, the adolescent’s feeling of belonging, and the criminal identity that is formed through the labeling process. The interview participants emphasize that interventions contributing to youth desistance from crime include supportive relationships, collaborative meetings and moving away from the neighbourhood. The conclusions highlight similar information, but with the addition that the experiences shared by the interview participants contribute to the labeling of some adolescents as deviants, based on the factors they mention, which leads to adolescents becoming involved in crime and remaining in such contexts. This also emphasizes only one perspective on which interventions are most effective in exiting juvenile delinquency.Ungdomsbrottslighet är ett forskningsområde som kräver kontinuerliga uppföljningar, eftersom kunskapsinnehållet inom ämnet förändras i takt med samhällsutvecklingen. Syftet med denna uppsats är att utforska olika professioners yrkeserfarenheter av ungdomsbrottslighetens tre processer. Dessa tre processer avser orsakerna till varför ungdomar dras in i, kvarhålls samt lämnar ett kriminellt beteende. Uppsatsen baseras på en tematisk kvalitativ analys. Datainsamlingen genomfördes genom intervjuer med sju deltagare som har yrkeserfarenheter genom deras arbeten av ungdomsbrottslighet. I resultatet framkommer att orsaker till att ungdomar dras in i kriminalitet är utanförskap i skolmiljön, i form av låga skolresultat och avvikande beteendemönster, samt utanförskap kopplat till familjebakgrund och/eller låg socioekonomisk status. Intervjudeltagarna lyfter även exkluderandet från sammanhang som är socialt accepterade, tillgången till lättförtjänta pengar samt behovet av rusupplevelser som bidragande orsaker, både till inträde i och kvarhållande i kriminalitet. Ytterligare faktorer som bedöms bidra till att ungdomar kvarhålls i kriminalitet är föräldrars ovisshet om ungdomens situation, ungdomens känsla av tillhörighet i kriminella miljöer samt en kriminell identitet som formas genom stämplingsprocessen. Intervjudeltagarna menar att insatser som får ungdomar att lämna kriminaliteten är främjande relationer, samverkansmöten samt att flytta från bostadsområdet. Slutsatserna bekräftar dessa beskrivningar, men tillför också att de faktorer som intervjudeltagarna nämner kan bidra till att ungdomar stämplas som avvikare, vilket i sig riskerar att förstärka deras kriminella livsstil. Vidare framhäver analysen att intervjudeltagarnas yrkeserfarenheter framför allt lyfter fram vissa insatser som effektiva, vilket innebär att endast ett begränsat perspektiv tydliggörs i frågan om vägar ut ur ungdomsbrottslighet
School nurses experiences of children and adolescents with problematic school absence : A qualitative empirical study based on interviews
No full textBakgrund: Problematisk skolfrånvaro påverkar barnets liv på både kort och lång sikt, men också dess omgivning och samhället i stort. Konsekvenserna kan leda till sämre förutsättningar att leva det liv och göra de livsval barnet önskar. Barn har enligt lag rätt till skolgång, jämlik vård och bästa möjliga hälsa. Skolsköterskor kan genom att arbeta personcentrerat identifiera och främja närvaro hos barn som har eller riskerar att få problematisk skolfrånvaro. Syfte: Att belysa skolsköterskors erfarenheter av att främja närvaro hos barn med problematisk skolfrånvaro. Metod: Nio kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer med skolsköterskor genomfördes. Induktiv ansats valdes och intervjuerna analyserades med kvalitativ manifest innehållsanalys. Resultat: Resultatet har två huvudkategorier; ”Samverkan –gemensamt mål är vägen framåt” och ”Skolsköterskan stödjer barnet”. Skolsköterskors samverkan är av betydelse för att främja närvaro hos barn med problematisk skolfrånvaro. Skolsköterskor kan genom personcentrerad vård göra skillnad för barnet genom att lyssna och skapa en trygg relation. Genom att stödja och motivera barnen till hälsosamma levnadsvanor och i elevhälsoteamet anpassa skolmiljön kan närvaro i skolan främjas. Slutsats: Skolsköterskor stöttar barn utifrån deras situation och med barnets bästa i fokus genom att arbeta personcentrerat. Problematisk skolfrånvaro är ett komplext problem där samverkan mellan flera olika professioner behövs. Background: Problematic school absence affects the child's life in both short and long term. The consequences can lead to reduced opportunities to live life and make the life choices the child wants. Children are entitled to education, equitable healthcare, and the highest attainable standard of health. The school nurse supports children by working in a person-centred way to identify and support children who have or are at risk of problematic school absence. Aim: To elucidate the school nurse's experiences of promoting attendance in children with problematic school absence. Method: Nine qualitative semi-structured interviews with school nurses were conducted. An inductive approach was chosen, and the interviews were analyzed with qualitative manifest content analysis. Results: The result has two main categories; “Collaboration - a common goal is the way to proceed” and “The school nurse provides support to the child”. School nurses' collaboration is of importance to promote attendance. The school nurse can make a difference for the child through listening and creating a safe relationship. School attendance can be promoted by motivating children to have a healthy lifestyle and adopt the school environment. Conclusion: The school nurse supports children based on their situation and by working person-centred. Problematic school absence is a complex problem where collaboration between several different professions is needed
”It's not a law of nature that fourteen, fifteen, sixteen-year-olds gets dragged in criminal gangs.”
No full textIn this study, we collected and analyzed political leaders' statements about gang criminals. The purpose was to use critical discourse analysis to examine how political discourse categorizes, positions, and reproduces gang criminals as a group. The empirical material consisted of three different political debates containing statements related to organized crime. The study's results showed that gang criminals were divided into two main categories: younger criminals and older criminals. Younger criminals were frequently portrayed as victims and defenseless, and older criminals were positioned as conscious ruthless perpetrators. This categorization was also reflected in proposed solutions in the analyzed debates, preventive solution proposals were more often linked to younger criminals and more repressive measures were primarily directed towards older criminals. Despite occasional challenges, this dichotomous categorization remained prominent throughout the analysis. Political narratives significantly influence public perceptions of gang criminals and can therefore impact social work practices and institutional approaches to addressing gang-related issues
Plastic Packaging Environment Sustainability
No full textIntroduction – Plastic packaging poses significant challenges to environmental sustainability. Its widespread presence in packaging components across all industries contributes extensively to global environmental degradation. Therefore, the purpose of this thesis is to investigate what key factors influence environmental sustainability of plastic packaging components, to understand how companies in the consumer market can improve circularity. Methodology – To achieve this purpose, the study employed a deductive research approach. The key factors were initially identified through an extensive theoretical framework. Following this, a qualitative study was conducted, involving semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders from the cosmetics industry. The data collected was analysed using thematic analysis, allowing for a comparison of theoretical insights with empirical observations. Results – The theoretical analysis identified five key factors influencing the environmental sustainability of plastic packaging: intrinsic properties of plastic, challenges of finding alternative materials, packaging design, the role of consumers, and legislation and regulation. The empirical findings reaffirmed these factors, with notable adjustments: the first two factors were combined into a single category due to their interrelated nature in practice, and cost, which initially was part of the factor “challenges of finding alternative materials”, was elevated as a distinct factor given its critical importance highlighted by interviewees. Conclusions – The study concludes that enhancing circularity in plastic packaging requires efforts focused on reducing the use of new plastics, improving recyclability through packaging design such as modular and mono-materials packaging components. Finally, engaging consumers effectively to adopt environmental sustainability practices, such as recycling, plays a key role in enhancing the circularity of plastic packaging. Implications – The results of this thesis can be used to help companies minimize the environmental impact of their plastic packaging and guide new research approaches
The Principal's work with diversity and inclusion in schools : A qualitative study
No full textSyftet med studien var att undersöka hur rektorer i en medelstor svensk kommun implementerar mångfald och inkludering i skolans verksamhet, samt vilka omständigheter som påverkar detta arbete. Studien genomfördes med en kvalitativ ansats genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med 12 deltagare, varav 10 kvinnor och två män. Analysen genomfördes med induktiv tematisk nätverksanalys, vilket resulterade i en nätverkskarta med ett globalt tema, fyra organiserande teman och flera grundläggande teman. Resultatet visade på stora variationer i hur arbetet med mångfald och inkludering bedrivs, vilket till stor del berodde på skolans kontext och rektorns personliga engagemang. Studien visade även att rektorns roll är komplex utifrån anpassning efter en stor mängd ramverk och politiska styrningar. Samtidigt som vårdnadshavare och elever påverkar deras arbete är skolan en del av ett samhälle som ständigt förändras och som ställer höga krav på skolan som verksamhet.
AI-Driven Text Simplification : Improving Web Accessibility for Cognitive Challenges
No full textMany people find it hard to read complex online texts, especially those with ADHD, dyslexia, memory difficulties, or who are learning a new language. This study looks at how AI can help make digital content easier to read. A prototype was developed that uses Puppeteer to extract website content and LLaMA 3.2 to simplify the text based on Easy-to-Read (E2R) guidelines. An online survey with 54 general readers and a usability test with nine participants who have reading challenges were conducted. Results showed that most people preferred the simplified version. In the online survey, 69% chose the AI version, and it was read about 33 seconds faster. In the usability test, reading time dropped by over 82%, and all participants answered the questions correctly. Many found the simplified version easier to read and understand, though some felt it missed details or sounded too casual. The findings suggest AI can support accessibility by reducing cognitive load, but the tone still matters. The study highlights both the benefits and limitations of using AI for real-time text simplification on websites
The Influence of Generative AI on Auditors’ comfort : How does generative AI influence auditors’ comfort in verifying and assessing AI-generated financial data?
No full textBackground: Generative Artificial intelligence (AI) is becoming increasingly prominent across society, including the auditing profession. Generative AI enhances audit quality by improving fraud detection and enabling the processing of larger data volumes. However, these advantages also challenge auditors’ roles, skillsets, and professional judgment. These changes raise questions about how auditors experience comfort and trust when working with data produced by generative AI. Purpose: This study aims to explore how the implementation of generative AI affects auditors, with a particular focus on their comfort and psychoemotional responses to changes in their work. Method: This study adopts an abductive research approach and applies a qualitative methodology. Data was collected through ten interviews with auditors and analysed through a thematic analysis. Conclusion: The study shows that generative AI’s integration into auditing is not merely a technical shift but a reconfiguration of how auditors build comfort, exercise judgment, and develop trust in their tools. Comfort is influenced by transparency, institutional support, and the extent to which human oversight remains central. While discomfort persists—particularly in complex or judgment-heavy tasks—the findings suggest that with proper training, clear implementation, and strategic alignment, generative AI can enhance both professional development and audit quality. Contribution: This study contributes to Comfort Theory by proposing an alternative model of comfort more aligned with the realities of auditing and other technology-intensive profession.
Ownership Matters : Auditor Perceptions of Audit Quality and Stakeholder Expectations in Sweden
No full textBackground: Auditing plays a fundamental role in promoting transparency and ensuring quality of financial reporting. The auditor’s professional role is shaped by a complex interplay of structural conditions, such as ownership structures, and institutional factors including legal frameworks, industry norms, and societal expectations. Together, these factors constitute the context in which auditors operate and influence how their responsibilities are performed across different organizational environments. Purpose: Explore how ownership structures influence auditors´ perceived audit quality, independence and expectations, specifically focusing on how auditors perceive these dynamics in the Swedish audit context. Method: This study adopts a qualitative research design using semi-structured interviews with auditors who worked with privately owned and publicly listed enterprises. The analysis is grounded in institutional theory, which provides a lens to understand how formal regulations, norms and external pressures shape the expectations placed on auditors. Conclusion: The results show that ownership structure significantly affects the auditor´s role, especially regarding relational dynamics, professional independence and the expectations placed upon them. In private firms, auditors are often expected to take on advisory roles, whereas in public firms, stricter regulatory demands enforce a more formalized and independent approach.
Testing Cyber-Physical Systems Using NLP Models
No full textThis thesis investigated the effectiveness of natural language processing models in automating test generation for Flutter applications that use Bluetooth com- munication, an aspect of cyber-physical systems that remains underexplored. The study evaluated four open-source natural language processing-based code generation models: StarCoder, GPT-NeoX, CodeGen, and CodeT5, focusing on their ability to generate end-to-end and integration tests. A structured experimental methodology was used to assess each model’s output across three levels of prompt complexity. The results showed that while models such as StarCoder demonstrate some logical structure, none of the models produced fully functional tests without manual intervention. Edge case handling, such as unstable connections and device compatibility, proved particularly challenging. The findings highlight the current limitations of small-scale natural language processing models in cyber-physical system testing scenarios and emphasize the need for more advanced models, improved prompt strategies, and domain-specific fine-tuning to close the performance gap between human and machine-generated tests