Publikationer från Högskolan i Jönköping
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Comparison of angular measurements by 2D and 3D gait analysis
No full textAbstract Objective: To validate the use of a 2-dimensional video based system (Hu-m-an digitizing software, HMA Technology Inc. Ontario, Canada), for measuring sagital plane knee and ankle angles during gait analysis. Design: Criterion-based, concurrent validation. Participants: 18 persons without any gait disorders. Method: The participants were subjected to simultaneous capture of their motion data with a digital video camera filming in the sagital plane only, and a 3-dimensional optoelectronic motion capture system (Qualisys Medical AB, Gothenburg, Sweden). The data was analyzed both using Hu-m-an digitizing software (HMA Technology Inc. Ontario, Canada) and Visual 3D (C-motion Inc., Kingston, Canada) respectively. Outcome: Relative angles for the knee and ankle. Results: Significant difference was found between the systems for measuring ankle angles (p<0,05). No significant difference was found for measuring knee angles at stance, but significant differences was present during swing and at IC (p<0,05). Even though significant differences were found, the correlation, between the two systems, was high for the knee, and moderate to high for the ankle. Conclusion: Hu-m-an digitizing software (HMA Technology Inc. Ontario, Canada) has been demonstrated to be a promising tool for measuring 2-dimensional sagital plane knee and ankle angles, but cannot be validated from this study alone. Keywords: Gait measurement, validation, 2-dimensional analysis, 3-dimensional analysis, digitizing, kinematics, joint angles.Sammanfattning Målsättning: Att validera användningen av ett 2-dimensionellt videobaserat system (Hu-m-an digitizing software, HMA Technology Inc. Ontario, Canada), för att mäta knä- och ankelvinklar i sagittalplanet under gång. Design: Criterion-based, concurrent validation. Deltagare: 18 personer utan gångproblem. Metod: Deltagarens rörelsemönster mättes av en digital videokamera som filmade i sagittalplanet och av ett 3-dimensionellt optoelektroniskt rörelsesanalyssystem (Qualisys Medical AB, Gothenburg, Sweden) samtidigt. Data analyserades genom att använda både Hu-m-an digitaliseringsmjukvara (HMA Technology Inc. Ontario, Canada) och Visual 3D (C-motion Inc., Kingston, Canada). Undersökta parametrar: Relativa vinklar för knä och ankel. Resultat: Signifikant skillnad observerades mellan systemen vid mätning av ankelvinkeln (p<0,05). Ingen signifikant skillnad observerades vid mätning av knävinklar i ståfasen, men signifikant skillnad observerades i svingfasen och vid hälkontakt (p<0,05). Även om det fanns en signifikant skillnad var korrelationen mellan de två systemen hög för knäet, och moderat till hög för ankeln. Konklusion: Hu-m-an digitaliseringsmjukvaran (HMA Technology Inc. Ontario, Canada) tyder på att vara ett lovande verktyg för att mäta 2-dimensionella knä- och ankelvinklar i sagittalplanet, men kan inte valideras enbart ifrån denna studie. Nyckelord: Gång mätningar, validering, 2-dimensionel analys, 3-dimensionel analys, digitalisering, kinematik, led vinklar
The Impact of Viral Marketing on Brand Awareness: The Study of SMEs.
No full textIntroduction: Mass marketing techniques have dominated the marketing strategies implemented by companies worldwide. Media such as radio, television, newspapers, direct mail etc. were the ones carrying out the message to the large audience. The rapid growth of digital media opened new marketing possibilities for businesses, now the masses can be reached faster and more efficiently. The digital media capabilities can help businesses to spread viral messages to the mass market; like viruses. It is very powerful technique to be used to increase brand awareness of the organization. Problem: As Berthon, Ewing and Napoli (2008) stated in their work that the band awareness literature has focused almost only on large multinational brands, where SMEs were not taken into consideration. Therefore, it is interesting in current study to address the lack of research focused on the use of viral marketing by SMEs to increase their brand awareness. Thus this thesis aims to fulfill this gap in the academic research. Purpose: The purpose of the thesis is to investigate how Small and Medium-size Enterprises use Viral Marketing and what impact it has on their brand awareness, moreover, thesis also aims to identify how SMEs create successful Viral Marketing campaign. Method: The empirical data was collected through three interviewa with the CEOs and owners of organizations located in USA, Belgium and Sweden. There were two phone interviews with representatives of USA and Belgium companies and one face-to-face interview with the respondent from Swedish company. Frame of Reference: Frame of references used in this thesis consists of theories regarding Viral Marketing, Branding and Brand Awareness. The authors have summarized the frame of reference by developing a model that integrates viral marketing and brand awareness. The model will help us out when formulating questions and when analyzing the empirical findings. Conclusion: The authors have come to the conclusion that viral marketing does have an effect on brand awareness, but to different extend for different SMEs. In some SMEs the increased brand awareness is more clear and can be seen immediately, such as increased sales, increased frequency on the webpage and billions of viewers on their video campaign on Youtube, while others only got more friends on Facebook and small increase in sales then before the viral marketing campaign. This study points out that SMEs need to implement as many strategies as possible (slogan, jingle, symbols, slogan), but that is not enough. They also need to be unique, creative and clever when implementing a viral marketing campaign
Hur barn får hjärnskakning - en kartläggning över i vilka aktiviteter, miljöer och under vilka omständigheter barn får hjärnskakning
No full textAnhörigvårdares uppfattningar om produkter, teknologi och webbaserade tjänster - en litteraturöversikt.
No full textUtländskt giftorättsgods : särskilt om lagvalsfrågan
No full textThe purpose of this essay is to investigate whether joint accommodation and house-holds located in a foreign country is included in the term material property in the Swedish material law or if it is limited to include only property located or situated in Sweden. In additional to the material law there is two essential acts which deal which partners capital relationship due to the marriage dissolution. One deals with the ma-terial relationships between Nordic marriages and the other one between non-Nordic marriages. This thesis elucidates the adaptation of both acts and clarifies which law is the applicable one in each scenario
Sociala Medier : Interagera, engagera och komplettera
No full textSocial media has made it possible to have a conversation in real time through audio, images and text, with anyone worldwide. The easy availability of social media has created a new society. Companies and organizations have the opportunity to interact with their audiences and their target in a way not previously possible. Welcome to the Web 2.0 world! Social media is a collective name for the communication channels that allow users to communicate directly with each other in real time through text, image or sound. Examples of social media are blogs, SMS, Skype, Facebook, Flickr, Youtube, Linkedin and Myspace. The purpose of this essay is to explore social media's role and opportunities in terms of being able to influence companies and organizations marketing communication. We have used a qualitative approach and our thesis is based on a qualitative text analysis study where we have analyzed 13 articles (the articles are from scholarly journals, magazines and trade/professional) from 2007 to 2009. During the analysis, we chose to make use of sub queries that would lead us to our main question, how social media can influence companies and organizations marketing communication. The results of our study show that social media includes everything that the traditional media is not. Social media is an arena dominated by the user and social media is about people. It gives us a unique opportunity to connect with other users. We can interact, socialize and create community. Social media serves as a good complement to other media to reach a certain audience or audiences. It requires no great financial need rather than engagement, says many of the article writers. Social media offers excellent opportunities for companies and organizations both for good and bad. Within just a few seconds, it can both help and destroy your brand. Companies and organizations need to change their mindset and approach and become more receptive to new ideas in the future. However, traditional media should not be excluded entirely from advertising work.Sociala medier har gjort det möjligt att ha en konversation i realtid via ljud, bild och text, över hela världen. Den lätta tillgängligheten till sociala medier har skapat ett nytt samhälle. Företag och organisationer har fått möjligheten att interagera med sin publik och sina målgrupper på ett sätt som inte tidigare var möjligt. Välkommen till webb 2.0-världen! Sociala medier är ett samlingsnamn på kommunikationskanaler som tillåter användare att kommunicera direkt med varandra i realtid genom text, bild eller ljud. Exempel på sociala medier är bloggar, SMS, Skype, Facebook, Flickr, Youtube, Linkedin och Myspace. Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka sociala mediers roll och möjligheter vad gäller att kunna påverka företag och organisationers marknadskommunikation. Vi har använt oss av en kvalitativ metod och vår uppsats bygger på en kvalitativ textanalys där vi har analyserat 13 artiklar (artiklarna kommer från vetenskapliga tidskrifter, populärtidskrifter samt yrkestidskrifter) från år 2007 fram till 2009. Under analysarbetet valde vi att använda oss av arbetsfrågor som skulle leda oss till vår huvudfråga, hur sociala medier kan påverka företag och organisationers marknadskommunikation. Resultatet från vår undersökning visar att sociala medier innefattar allt som de traditionella medierna inte är. Sociala medier är en arena som domineras av användare och handlar om människor. Det ger oss en unik möjlighet att ta kontakt med andra användare. Vi kan interagera, socialisera och skapa gemenskap. Sociala medier fungerar som ett bra komplement till andra medier för att nå en viss publik eller målgrupp. Det krävs ingen större budget istället behöver sociala medier engagemang, menar många artikelförfattare. Sociala medier erbjuder enastående möjligheter för företag och organisationer både på gott och ont, inom bara några sekunder kan det både hjälpa och stjälpa ditt varumärke. Företag och organisationer måste i framtiden förändra sitt tankesätt och synsätt och bli mer mottagliga för nya idéer. Dock ska inte traditionella medier uteslutas helt från marknadsföringsarbetet
Seven years of experimental warming and nutrient addition causes decline of bryophytes and lichens in alpine meadow and heath communities
No full textGlobal change is predicted to have large and rapid impact on polar and alpine regions. Bryophytes and lichens increase their importance in terms of biomass, carbon/nutrient cycling, cover and ecosystem functioning at higher latitudes/altitudes. Here we report from a seven year factorial experiment with nutrient addition and warming on the abundance of bryophytes and lichens in an alpine meadow and heath community. Treatments had significant negative effect on relative change of total abundance bryophytes and lichens, the largest decline to the nutrient addition and the combined nutrient addition and warming treatments, bryophytes decreasing most in the meadow, lichens most in the heath. Nutrient addition, and the combined nutrient addition and warming brought rapid decrease in both bryophytes and lichens, while warming had a delayed negative impact. Of sixteen species that were included the statistical analyses, we found significant negative effects on seven species. We show that impact of simulated global change on bryophytes and lichens differ in in time and magnitude among treatments and plant communities. Our results underscore the importance of longer-term studies to improve the quality of climate change models, as short-term studies are poor predictors of longer-term responses of bryophytes and lichens, similar to what have been shown for vascular plants. Species-specific responses may differ in time, and this will likely cause changes in the dominance structures of bryophytes and lichens over time
A framework for strict structured literature reviews within management research and management education : establishing a model for evidence-based management and increased scholarly interaction
No full textOver the last decade, the systematic literature review has extended to management research and management education. The purpose of this paper is to present an alternative method named Strict Structured Literature Review (SSLR), to provide a robust selection of articles for starting a longitudinal study or as a fast reliable and transparent method reviewing literature for shorter work under a time-limit, for example research projects or educational assignments. A properly executed Strict Structured Literature Review will lead to the desirable outcome of connecting researchers, or students, with practitioners and create conditions for evidence-based management based on already existing research results. Using a Strict Structured Literature Review would create a publishing strategy where research funders return on investments (ROI) can be met through increased implementation of earlier research results in organizational decision making as well as extended scholarly communication. This is completely in line with the movement towards open science. At the same time, the method for Strict Structured Literature Review fosters a development within management education towards evidence-based management and scholarly interaction