Publikationer från Högskolan i Jönköping
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Income Inequality and Crime Rates : Evidence from Swedish Municipalities
No full textThis paper explores whether income inequality is associated with crime rates across Swedish municipalities. The topic has gained attention due to increasing concerns about inequality and criminal activity in Sweden. The aim is to investigate whether a measurable correlation exists between income inequality, measured by the Gini coefficient, and two types of crime: violent and property crime. Based on prior research, the expectation is that higher income inequality leads to higher crime rates. There is, however, limited empirical research on this relationship in the Swedish context. We conduct a panel data analysis using a fixed effects model covering all 290 municipalities in Sweden from 2011 to 2023. The results do not show a statistically significant relationship between income inequality and violent or property crime. These findings suggest that income inequality alone is not a strong predictor of crime in Sweden at the municipality level, indicating that other social or structural factors play a larger role.
Life satisfaction throughout work-life transitions in Europe
No full textWork can be more than just a component of most individuals’ daily routines; it can influence how we feel and asses our lives. Moreover, career development is a process that tends to include different phases and transitions. Even individuals with highly stable career paths eventually transition into retirement. This study explores the relationship between work-life transitions and life satisfaction in seven European Union countries from 2011 until 2022, with a sample of individuals over 45. The data source of this analysis is SHARE, which stands for the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe. The analysis drew upon the logic of Markovian Models (MM) to create a transition variable capturing changes between employment, self- employment, unemployment, and retirement. A panel data analysis is utilized for its advantages in controlling for unobserved heterogeneity and capturing dynamic relationships. The findings provide statistically significant evidence that transitions from unemployment to employment or self-employment, from self-employment to unemployment, and from retirement to self- employment display a positive association with life satisfaction compared to the reference category of transitioning from employment to retirement, which has implications for older adults’ well-being, labor-related and retirement policymaking in Europe.
Shortened workflow in palliative radiotherapy. : - A study of the perception ofquality related to patient safety.
No full textNär man drabbas av cancer är det viktigt för patientens livskvalitet att snabbt få vård och att den sker på ett så smidigt sätt som möjligt. Många patienter med en spridd cancer som inte går att bota har en önskan om att få vara hemma så mycket som möjligt och minimera antalet sjukhusbesök. I denna masteruppsats beskriver författaren ett genomfört förbättringsarbete där ledtiderna kortats vid palliativ strålbehandling för patienter med metastaser i skelettet samt att kontinuiteten har ökat genom att antalet vårdgivare som patienten möter har minskat. En studie har genomförts av hur medarbetarna upplevde det nya arbetssättet med kortare ledtider och ökat teamarbete med fokus på patientsäkerhet. Studien har genomförts med semistrukturerade intervjuer och har analyserats med hjälp av reflexiv tematisk analys. Resultatet från förbättringsarbetet visar att det genom ett förändrat arbetsflöde går att väsentligt förkorta ledtiderna för varje patient och att det nya arbetssättet har minskat antalet sjuksköterskor som patienten träffar från fyra till två. Utifrån patientsäkerhetsperspektivet säkerhet-II visar studien att medarbetarna upplever att patientsäkerheten har stärkts med det nya flödet. Flera av resultaten som lyfts i studien kopplar ihop med säkerhet-II där arbetet sker mer proaktivt än reaktivt med patientsäkerhetsfrågor. Upplevelsen är att teamarbetet och den korta ledtiden har positiva effekter för patientsäkerhet då kommunikationen mellan medarbetare och med patienten blir lättare och mer tydlig samt att de korta ledtiderna bidrar till att behandlingen grundas på helt nytagna röntgenbilder och ett aktuellt status vilket i sin tur stärker patientsäkerheten.Upon receiving a diagnosis of cancer, it is crucial for the patient’s quality of life to obtain care quickly and seamlessly. Many patients with advanced, incurable cancer express a desire to remain at home as much as possible and to minimize hospital visits. In this master’s thesis, the author describes a quality improvement initiative aimed at reducing lead times for palliative radiotherapy in patients with skeletal metastases. The project also sought to increase continuity of care by reducing the number of healthcare providers each patient encounters. A study was conducted to explore how healthcare professionals experienced the new working method, which involved shorter lead times and increased team-based collaboration with a focus on patient safety. The study used semi-structured interviews and was analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. The results of the improvement project demonstrate that it is possible to significantly reduce lead times for each patient through a restructured workflow. Furthermore, the number of nurses involved in each patient’s care was reduced from four to two. From the perspective of patient safety and based on the Safety-II framework, staff reported that the new workflow enhanced patient safety. Several findings in the study align with Safety-II principles, where patient safety work is proactive rather than reactive. Staff reported that teamwork and shorter lead times had positive effects on patient safety, facilitating clearer and more effective communication among colleagues and with patients. In addition, the reduced lead times allowed for treatment decisions to be based on up-to-date imaging and current patient status, which further contributed to improved patient safety
The Impact of Leadership Styleson Organizational Culture inMultinational Corporations : A Cross-Cultural Analysis of Leadership Effectiveness in International Business Environments
No full textThis study examines how leadership styles are presented in MNC subsidiaries and whether this varies in light of a consistent global corporate identity. Through document analysis of corporate documents from four MNCs (Ericsson, Volvo Group, ABB and Unilever), the paper utilizes Braun and Clarke’s thematic analysis to analyze patterns of leadership discourse in a cross-cultural setting. The results suggest that a trade-off is reached between global coherence and local adaptation. Some organizations hold a common view on how leader talk should look; others tend to be more flexible in allowing for variations in tone and framing consistent with local cultural values (e.g., power distance, individualism). These differences are interpreted based on Hofstede´s cultural dimensions, the GLOBE study and Schein´s model of organizational culture. The study adds to the cross-cultural leadership literature by demonstrating the role of leadership communication as a resource for cultural responsiveness and organizational authority. Implications for practice are presented for managers who want to lead efficiently in a culturally diverse environment.
When Brands Become Personal: Who is Taking the Fall in the Wake of an Influencer Scandal? : A Study on Consumer Attitudes Toward Social Media Influencer-Founded Brands
No full textBackground: Social Media Influencers (SMI) have evolved the digital landscape, not only influencing consumers on what brands to buy from, but they are today founding their own. Social Media Influencer-founded brands (SMIFB) illustrate a new category of brands. While the SMI´s visibility and already established relationships can drive a brand’s initial success, this close association also presents a possible vulnerability. Previous research has investigated SMI-endorsers' impact on consumers' attitudes towards the brands they endorse. However, how consumers respond to brands when their SMI-founder is caught in a scandal remains undiscovered. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate how scandals involving the SMI-founder impact consumers' attitudes toward a Social Media Influencer-Founded Brand (SMIFB). Foremost, focused on public disclosure of SMI actions that contradict their established image and communicated values. The study aims to provide valuable knowledge in the fields of consumer behavior and the new categories of brands with an SMI as their founder. Method: The study followed a qualitative, inductive approach based on semi-structured interviews with twelve Swedish women aged 18-30. Data was analyzed through a thematic analysis, identifying themes and patterns in emotional and behavioral reactions among consumers. Conclusion: The research concludes that an SMI-scandal led to negative consumer attitudes towards the SMIFB, in terms of purchase withdrawal, brand distance, and brand association discomfort. These behavioral attitude consequences stemmed from disappointment and broken trust for the SMI-founder, consumers' fear of judgment of others, and a sense of value signaling. To restore attitudes, consumers demand SMI-founder accountability and separation between the SMI and the SMIFB, underscoring the reputational fragility of SMIFB’s in the light of SMI-scandals.
Leasing versus Owning Textiles in the Circular Economy: Economic, Social, and Environmental Impacts
No full textBackground: Most aspects of the textile industry rely on a model where products are made, used, and disposed of. The system is damaging to nature by wasting resources, creating huge piles of waste and pollution. The environment suffers because many resources and chemicals are used to produce clothing and go into landfills. In addition, fast fashion encourages the consumption of many products. The research explores leasing textiles as a model that supports the core ideas of a circular economy, which encourages reuse, recycling, and maximum use of available resources. Aim: This research reviews the economic, social, and environmental aspects of textile leasing and ownership to judge how viable and sustainable this approach is in the industry. Methodology: A semi-structured interview approach was chosen for ten participants. Themes were identified through analysis of the interview data. Findings: The results confirm that companies can achieve steady gains and lower costs through textile leasing, whereas consumers access top-quality textiles at an affordable cost. Leasing is good for the environment because it reduces waste and makes products last longer, even though logistics and upkeep are still major obstacles to overcome. The choice to purchase textiles rather than use them on a temporary basis influences people to resist using sharing services. Recommendations: More support for leasing can be achieved by setting up smart infrastructure, teaching customers about the benefits, and encouraging these models with positive policies. The findings presented in this study support the growth of knowledge about sustainable textile practices and assist all groups involved in advancing the transition to circular economy models in the textile sector
The Impact of Remote Work on Employee Well-being in IT Companies
No full textBackground: Remote work has seen a significant increase in recent years, primarily due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The IT sector was one of the most affected sectors, mainly because of its preexisting ability to operate virtually and thus, many people working in IT companies are still working remote, even after the pandemic has been eradicated. The existing literature on remote work and employee well-being is substantial, but research on the connection between them is inadequately reviewed and since remote work has gained terrain in recent years, and employee well-being is a subject of interest for every IT employee working in such arrangements, further research on this connection is required. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to examine the impact of remote work on employee well-being within the IT sector. The focus is on identifying both advantages and disadvantages of working remotely, while exploring how this type of work arrangements affects various aspects of employees’ lives. By examining this relationship, the study wishes to understand how remote work affects the overall well-being of employees in IT companies. Method: The thesis is qualitative in nature, and it follows an interpretivist paradigm. The primary data was collected through semi-structured interviews, and the data analysis was founded on thematic analysis. Conclusion: Remote work is found to affect employee well-being in the IT sector in complex and dual ways. Greater autonomy and flexibility usually improved motivation and satisfaction, although hazards such as work-life overlap and loneliness were consequential. The study reveals that emotional support, human interaction, and the organizational culture play major roles in forming remote work experiences. It was found that individual strategies for coping and the help provided by employers greatly influenced well-being in a positive way. In essence, the outcomes of this thesis show that remote work may foster employee well-being if it is planned with people’s needs as a central consideration
"I think I'll be fine without books actually" : A qualitative study on secondary students' and teachers' experiences of reading enjoyment in the swedish subject
No full textFöreliggande studie utgår från gymnasieelevers läsning och motivation att läsa. Syftet är att belysa elevers och lärares syn på faktorer och metoder som kan stimulera läslust. Studien utgår från självbestämmandeteorin (Ryan & Deci, 2020). Metoden för studien har bestått av två semistrukturerade intervjuer i fokusgrupper, varav den ena bestod av elever och den andra lärare. Resultatet visar att elevernas inre motivation hämmas på grund av begränsat inflytande över litteratururvalet, bristen på öppen läsning och klassrumsklimatet. Lärare upplever att det blir allt svårare att undervisa om skönlitteratur i skolan om inte samhället uppmuntrar till läsning. Det framgår att eleverna upplever att de inte är i behov av skönlitteratur för sin egen personliga utveckling. I och med att viljan inte finns ser de heller inte syftet med läsning i skolan.This study is based on secondary school pupils reading and motivation to read. The aim is to shed light on pupils’ and teachers’ views on factors and methods that can stimulate the desire to read. The study is based on the self-determination theory (Ryan & Deci, 2020). The method of the study has consisted two semi-structured interviews in focus groups, one consisting of pupils and the other teachers. The results show that pupils’ intrinsic motivation is hampered by limited influence over literature selection, the lack of open reading and the classroom climate. Teachers feel that it is becoming increasingly difficult to teach fiction in school if society does not encourage reading. It appears that pupils feel that they do not need fiction for their own personal development. Since the will is not there, they do not see the purpose of reading in school
Opportunities and Challenges in the Multilingual Classroom : A Qualitative Study on How Primary Teachers Perceive the Use of Pupils' Multilingual Resources in Swedish Language Education
No full textSverige är ett mångkulturellt samhälle vilket speglas i skolans höga andel av flerspråkiga elever. Tidigare forskning betonar vikten av att stötta och ta tillvara flerspråkighet i undervisningen genom att betrakta elevers språkliga repertoar som en resurs för lärande och identitetsutveckling. Syftet med föreliggande studie är således att undersöka hur lärare i årskurs F-3 uppfattar undervisning i svenskämnet för flerspråkiga elever samt hur lärarna förhåller sig till elevernas språkliga resurser. Studien utgår från ett sociokulturellt perspektiv på lärande med särskilt fokus på den proximala utvecklingszonen och begreppet stöttning. Metoden bygger på semistrukturerade intervjuer med sex lärare som undervisar i ämnet svenska eller svenska som andraspråk i årskurs F-3. Resultatet visar att lärarna stöttar flerspråkiga elevers språkutveckling genom att använda språkutvecklande strategier, tar hänsyn till elevernas tidigare erfarenheter, antar ett transspråkande förhållningssätt samt genom att nivåanpassa undervisningen. Samtidigt pekar studiens resultat på utmaningar i relation till skolans resurser och elevernas språkutveckling vilket leder till att en enspråkig norm kan uppstå.Sweden is a multicultural society, which is reflected in the high proportion of multilingual students in school. Previous research emphasizes the importance of supporting and valuing multilingualism in education by viewing students’ linguistic repertoires as a resource for learning and identity development. The purpose of the present study is therefore to investigate how teachers in grades F-3 perceive teaching in the subject of Swedish for multilingual students, as well as how the teachers relate to the students’ linguistic resources. The study is based on a sociocultural perspective on learning, with particular emphasis on the zone of proximal development and the concept of scaffolding. The method consists of semi structured interviews with six teachers who teach either Swedish or Swedish as a second language in grades F-3. The results show that the teachers support multilingual students' language development by employing language-promoting strategies, considers the students' previous experiences, adopts a translanguaging approach, and differentiating instruction according to proficiency levels. At the same time, the results point to challenges related to school resources and students' language development, which may contribute to the reinforcement of a monolingual norm.
