Publikationer från Högskolan i Jönköping
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Caries Risk factors with children and adolescents in Western Europe with a foreign background
No full textThe aim was to examine how socioeconomic and cultural factors affect the risk of caries among children and adolescents with a foreign background in Western Europe. Method: A general literature study was conducted based on 18 peer-reviewed scientific articles published between 2015 and 2024. Articles were retrieved from the databases of CINAHL (DOSS) and Medline, using defined search terms and inclusion/exclusion criteria and were assessed to be of high quality. Results: Socioeconomic factors such as low parental education, income and unemployment were linked to an increased risk of caries. Other influential factors included the ages of the mother and child at migration as well as the parent`s country of origin in health literacy also contributed. In addition, sociocultural aspects like negative attitudes toward dental care, language barriers, poor oral hygiene, and unhealthy lifestyle habits influenced care seeking behaviors and preventive practices. Conclusion: Children and adolescents with a foreign background in Western Europe are at greater risk of caries due to the combined effects of socioeconomic and sociocultural factors. Key risk factors include low parental education, income, and health literacy. More qualitative research is needed to deepen understanding and capture variation within migrant groups across Western Europe.
Enhancing Visualization for High-Throughput CALPHAD Alloy Screening : Bridging Gaps and Enhancing Tools
No full textHigh-throughput CALPHAD screening (HTCS) enables rapid exploration and optimization of alloy compositions through simulations, but the resulting data is both large and high-dimensional, posing a significant challenge when it comes to effectively analyzing and visualizing the output. This thesis addresses the need for more interactive and intuitive visualization tools tailored to handle HTCS output. The thesis explores how advanced visualization techniques can support exploration and analysis for the development and optimization of alloys. An interactive system was developed to investigate this, with two main visualization plots, parallel coordinates and barycentric coordinates. Feedback from researchers guided an iterative development process. The developed tool improves the ability to explore and interpret complex HTCS data, demonstrating the potential of interactive visualization to support alloy design and materials research
Optimizing Assembly Efficiency in Modular Industrial Products: Evaluation of Joining Elements and Interface Design : A study on the impact of joining strategies, modular architecture, and functional analysis on improving assembly performance.
No full textThe selection of joining methods plays an important role in the design and assembly of modular products, influencing factors such as manufacturing cost, assembly time, structural performance, and overall efficiency. This thesis investigates and compares three joining concepts, bolted joints, quick-release pins, and mechanical interlocking, in the context of a modular design assembly. The objective is to evaluate each solution based on its impact on assembly complexity, structural integrity, and cost-effectiveness. A structured evaluation approach was applied, combining finite element analysis (FEA) to assess mechanical performance, Methods-Time Measurement (MTM) for estimating assembly time, and a fitting index method to evaluate assembly difficulty. A cost analysis was also conducted based on component pricing and estimated labor effort. The results show clear differences between the joining methods, with the mechanical interlocking concept emerging as the most efficient solution in terms of assembly speed, simplicity, and overall cost. The study highlights the trade-offs involved in each approach and provides a decision-support framework to guide the selection of joining methods in modular product development. The findings contribute to the broader goal of improving design for assembly in manufacturing systems.
Implementation of Model-Based Definition in the Defence Industry : A Strategic Approach to Digital Transformation of Product Definition
No full textPurpose – The purpose of the study was to explore the challenges and opportunities associated with the implementation Model-Based Definition in the defence industry, and to provide structured guidance on how Model-Based Definition can be successfully adopted within such an organization. Methodology – This qualitative study was conducted within a defence-sector organization to ensure real-world relevance. The Design Research Methodology framework guided the research, incorporating the stages of Research Clarification, Descriptive Study I, and Prescriptive Study. Data collection included a preliminary study, interviews, document studies, and a workshop. Thematic and content analysis were conducted to identify key themes and topics. Findings – The study identified challenges, opportunities, and actionable recommendations for implementing Model-Based Definition. The challenges identified were Resistance to Change, Knowledge Gap, Technical Limitations, Supplier Readiness, Lack of Cross-Functional Alignment, and Maturity of the Organization. The opportunities identified were Efficiency Gains, Data Consistency, Improved Quality, Standardization and Process Optimization, User Experience and Adoption, and Long-Term Value. The recommendations for a structured implementation were Implement Structured Change Management, Conduct Strategic Planning, Apply Phased Implementation, Integrate PLM and ERP Systems, and Define Artifact Strategy. Practical Implications – The insights from this study could guide organizations in planning and executing Model-Based Definition initiatives. The findings offered a foundation for structured transformation efforts and can help organizations navigate the organizational and technical complexities of implementation. Theoretical Implications – The study confirmed and extended the socio-technical understanding of Model-Based Definition by integrating technical and organizational factors. It contributed with defence-specific insights and structured recommendations that could support both future research and implementation in other regulated industries. Limitations – The study was exploratory and conceptual, and the proposed strategies were not empirically tested. Findings were based solely on qualitative data, and the Design Research Methodology was only partially applied, with the final evaluation phase excluded. Real-world validation remains pending, which may limit the generalisability of the results beyond similar organizational and industrial contexts
Designing Assembly Systems for Long-Term Automation Goals : A Multiple Case Study on Designing Reconfigurable & Quality Focused Assembly Systems
No full textPurpose: In the manufacturing industry, companies are required to developassembly systems that can adapt to fluctuating market demands andtechnological advancements. Long-term automation goals play a role inguiding the evolution from manual assembly systems to semiautomation and eventually to full automation. However, transitioningto different automation levels involves significant challenges. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to:Investigate how to support long-term automation goals into the designof a reconfigurable assembly system, without compromising productquality. Methodology: The study had a qualitative research approach and a multiple casestudy design. Six manufacturing companies that prioritized productquality were involved. Data collection involved twelve semistructured interviews and three structured observations. Thematicanalysis was used to identify recurring patterns and themes,supported by the software NVivo. Findings: The study showed that supporting long-term automation goals inreconfigurable assembly systems requires system design principles andquality management principles that prepare assembly systems forgradual automation transition. The key findings included theidentification of system design principles and quality managementprinciples at both manual and semi-automatic assembly levels thatfacilitate the automation transition. Implications: The study contributes academically by providing a holisticunderstanding of how system design principles and qualitymanagement principles can be used to support long-term automationgoals in reconfigurable assembly systems. The practical contributioninclude support for manufacturing companies seeking integrate longterm automation goals into the design of reconfigurable assemblysystems while ensuring consistent product quality. Limitations: A limitation of this study was that the selected cases were notspecifically chosen based on their experience and work withreconfigurability. Instead, the cases were selected primarily based onthe focus on product quality. If the cases had been selected with afocus on their work with reconfigurable systems, a broader range ofperspectives specific to this area might have emerged.
Övergång till Additiv Tillverkning för Reservdelar i Försvarsprodukter med Lång Livscykel
No full textDefence companies managing long-lifecycle products face growing challenges in spare parts management. Injection moulding (IM) becomes less suitable over time due to tool obsolescence, low part demand, and high storage costs. Additive manufacturing (AM) offers a flexible alternative for producing plastic spare parts through on-demand production and digital storage. However, AM adoption remains limited due to technical barriers, unclear internal roles, and the lack of structured tools for evaluation and sustainability.The purpose of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of replacing IM spare parts with AM in defence companies managing long product lifecycles, focusing on operational, design, and sustainabilityperspectives.MethodsThe study was conducted as a single-case study at a defence company. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews, internal documents, observations, and a validation workshop. The research design process followed three phases: (1) understanding the current situation, (2) developing a practical solution, and (3) validating the results. A combination of qualitative methods and triangulation was used to support the findings.ResultsFindings showed that AM is feasible for low-volume spare parts when IM tools are missing or demand is unpredictable. Motivations included shorter lead times, reduced storage needs, and easier access tolegacy parts, which are components no longer in production and for which the original tooling or drawings may be unavailable. The main barriers were limited AM knowledge, unclear responsibilities,and a lack of sustainability tools.Analysis and SynthesisBased on the findings, a structured framework called the Additive Manufacturing Spare Part Assessment and Realisation (AM-SPAR) was developed and applied. It guides users through spare part screening,redesign, validation, and integration into existing supply chains. The framework builds on existing knowledge about AM, spare part management, and sustainability, but has been adapted to address the specific challenges encountered in the defence industry.DiscussionThe study shows that AM works best as a complementary production method to IM. A dual sourcing strategy, utilising IM for initial production and AM for spare parts, was deemed adequate. The framework helped reduce uncertainty and showed that even in cautious organisations, AM can be implemented with clear routines and coordination. The study also showed the need for more accessible tools for assessing sustainability and managing digital spare parts.Conclusions AM is not a universal solution, but it offers clear advantages for specific spare part needs in long-lifecycledefence products. The AM-SPAR framework provides a practical and adaptable guide for evaluating andimplementing AM in real-world settings. It helps organisations move from initial testing to scalable and repeatable AM spare part applications
Perception and Integration of Environmental Sustainability in the Departments of Political Science, Economics, and Engineering at a large university in Istanbul
No full textThis research aims to analyse the perception and integration of environmental sustainability within the Political Science, Economics and Engineering departments at a large university in Istanbul.
Intellectual Disability and Criminal Involvement : Exploring Authorities' Awareness and Capacity for Prevention in Sweden
No full textThis thesis delves into how Swedish local authorities perceive and tackle the complex intersection between intellectual disability and criminal involvement. In a country known for its inclusive welfare system, there is a growing concern that individuals with intellectual disabilities remain at heightened risk of manipulation and exploitation by criminal actors. Using Vulnerability Theory and Institutional Capacity Theory as guiding frameworks, the study draws on a qualitative case study of Jönköping University’s Department for Pedagogical Support, complemented by document analysis, to shed light on the challenges faced by institutions. Findings suggest a significant gap between the vulnerabilities of people with intellectual disabilities and the existing institutional responses and resources available to support them. The thesis underscores the importance of stronger inter-agency collaboration, improved staff training, and more inclusive policies to ensure that no one falls through the cracks in Sweden’s efforts to build a socially sustainable society. Keywords: Intellectual Disability (ID), Criminal Involvement, Vulnerability Theory, Institutional Capacity, Crime Prevention Total number of words: 13.521
“It´s not the teacher who is the focus” : A qualitative study on six teachers´ perceptions of dialogic reading aloud among students in grades 1-3
No full textTrots att läsningen är en stor del av den tidiga läsutvecklingen visar elevernas resultat att många elever har svårt att tillägna sig strategier för att förstå texter. Syftet med föreliggande kvalitativ studie är att undersöka hur sex verksamma lärare i årskurs 1–3 uppfattar elevers läsengagemang och läsförståelse i samband med dialogisk högläsning, utifrån ett sociokulturellt perspektiv. För att besvara studiens syfte har semistrukturerade intervjuer genomförts med sex lärare. Studiens forskningsfrågor: Hur beskriver lärarna att dialogisk högläsning kan öka elevers läsengagemang? Hur beskriver lärarna att dialogisk högläsning kan stödja elevers läsförståelse? Vilka möjligheter och utmaningar beskriver lärare att dialogisk högläsning kan innebära? Resultatet visar att samtliga lärare beskriver att de inkluderar dialogisk högläsning i sin undervisning, främst i form av textsamtal där eleverna ges möjlighet att tänka högt, reflektera och samtala om textens innehåll. Lärarna lyfter fram användningen av kroppsspråk, varierat röstläge och bilder som stöd för förståelse. De betonar även betydelsen av att diskutera ord och begrepp samt att ställa öppna frågor som ett sätt att stimulera elevernas tänkande och främjar deras delaktighet i läsningen. Flera av lärarna kopplar arbetet till användningen av lässtrategier, särskilt läsfixarna. Slutsats som dras är att lärarnas uppfattning om dialogisk högläsning handlar om att det är ett arbetssätt som främjar elevers läsengagemang och läsförståelse genom gemensamma dialoger.Although reading is an important part of early reading development, student outcomes show that many students struggle to acquire strategies for understanding texts. The purpose of the present qualitative study is to investigate how six active teachers in grades 1-3 perceive students' reading engagement and reading comprehension in the context of dialogic reading aloud, from a sociocultural perspective. To answer the study's purpose, semi-structured interviews have been conducted with six teachers. The study's research questions: How do the teachers describe that dialogic reading aloud can increase students' reading engagement? How do teachers describe that dialogic reading aloud can support students' reading comprehension? What opportunities and challenges do teachers describe that dialogic reading aloud can entail? The results show that all teachers describe that they include dialogic reading aloud in their teaching, mainly in the form of text conversations where students are given the opportunity to think aloud, reflect and discuss the content of the text. Teachers highlight the use of body language, varied voice and pictures to support understanding. They also emphasize the importance of discussing words and concepts and asking open-ended questions as a way to stimulate students' thinking and promote their participation in reading. Several teachers link their work to the use of reading strategies, especially the reading fixers. The conclusion drawn is that the teachers' perception of dialogic reading aloud is that it is a way of working that promotes pupils' reading engagement and reading comprehension through shared dialogues
AI Against Domestic Violence : Reliable Support When It Matters Most
No full textThis thesis examines whether large language models (LLMs) can support early identification of psychological intimate partner violence (IPV) in text. We develop a decision-support prototype based on a fine-tuned LLaMA-7B model, structured with FREDA indicators and retrieval-augmented generation (RAG), within a Design Science Research approach. The dataset comprises approximately 150,000 text samples from public forums, documented case reports, and custom surveys, expanded through weak supervision with GPT-4 and data augmentation. For supervised evaluation, 32 expert-labeled cases were used. On this test set, the model reached precision 0.91, recall 0.93, and F1-score 0.92. A pilot was conducted with social services in the Swedish Crime Victim Support Center, Linköping Municipality, and the School of Health and Welfare at Jönköping University. The prototype is positioned strictly as decision support. Findings indicate that LLM-based analysis can complement professional risk assessment, while constraints in expert-labeled data and the need for ongoing validation, bias review, and human oversight remain important considerations