Publikationer från Örebro universitet
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Radical friluftsliv and green transition : Argaladei’s 1970s as an inspiration for environmental education
No full textThe essay begins by highlighting some characteristics of the recurring discussions about the environmental educational possibilities of nature encounters. We situate this within the social climate of the 1970s with its discussion of alternatives to the prevailing model of development and where, among other things, deep ecological perspectives were important. Against this background, we then delve into a case study of the outdoor association Argaladei during the 1970s, with the motto "friluftsliv [outdoor life] is a lifestyle". Based on the association’s combination of social criticism, outdoor life and pedagogy, we highlight some central themes that we suggest offer possible inspiration for our current need for civic support for a green transition to more sustainable model of development
Våldsutövare bjuds in till Socialtjänsten : En kritisk diskursanalys av riksdagsdebatten angående socialtjänstlagen SFS 2001:453 5:11a
No full textDenna studie ämnade att genom en kritisk diskursanalys analysera den riksdagsdebatt som hölls angående socialtjänstlagen (SFS 2001:453 5:11a) den 8 juni 2021. Denna paragraf berör att våldsutövare ska erbjudas stöd och hjälp från Socialtjänsten för att förändra sitt beteende. Studiens avsikt var att undersöka om särskilda mönster återkom under debatten, samt hur dessa var konstruerade. Studien ämnade att besvara följande frågeställningar 1) hur konstrueras aktörer i debatten? 2) vilka mönster återkommer i debatten? och 3) är olika aktörer porträtterade på likvärdiga sätt i debatten? Dessa frågeställningar besvarades genom Faircloughs ‘box-in-box’-modell och med Raewyn Connells (2005) teori om hegemonisk maskulinitet samt Nils Christies (1986) begrepp det ideala offret. Studiens empiri utgjordes av den transkriberade riksdagsdebatten, som analyserades utifrån begreppen aktör och objekt. Utmärkande teman som uppkom genom analysen var; beskrivningar av våldsutövare, konstruktion av våld, Socialtjänsten som aktör samt brottsoffret som “den passivt våldsutsatta kvinnan". Temat våldsutövare beskrevs som en manlig person som ibland konstrueras som ett offer, men även upprätthållare av maskulina normer och könskonservativa attityder. Temat konstruktion av våld beskrevs överhängande som av fysisk karaktär, och andra våldsformer fick litet eller inget utrymme. Det fanns oklarheter i vem som bär ansvaret för våld och hur samhällsstrukturen kan påverkas. Socialtjänsten beskrevs vara en viktig samhällsaktör, men även under stor ekonomisk kris och kompetensbrist. Deras uppdrag ska utökas till att behandla män, som inte ansvarar för det egna våldet. Brottsoffret som “den passivt våldsutsatta kvinnan” beskrevs i majoritet som en kvinna och i passiv form. Studiens slutsats innefattas av att det konstrueras maktstrukturer i debatten, som skapar olika positioneringar som våldsutövare, konstruktion av våld, Socialtjänsten som aktör och brottsoffret som “den passivt våldsutsatta kvinnan”.This study aims to through a critical discourse analysis construe the parliamentary debate of the Social Service Act (SFS 2001:453 5:11a) which took place on 8th of June 2021. This law implements the Social Services responsibility to work for a change of the perpetrators violent behavior. The study’s intention included investigating particular repetitive patterns in the debate, in addition to how the patterns were constructed. The study intended to answer the following questions; 1) how is the agent constructed? 2) which patterns recur in the parliamentary debate? and 3) are different agencies portrayed similarly? These questions were answered though Faricloughs’s ‘box-in-box’-model, with Raewyn Connell’s (2005) theory of hegemonic masculinity and with Nils Christie's concept of ‘the ideal victim’. The empirical evidence was constituted by the transcription of the parliamentary debate. The transcription was analyzed with the concept of ‘agency’ and ‘object’. The distinctive patterns that showed were; the descriptions of the perpetrators, the construction of violence, the Social Service as an agent and the crime victim as ‘the passive agent’ which often is referred to as a woman. The pattern of the perpetrator included repetitive description as a male, that either consisted of destructive gender stereotypical attitudes or as a victim of child abuse himself. The construction of violence was mainly physical violence, and other forms of violence were little or not mentioned. Uncertainty of who was responsible for the violence occurred. The Social Services as an agent was described as a founding service to the citizens, but also suffering from economic resources and quality of competency. The liability of the Social Services will be extended to treat violent perpetrators, which seem not responsible for their actions. The crime victim as a ‘passive agent’ was mainly described as a woman, and often in a passive context. This study’s conclusions contains the existence of the social structure of power in the parliamentary debate, though constructing the patterns as named befor
Alterations in pubertal timing : physiological aspects and long-term consequences
No full textPuberty is initiated by a series of complex mechanisms determining the age at pubertal onset. The aim of this thesis was to increase our knowledge of the role of ghrelin and kisspeptin in puberty, to describe the clinical management of delayed puberty and to study the long-term socioeconomic consequences of delayed male puberty. Study I and II were both based on a population of 13 girls with suspected central precocious puberty, who underwent a modified gonadotropin-releasing hormone stimulation test twice in a randomized controlled setting. Neither ghrelin nor kisspeptin plasma levels differed between the two tests up to 150 minutes. In Study I, different methods for the preservation of acylated ghrelin were studied as well, and the addition of the protease inhibitor AEBSF to precooled bloodsampling tubes, and cooled centrifugation within 30 minutes were found to result in the highest levels of acylated ghrelin. Study III was an observational study based on a review of the medical records of 91 boys with delayed puberty in central Sweden showing that puberty nomograms are useful diagnostic instruments, and that underlying pathology is rare but psychosocial distress is common. Study IV was a longitudinal, retrospective national cohort study, which included 1,250 men previously diagnosed with delayed puberty and 12,500 unexposed men. There was a lower likelihood of marriage or cohabitation, but no negative effects on educational achievements or labour market outcomes through early adulthood among those having had delayed puberty. Increased knowledge of the physiology and long-term consequences alterations in pubertal timing may improve the management of puberta
Dealing with overweight and obese children - a challenge for the school nurseAn integrative literature review
No full textBakgrund: Övervikt och obesitas är idag ett globalt folkhälsoproblem. I Sverige är fler än var femte barn mellan 11–15 år drabbat. Det finns en stor risk att övervikt och obesitas kvarstår efter barndomen. Det kan leda till både fysisk och psykisk ohälsa. Barn med övervikt eller obesitas har större risk för social utsatthet och riskerar att inte fullfölja grundskolan.Skolsköterskan har en viktig funktion i det förebyggande arbetet mot övervikt och obesitas, men interventioner som genomförs är inte tillräcklig effektiva. Det finns ett behov av ökade kunskaper om skolsköterskans erfarenheter av bemötandet av barn med övervikt och obesitas.Syfte: Att beskriva skolsköterskors erfarenheter av att bemöta barn med övervikt och obesitas.Metod: Integrativ litteraturstudie med systematisk litteratursökning i databaserna Cinahl, Pubmed och PsycInfo. Sökningen resulterade i 13 inkluderade artiklar som analyserades enligt Whittemore och Knafl's metod.Resultat: Resultatet beskriver skolsköterskors erfarenheter och består av fyra kategorier:barnet i fokus, hemsituationens betydelse, personliga faktorer hos skolsköterskor och arbetsgivarens påverkan.Slutsats: Barn med övervikt och obesitas upplevs oftast vara självmedvetna. Skam, skuld och oro beskrivs påverka deras välmående. Att bemöta barn med övervikt och obesitas är tidskrävande och föräldrastödets betydelse har framkommit. Arbetsgivare påverkarskolsköterskors möjligheter att utföra hälsofrämjande arbet
Unpacking qualitative data in organizational trust research : An application to community appraisal of COVID-19 management in Scandinavia
No full textPurpose: Organizational trust is often professed to be communication-based, yet organizational research rarely provides methodological frameworks exploring how orientations to trust are articulated in communication. This paper therefore aims to help unpack how positions on trust are articulated in qualitative, conversational data in away that can be useful for future qualitative research into organizational trust. Design/methodology/approach: The study contributes methodologically by introducing an untapped resource, appraisal analysis, and applying it to focus groups evaluating the pandemic response in Scandinavia. Findings: The analysis suggests that the emphasis of previous research on rational justifications of trust, commonly via assessments of ability, integrity and benevolence, leaves unexplored stances on trust that are taken more straightforwardly with potential effects on power relations. The study draws attention to suchalternative ways of realizing trust/distrust, with the concepts of simple-assertive evaluation and prescriptive evaluation, which still empower (or oppose) organizations and leaders. In addition, the study disentangles some of the “messiness” of qualitative data by demonstrating how stances on organizational trust involve activity-, agent-, and results-centered evaluations, as well as mixed evaluations. Originality/value: Through the suggested analytical framework, common challenges with qualitative data, involving ambiguities regarding power, agency and overall dilemma-ridden situations, can be dealt with better. It thereby offers methodological fine-tuning that enables a more exhaustive analysis of trust as acommunication-based process. Trust and distrust in Sweden's covid-19 management: The pandemic rhetoric project extended (PAR-EX
Är spel efter noter verkligenroligare tillsammans? : En kvalitativ studie om hur gruppundervisning kanutformas för lustfyllt musicerande efter noter.
No full textSyftet med detta självständiga arbete är att undersöka om gruppundervisning på gitarr är en gångbar metod för att inspirera elever till att öva notläsning. Uppsatsen är knuten kring frågeställningen: Hur kan gruppundervisning i gitarr utformas för att effektivt och lustfyllt bidra till bättre notläsning? Detta arbete utgår från en kvalitativ ansats, där metoden utgörs av ett praktiskt moment och en gruppintervju med 3 st gymnasieelever, samt enskilda intervjuer med 4 st lärarstudenter. Under det praktiska momentet spelade vi mitt eget fyrstämmiga arrangemang för gitarr av låten Baby, you´re a rich man av The Beatles. Under intervjuerna tog vi upp frågor kring musicerandet, övningen, undervisningen och gruppen. Övriga verktyg för dokumentation var observation och ljudinspelningar. Resultatet visar på att informanterna tycker att förmågan att läsa noter är klart fördelaktigt att ha i vissa situationer, men poängterar att ett gehörsbaserat musicerande är minst lika viktigt. Flera av informanterna tyckte att det var roligare att spela ett noterat arrangemang tillsammans än att öva på det själv hemma, och därmed tyckte de att gruppundervisning är en bra metod för att hålla uppe sitt spel efter noter
Specification-Based Intrusion DetectionSystem for the MilCAN Protocol
No full textThe Controller Area Network (CAN) is the most widely used communication protocol within vehicles. CAN is used for Electronic Control Units (ECUs) in vehicles to communicate with each other in a reliable way. In the same way that the civil vehicle industry uses CAN for ECUs to communicate with each other, the military uses this technology in the form of Military CAN (MilCAN). MilCAN is built on CAN, and the main difference is that it is deterministic, i.e., it is predetermined what messages will go in what specific timeslot. Due to rising requirements on IT-security within ITsystems, this thesis will focus on IT-securing systems using the MilCAN-bus against four specific requirements regarding intrusion protection in KSF 3.1, a framework which the Swedish Armed Forces uses for IT-security in their IT-systems. In this thesis, an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) based on the specification of specific systems is developed to detect attacks against the MilCAN bus. Attacks based on previous research such as fabrication attacks (e.g., Denial of Service (DoS), fuzzy and sync attacks), suspension attacks and masquerade attacks have been considered. These attacks have been generated to evaluate the IDSs efficiency against the previously known attack models. The results show that the implemented IDS were able to detect DoS, fuzzy, sync and suspension attacks at a high accuracy. The IDS was, however, unable to detect masquerade attacks which could be explored further in future projects
Drickande som kapital : en undersökning om socioekonomisk status,alkoholkonsumtion och kön
No full textThis study examines how socioeconomic status affects alcohol consumption and how it differs between genders. The study uses Pierre Bourdieu's framework to analyze the phenomenon, with a particular focus on the concepts of habitus, forms of capital, field, and male dominance. Previous research on the subject shows that socioeconomic status is important for the extent and expression of alcohol consumption, with higher status often associated with frequent, socially controlled drinking. Individuals with lower socioeconomic status, on the other hand, are at greater risk of alcohol-related health problems, even at lower levels of consumption. Gender is a central factor, with women generally consuming less alcohol than men, which is partly explained by biological differences and gender norms that emphasize restraint. The study was conducted via a quantitative approach, where a questionnaire survey was conducted to collect data from respondents about their alcohol consumption, socioeconomic affiliation, and social interactions. The questionnaire focused on questions related to the amount of alcohol consumed, as well as how social and economic situations affect consumption patterns. The results of the study showed interesting patterns in alcohol consumption, although no statistically significant associations were found between alcohol consumption and socioeconomic status. Specifically, it was observed that higher social influence and socializing with others had a negative effect on alcohol consumption. This means that the more social interaction the individual experienced, the less they tended to consume alcohol. Furthermore, the results show that gender plays a crucial role in consumption patterns. It was clear that women tended to drink less than men, but at the same time, men were more affected by social influence than women.Denna studie undersöker hur socioekonomisk status påverkar alkoholkonsumtionen och hur detta samband skiljer sig mellan könen. Studien använder Pierre Bourdieus ramverk för att analysera fenomenet, med särskilt fokus på begreppen; habitus, kapitalformer, fält och den manliga dominansen. Tidigare forskning på ämnet visar att socioekonomisk status har betydelse för alkoholkonsumtionens omfattning och uttryck, där högre status ofta förknippas med frekvent med socialt kontrollerat drickande. Individer med lägre socioekonomisk status löper däremot större risk för alkoholrelaterade hälsoproblem, även vid lägre konsumtionsnivåer. Kön utgör en central faktor, där kvinnor generellt konsumerar mindre alkohol än män, vilket delvis förklaras av biologiska skillnader samt könsnormer som betonar återhållsamhet. Studien har genomförts via en kvantitativ ansats, där en enkätundersökning genomförts för att samla in data från respondenter om deras alkoholkonsumtion, socioekonomiska tillhörighet och sociala interaktioner. Enkäten fokuserade på frågor som berör mängden alkohol som konsumeras, samt hur social och ekonomisk situation påverkar konsumtionsmönster. Resultaten från studien visade på intressanta mönster i alkoholkonsumtionen, även om det inte återfanns några statistiskt signifikanta samband mellan alkoholkonsumtion och socioekonomisk status. Specifikt observerades att högre social påverkan och umgänge med andra hade en negativ effekt på alkoholkonsumtionen. Med detta menas att desto mer social interaktion som individen upplevde, desto mindre tenderade denne att konsumera alkohol. Vidare visar resultaten att kön spelar en avgörande roll i konsumtionsmönstren. Det framgick att kvinnor tenderade att dricka mindre än män, men samtidigt påverkades män mer av den sociala påverkan än kvinnorna
Är du mest lik Brad Pitt eller Kate Moss? : En kvantitativ studie om sociala mediers påverkan på studenters strävan att uppnå kroppsideal
No full textWith the advancement of social media and its increased accessibility, the exposure of content that is published increases. Social media has also made it possible to interact with content in a way which was not possible before. Among the published content on social media, body ideals are conveyed. This has led to questions about social media's effect on the individuals self-image, their view on what the human body should look like and its effect on their well-being. Previous research shows that modern media, social media, increases accessibility and exposure of various types. Previous research also shows that more time spent on social media increases internalisation of body-image and the strive to achieve the body ideals, which increase the risk of developing body dissatisfaction. Furthermore, previous research shows that the conveying of body ideals generally affects men and women equally. The purpose of this pilot study is to investigate if the time students spend on social media affects their relation to body ideals and self-image, as well as investigate if body dissatisfaction is an explanatory factor to strive for body ideals. This theoretical frame of reference of this study is based on Grusec and Hastings theory of socialization, Mead’s theory of socialization as well as Goffman’s theories of Staging and Presentation of Self. This study is based on quantitative investigation using survey as the collecting data method. The sample consists of member of the Facebook group “Dom kallar oss studenter”. Collected data were analyzed through uni- and bivariate analysis, regression analysis, and multivariate linear regression analysis. The results of the study shows that the amount of time spent on social media has a positive effect on students strive for body ideal. It also shows that body dissatisfaction is a factor that explains strive for the ideal body. The study shows that there is no correlation between gender and students strive for body ideal.Med sociala mediers framväxt och dess ökade tillgänglighet ökar exponering av innehåll som publiceras. Sociala medier har även öppnat upp för möjligheten att interagera med innehåll på ett sätt som inte tidigare varit möjligt. Bland det innehåll som publiceras på sociala medier förmedlas kroppsideal. Detta har lett till frågor om hur sociala medier påverkar individens självbild, bilden av hur människokroppen bör se ut, samt vilken påverkan sociala medier har på individens mående. Tidigare forskning visar att den moderna formen av media, sociala medier, ökar tillgängligheten och exponering av innehåll av olika slag. Forskning visar även att mer spenderad tid på sociala medier ökar internaliseringen av kroppsideal och strävan att leva upp till kroppsideal, och därmed ökar risken att utveckla ett kroppsmissnöje. Vidare visar tidigare forskning att skapande och förmedlande av kroppsideal på sociala medier generellt påverkar män och kvinnor lika mycket. I denna pilotstudie är syftet att undersöka om tiden studenter spenderar på sociala medier påverkar deras relation till kroppsideal och självbild, samt om kroppsmissnöje är en förklarande faktor till att sträva efter kroppsideal. Studiens teoretiska referensram utgörs av Grusec och Hastings socialisationsteori, Meads socialisationsteori, teori om könsnormer och Goffmans begrepp “iscensättning” och “framställande”. Denna studie baseras på kvantitativ undersökning med datainsamlingsmetod i form av enkätundersökning. Urvalet består av medlemmar i Facebookgruppen “Dom kallar oss studenter”. Insamlad data analyserades genom uni- och bivariata analyser, bivariata linjära regressionsanalyser, samt multivariata linjära regressionsanalyser. Studiens resultat visar att mängden tid studenter spenderar på sociala medier har en positiv påverkan på studenters strävan efter kroppsideal samt att kroppsmissnöje är en förklarande faktor i strävan efter kroppsideal. Studien visar att det inte finns ett samband mellan kön och strävan efter kroppsideal
Shaping Nigeria’s Informal Economy : Government policies and their role in socioeconomic development and growth potential
No full textNigeria’s informal sector is at the heart of Nigeria’s economy. The informal sector accounts for about 65% of Nigeria’s gross domestic product (GDP) and close to 90 % of the workforce in this country. In spite of its importance, workers in this sector have a lot of challenges and among them; the lack of formal contracts, social protection and financial security. As a reaction to this, this study examines the impact of government policies on the informal sector, particularly in terms of its’ economic mobility, social inclusion and the overall sustainability of informal businesses. This study conducted qualitative in-depth interviews with eight individuals working in the informal sector and applied the WPR (what’s the problem represented to be) methodology for policy analysis. The findings from the study revealed that the lack of consistent policies and frequent regulatory changes made by the government prevents informal businesses from growing and staying sustainable for long term. In line with this, the result also shows that corruption within government institutions prevents resources meant for the informal sector from reaching the intended beneficiaries leaving the informal workers excluded from the support they need. Also, from the findings, it is clear that being workers in the informal sector means they struggle to get credit, financial help and access key infrastructure, hindering their business progress. The study reveals that, although the informal sector is central to the Nigerian economy, the absence of stable and explicit government policies, exclusion from social protection and difficulties of formalization are the aspects that prevent these businesses from flourishing and developing. Therefore, the study recommends that efforts to restructure government policies should be undertaken so as to fill these gaps, and the efforts are offering better and more stable regulations, financing, and development of infrastructures to support the growth and sustainability of informal businesses and lessen social inequality