Publikationer från Örebro universitet
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Young adults’ explanations of childhood neglect and their associations with health problems in young adulthood
No full textBackground: Childhood neglect has been associated with various negative short- and long-term consequences. To make sense of difficult experiences, individuals often seek internal and/or external explanations. Children’s explanations for why they experience neglect have been identified as a potentially important factor in relation to different adjustment outcomes. Objective: This study examines how young adults explain the childhood neglect they experienced and how these explanations are connected to health problems in adulthood. Methods: The study utilizes retrospective data from a representative Swedish sample of 2,500 young adults, of which 7.5 % reported having been neglected as a child. Results: Our findings revealed that emotional neglect was the most common form of neglect, while physical neglect was the least common. Most participants attributed the neglect to their parents or family circumstances. However, self-blame during childhood significantly increased the risk of self-harm and PTSD symptoms. Blaming either oneself or one’s parents was associated with a higher likelihood of self-harm and PTSD, while blaming parents for the neglect was linked to more suicide attempts. Those who attributed neglect to family circumstances showed higher levels of alcohol use as adults. Conclusions: It́ s important for professionals to recognize that, in addition to neglect itself, children’s tendency to assign blame—especially self-blame—can have lasting impacts on their mental health and behavior
A Rasch model based psychometric evaluation of different versions of the Minimal Insomnia Symptom Scale (MISS) among adults
No full textBackground: Insomnia is a common health complaint among adults and is associated with poor health. Sleeping patterns differ due to age, with younger adults having greater problems with sleep deprivation causing problems during daytime, and older adults having greater problems with nocturnal awakenings during nights. Screening tools are needed to initially capture insomnia symptoms in need for further assessment. The study aim was to psychometrically test and compare the original three item Minimal Insomnia Symptom Scale (MISS), revised version of MISS (MISS-R), and a four-item scale (MISS-4) on an adult population, by using the Rasch measurement model. Methods: A cross-sectional design was used, and the sample consisted of participants in an online survey of a Citizen Panel. Out of the total sample (N = 1517), 784 (52%) persons with answers on four sleep items, age, and gender were included in this study. The majority of the sample were men (n = 536), 248 were women, and 52% were younger (16–59 years). Rasch model analyses focused on targeting, reliability, response category functioning, model fit, differential item functioning (DIF) and score transformation. Results: The MISS and the MISS-R had good measurement properties. When adding the item “daytime disturbance” to the MISS, and creating MISS-4, the measurement properties deteriorated. When replacing the original MISS item “not rested by sleep” with the item “daytime disturbance” in the MISS-R, the measurement properties maintained like those of the MISS. There were, as expected, DIF between the younger (below 60 years) and older samples (60 years or older) in insomnia symptoms. The reliability for the MISS was 0.58 and the MISS-R 0.57. Conclusions: The MISS and the MISS-R demonstrate good measurement properties as insomnia screening questionnaires. When using either the MISS or the MISS-R to identify potential insomnia, a ≥ 6 cut-off seems to be most appropriate. While psychometrically supported, determination of the optimal cut-score for clinical insomnia identification should consider gold standard diagnostic criteria in future studies.Open access funding provided by Kristianstad University. This research was funded by DigitalWell Arena (C 2018/522). This grant covered CB’s and AN’s time to work on study design and data collection, and the enlistment of the LORE to recruit participants. AN received an internal grant from Örebro University to work on the current manuscript. AW, GH, and PH were funded by Kristianstad University.</p
Skojbråkiga pojkar och söta, tysta flickor : En analys av hur könsroller framställs i Brorsan kompis Robban och Haj-Jenny
No full textI uppsatsen analyseras Maja Hjertzells (2024) bok Brorsans kompis Robban samt Lisa Lundmarks (2017) bok Haj-Jenny, vilka båda finns med på Skolverkets rekommenderade läslista för lågstadiet. Syftet med uppsatsen är att studera hur könsroller gestaltas samt hur karaktärerna förhåller sig till samhälleliga förväntningar på kön. I denna uppsats tillämpas ett hermeneutiskt perspektiv, med Maria Nikolajevas (2017) schema över stereotypa könsroller och hennes modell för karaktärsbegrepp som teoretisk ram. Resultatet visar att böckerna både utmanar och reproducerar stereotypa könsroller och att det främst är huvudkaraktärerna som står för normbrotten. Samtidigt framgår det att de traditionella könsrollerna fortfarande utgör en stark ram för hur karaktärerna skildras och förhåller sig till sin omgivning
Språkutveckling som grund för lärande : Lärares erfarenheter av språkutvecklande arbetssätt i grundskolan
No full textStudien undersöker hur lärare i grundskolan resonerar kring språk- och kunskapsutvecklande arbetssätt (SKUA) i undervisningen, med fokus på vilka strategier som används samt vilka möjligheter och utmaningar som upplevs i arbetet med flerspråkiga elever. Datainsamlingen genomfördes via en digital enkät riktad till verksamma lärare vid en mångkulturell grundskola. Materialet analyserades med en fenomenografisk ansats för att synliggöra variationer i lärarnas uppfattningar. Resultatet visar att lärarna ser SKUA som en central och inkluderande undervisningsform som gynnar alla elever genom ökad delaktighet, språklig aktivitet och ämnesförståelse. Vanliga arbetssätt är genrepedagogik, cirkelmodellen, EPA-struktur och användning av visuella stöd. De största utmaningarna rör tidsbrist, nivåskillnader och behov av mer kompetensutveckling. Studien visar att ett gemensamt och långsiktigt förhållningssätt på skolnivå är avgörande för att arbetet ska få genomslag i praktiken
Composing with Artificial Intelligence : How AI-Using Composers Motivate and Understand Their Creative Practices
No full textThis thesis examines how composers who integrate artificial intelligence (AI) into their music-making practices motivate and understand their use of AI-tools. Research on AI music has often focused on listener perception, technological development or issues of authorship, while the perspective of the composer remains underexplored. According to John Blacking (1986), musical change is not simply a result of technological or cultural shifts, but instead it develops through the intentions and decisions of individual musicians. Understanding composers’ motivations and interpretations in the rapidly evolving context of AI co-created composition is therefore essential to explaining how musical practices change. This thesis adopts an interpretivist and hermeneutic approach, drawing on seven semi-structured interviews with composers from diverse musical backgrounds, who all engage in human-AI co-creation. Thematic analysis was applied to the interview data and identified four overarching themes: (1) functional uses of AI, including practical applications such as melodic and harmonic generation, lyric writing and overcoming creative blocks; (2) motivations for using or avoiding AI, including efficiency, technological curiosity, artistic intention, creative control and enjoyment of “traditional” composition; (3) reception of AI music, including participants’ views on musical quality, emotional expression, ethical considerations and market saturation; and (4) technological development, including reflections on current capabilities, limitations and a predicted future of AI tools. The findings highlight that composers’ engagement with AI is shaped by several aspects, namely, its functional capabilities, artistic values, ethical stances and contextual influences. AI is most often treated as a creative partner or a source of raw material, instead of solely being a replacement for human agency. This thesis emphasizes that composers understand AI as a flexible, non-neutral tool whose role is actively negotiated. The findings of this thesis contribute to a nuanced understanding of the role AI plays in contemporary composition practices
Planering för en trygg stad : En kvalitativ studie om kommunens arbete med säkerhet och trygghet i Eskilstuna
No full textDenna studie undersöker Eskilstuna kommuns arbete med trygghet och brottsförebyggande insatser, med fokus på stadsdelen Fröslunda. Dessutom syftar studien till att undersöka hur den fysiska utformningen av stadsmiljöer kan bidra till invånarnas upplevelse av trygghet och säkerhet. Genom en kombination av intervjuer med kommunanställda och polisen, en observation och dokumentanalys har studien visar hur den fysiska miljön, sociala faktorer och strategiska insatser samverkar för att påverka invånarnas upplevelse av trygghet. Resultaten betonar vikten av fysiska åtgärder som bland annat belysning och underhållna ytor för att skapa en trygg miljö. Samtidigt betonas betydelsen av social interaktion för att stärka trygghetskänslan. Studien understryker även vikten av samverkan mellan kommunen och andra aktörer, som polis, för att skapa en tryggare miljö. Det framgår att kommunens arbete inte enbart handlar om att minska brottsligheten utan även om att öka tilliten mellan invånare och samhällsinstitutioner. Genom initiativ som stadsläkning och Effektiv Samordning för Trygghet (EST) har kommunen visat på vikten av att integrera långsiktiga strategier med invånarnas behov och perspektiv. Samverkan mellan kommunen och polisen är en viktig aspekt av trygghetsskapande och brottsförebyggande arbete. Det framkommer att trygghetsarbete inte enbart handlar om att minska brottsligheten utan även om att skapa ett förtroende mellan invånare och samhällsinstitutioner. Detta innebär att trygghetsskapande och brottsförebyggande arbete kräver en helhetssyn där både fysiska och sociala insatser beaktas
Patriarchy
No full textThis entry outlines definitions of and debates on patriarchy, ranging from the ‘rule of the fathers’ to a diverse range of broader feminist theorizations in terms of, for example, the domestic mode of production, economic systems, reproduction, sexuality, and violence. This is followed by noting some critiques of the concept of patriarchy as, for example, too monolithic, ahistorical or insufficiently intersectional, as well as how patriarchy has become important as a critical frame in some theorizations of masculinities. These discussions feed into the consideration of several ways in which patriarchy, as both concept and social formation, are relevant for analyses of management. These include: patriarchy as a context of management; the management of patriarchal arenas, such as the state and capitalist organizations; and management as a manifestation of patriarchy. More specifically, attention is drawn to the practices of patriarchal managements, patriarchal managing, and patriarchal masculinities; and the increasing recognition of plural, intersectional and transnational patriarchal managements
Biochar remediation of PFAS-contaminated soil
No full textPer- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) are a group of anthropogenic compounds which due to their unique properties are used in various domestic and industrial applications. However, those properties make PFAS extremely difficult to break down resulting in serious contamination of the environment. In Sweden, a major issue is the PFAS-contaminated soil near military training areas and airports. The excess use of firefighting foam containing PFAS affects nearby areas significantly, as PFAS can leach out of soil and contaminate water sources. In order to overcome this problem, sorption techniques may be used which can stabilize PFAS. A potential sorbent is biochar, a carbon material produced by pyrolysis of organic biomass. This study aimed to investigate the efficiency of sorption methods using biochar as a potential remediation technique. Soil samples from a regional rescue service area (Räddningstjänsten Östra Götaland; RTÖG) were collected. The soil had a total PFAS content of 76.8 ng/g dry matter (d.m.). The soil was subject to four different treatments: 1) untreated (control); 2) addition of mixture of 1% compost and 2.5 g/kg fertilizer (FC); 3) addition of FC and 2% w/w of sewage sludge-based biochar (BC-SS); 4) addition of FC and 2% w/w of activated biochar (BC-AC). A batch leaching test (ISO 21268-1:2019) was performed, and both the leachate and the residual fraction were analyzed for 36 PFAS with ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometer (UPLC-MS/MS). The two selected extraction methods were solid phase extraction with weak anion exchange (SPE-WAX) for the leachate and a comprehensive method with acidic and alkaline digestion for the solid matrix. The results for the leachate fraction showed that the retention efficiency percentage obtained in the FC-treatment compared to the control was 15.2% of total PFAS. Meanwhile, in the sewage sludge-based and activated biochar treatments the retention efficiency percentages significantly increased to 94.8% and 99.5% of the total PFAS levels, respectively, compared to the control. In the residual fraction, the retention percentage for the control treatment relative to the initial soil was almost 48.1% and for the FC-treatment was 52.8%. Whereas, in the BC-SS and BC-AC the retention percentages were increased at 67.2% and 96.4% respectively. These values indicated that both types of biochar are effective in retaining the contaminants, with only a small contribution from the FC mixture. Of the two biochar types, the BC-AC was proven to be the most efficient sorbent, particularly with high retention of the longer chain PFAS and especially perfluorinated sulfonic acids (PFSAs). In conclusion, treatment with biochar, and especially activated biochar can prevent the PFAS from leaching into water and has a potential of immobilizing PFAS contaminants in the soil
“Det är inte ett krav att dricka, men det känns ändå som ett måste” : En kvalitativ studie om universitetsstudenters förhållande till alkohol inom studentlivet
No full textThe thesis of the following study is based on university students’ experiences surrounding alcohol consumption in social situations. The key research questions of this study revolved around university students' experiences of norms associated with alcohol consumption, how these norms affect alcohol habits as well as how alcohol forms university students' social identity, behaviour and approach towards their roles in student culture. The empirical data was collected using a semi-structured interview method, which enabled a deeper understanding of the participants' subjective experiences and perspectives. The collected data was analyzed through thematization to answer the study’s research questions. All six interview participants were students at Örebro University, ranging from their fifth to ninth semester. The selection of participants aimed to include students with experience in student culture, as this was expected to provide more in-depth responses. The results show that students at Örebro University experience strong social pressure to drink alcohol in order to fit into the student culture. Norms around alcohol involve expectations of how students should behave in various situations, such as during sitting, parties, and other student events. It is often expected that students will drink in order to be part of the community and create social connections. These norms are expressed through students participating in drinking games, toasting, or drinking together at various traditional events. For students who do not drink, these norms can be perceived as exclusionary and contribute to feelings of isolation. Therefore, the study not only identifies the existence of an alcohol norm but also what this norm entails in reality and how it influences students' behavior and social interactions.Denna studie bygger på universitetsstudenters erfarenheter av alkoholkonsumtion i sociala sammanhang. De centrala forskningsfrågorna fokuserar på studenternas upplevelser av normer kopplade till alkoholkonsumtion, hur dessa normer påverkar deras alkoholvanor, samt hur alkohol bidrar till att forma deras sociala identitet, beteenden och roller inom studentkulturen. Empirin samlades in med hjälp av en semistrukturerad intervjumetod, vilka möjliggjorde en fördjupad förståelse för informanternas subjektiva upplevelser och erfarenheter. Den insamlade empirin analyserades genom tematisering för att besvara studiens forskningsfrågor. De sex intervjupersonerna var samtliga studenter vid Örebro universitet och befann sig mellan termin fem och nio. Urvalet av intervjupersoner gjordes för att inkludera studenter med erfarenhet av studentkulturen, då detta förväntades bidra till mer fördjupade svar. Resultatet visar att studenter vid Örebro universitet upplever ett starkt socialt tryck att dricka alkohol för att passa in i studentkulturen. Normer kring alkohol handlar om förväntningar på hur studenterna ska bete sig i olika situationer, till exempel under sittningar, fester och andra studentevenemang. Det förväntas ofta att studenten ska dricka för att vara en del av gemenskapen och skapa sociala kontakter. Normerna visade sig genom att studenter deltar i dryckeslekar, skålar eller dricker tillsammans vid olika traditionella evenemang. För studenter som inte dricker kan dessa normer upplevas som exkluderande och bidra till känslor av utanförskap. Studien identifierar därför inte bara att det finns en alkoholnorm, utan också vad denna norm innebär i verkligheten och hur den påverkar studenters beteende och sociala interaktioner
