Publikationer från Örebro universitet
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Clinical and genetic studies of high-risk myelodyplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemia with chromosome 5q deletion
No full textPatients with high-risk myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) with a chromosome 5q deletion (del(5q)) have a poor prognosis and are often associated with a complex karyotype and TP53 mutations, factors worsening the prognosis. The hypomethylating agent azacitidine (AZA) is the first-line treatment. Lenalido-mide (LEN) is an effective therapy for lower-risk MDS with del(5q). The aim of this thesis were clinical and genetic studies in patients with high-risk MDS and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with 20-30% marrow blasts with a karyotype including del(5q). In a prospective, multicenter, open-label, ran-domized phase II study, we studied if AZA + LEN was superior to AZA alone in high-risk MDS and AML with 20-30% marrow blasts with del(5q). Seventy-two patients were included between 2012 and 2017. The overall response rate (ORR) in the treated cohort was 39% for AZA and 44% for AZA + LEN (P=0.63). The addition of LEN to AZA did not improve outcome. In paper II we studied the influence of cytogenetics on treatment response in the study and if specific cytogenetic findings could predict outcome. Patients with del(5q) and complex karyotype or an unbalanced translocation of 5q had a shorter median overall survival (OS) (P=0.004). The aim in paper III was to op-timize diagnostic procedures and follow-up assessment with cytomorphology, bone marrow trephine biopsy and immunohistochemistry (IHC) in patients with higher-risk MDS and AML with 20-30% blasts with a karyotype including del(5q). In 18 patients (25%) a higher bone marrow blast percentage was de-tected by IHC compared to cytomorphology, shifting the diagnosis to either a higher-risk MDS subgroup or AML and is useful for correct subclassification in del(5q) high-risk myeloid disease and for response assessment. In conclusion, the findings in this thesis show that high-risk MDS with del(5q) is a myeloid disorder with a dismal prognosis. There seems to be a window of molecular response to AZA after 3 months of treatment. Future studies should focus on the therapeutic window as a possibility for allogeneic stem cell trans-plantation
RYSSLANDS SÄKERHETSDILEMMA OCH IDENTITET : En kvalitativ studie om Rysslands motiv till krigfo ring i Ukraina utifra n realism och konstruktivism
No full textThe purpose of this study was to examine the motives of Russian aggression against Ukraine in the setting of Russia's decision to invade its neighboring country in late February 2022. This paper aimed to understand this phenomenon through the use of the international relations theories realism and constructivism together with their chosen operationalized concepts of security dilemma and identity. The empirical material for this is made up of official Russian government sources and has been reviewed through the use of a qualitative idea analysis. The main conclusions taken from the result of this study can be divided into two different dimensions. The realist and security dilemma interpretations mainly conclude that Russia was motivated to invade Ukraine because it illustrates itself as answering to foreign security risks or as an active seeker for security maximizations and opponent of the US world hegemony. Both the events leading up to the invasion and the invasion by Russia itself can in this way be interpreted as a source for security dilemmas between Russia and its proclaimed opponent in the US and NATO, fueling the chain reaction of action-reaction. The constructivist dimension has illustrated that Russian motives to take military action in Ukraine is rooted in identity, power and perception. Russia sees itself as a great power with its own claim and responsibility towards Ukraine, and that the Russian identity on the world stage is threatened by the western world. To ensure its role on this stage and to be able to influence the Ukrainian identity, Russia recognized separatist regions and used military force in Ukraine. Finally, Russia also saw this course of action as a way to protect its national identity and the Russian speaking population
Supportive care for families in open-heart surgery : professional attitudes, family-important situations, and a conversation model evaluation
No full textOpen-heart surgery is known to affect not only the patient, but also his or her family members. Therefore, family involvement in relation to this surgical procedure ought to be supported. Attention should be paid to the whole family’s well-being. There is a lack of research on how this should be done in current open-heart surgical care settings. The overall aim was to describe, explore, evaluate, and interpret family involvement in relation to patients undergoing open-heart surgery using social support theory. Study I had a mixed-methods convergent parallel design and was conducted through integrating one cross-sectional and two qualitative datasets describing registered nurses’ (n = 267) and licensed physicians’ (n = 20) attitudes toward family involvement in open-heart surgical care. Descriptive qualitative data were analyzed using the critical incident technique to explore patients’ (n =35) (Study II) and family members’ (n = 29) (Study III) experiences and actions regarding family involvement. In Study IV, quantitative data were analyzed in a randomized clinical trial to evaluate the effects of the family health conversations when delivered to patients with their family members via videoconferencing. The primary analysis was based on questionnaire responses from 101 patients (control = 54, intervention = 47) and 99 of their family members (control = 52, intervention = 47). The results of Study I–IV were synthesized by applying a mixed-methods approach. The synthesized findings showed that family involvement in open-heart surgical care entails social and professional supportive aspects. Family involvement is a concept that also has unsupportive aspects. Patients and family members have needs connected to all these aspects that can be met by family-centered care policy and intervention. The family health conversations is one intervention that has potential to meet the needs of families in this context. In addition to the implementation of family-centered policies, the findings support a team approach to supportive conversations in open-heart surgical care and further exploration and evaluation of peer support programs in this context
The radiographers experience ofworking with CBCT as a new modality : An interview study
No full textIntroduktion Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) är en relativ ny röntgenteknik inom bild och funktionsmedicin som erbjuder hög bildkvalitet med låg stråldos, men innebär nya arbetsmetoder och utmaningar för röntgensjuksköterskor. Syfte Syftet är att belysa röntgensjuksköterskans upplevelse av att arbeta med CBCT som ny modalitet. Metod En kvalitativ semistrukturerad intervjustudie genomfördes med sju legitimerade röntgensjuksköterskor vid ett svenskt universitetssjukhus. Det insamlade materialet från intervjuer analyserades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat Resultatet i denna studie visar att införandet av CBCT medför både möjligheter och utmaningar. Röntgensjuksköterskorna upplevde bristande utbildning och stöd, vilket skapade osäkerhet i det kliniska arbetet, samtidigt uttrycktes en positiv inställning till tekniken. Tekniska begränsningar såsom rörelseartefakter, litet field of view (FOV) och ineffektiv bildhantering identifierades. Slutsats CBCT upplevs som värdefull men utmanande modalitet inom röntgenverksamhet där dess fördelar kräver ökad utbildning och stöd för en säker och likvärdig användning. Studien belyser behovet av kontinuerlig yrkesmässig utveckling för en säker och effektiv användning av tekniken.Introduction Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) is a relatively new imaging technique used in radiology that provides high-quality images with a low radiation dose. Its introduction has brought changes to the workflow and posed new challenges for radiographers. Aim The purpose of this study is to explore how radiographers experience working with CBCT as a newly introduced modality. Method A qualitative semi-structured interview study was conducted with seven licensed radiographers at a Swedish university hospital. The collected interview material was analysed using qualitative content analysis. Result The result in this study shows that the implementation of CBCT brings both opportunities and challenges. Radiographers experienced a lack of education and support, which created uncertainty in clinical practice, while also expressing a positive attitude toward the technology. Technical limitations such as motion artifacts, small field of view (FOV), and inefficient image management were identified. Conclusion CBCT is perceived as a valuable but challenging modality within radiography, where its advantages require increased training and support to ensure safe and equitable use. The study highlights the need for continuous professional development to achieve safe and effective use of the technology
”Släcka bränder” : En intervjubaserad studie om lärares upplevda kollegiala förutsättningar att bedriva ett effektivt antimobbningsarbete
No full textThis study explores teachers’ experiences and perceptions of anti-bullying work at two Swedish schools one secondary and one upper secondary. Through qualitative interviews, the research investigates how teachers understand, manage, and are supported in their antibullying responsibilities. The findings reveal significant organizational differences: while secondary school teachers report a structured approach and shared understanding of bullying that facilitates more consistent interventions, upper secondary teachers describe a lack of leadership, collegial coordination, and administrative support. Across both settings, teachers emphasize the importance of increased adult presence in shared school spaces, such as corridors and cafeterias, as a key factor in preventing bullying. The results highlight the necessity of a "whole-school approach," where leadership, staff collaboration, and structural support play central roles. Despite time constraints and limited resources, targeted efforts such as increased supervision and professional development are seen as essential to creating a safe and inclusive school environment
Application of EU law and the law of EU Member States in Ukraine and of Ukrainian law in EU Member States
No full textThis chapter examines problematic issues concerning the application of EU law and the law of EU Member States in Ukraine and the law of Ukraine in EU Member States. The full-scale invasion of Ukraine by the Russian Federation has had many unprecedented consequences, including the migration of Ukrainian population to EU countries on an unprecedented scale. From the perspective of private international law, it is a matter of time before such migration will give rise to legal situations with a foreign element within the meaning of private international law, and the relevant rules will need to be applied. In recent years, the number of cases involving a foreign element has increased significantly in the judicial and notarial practice of Ukraine. This raises a number of questions that are classic for private international law: which court/notary has jurisdiction to hear the case? Which law is applicable in a specific situation? How are court decisions and authentic instruments originating in Ukraine or an EU country recognised and enforced? In addition, this chapter examines the existing provisions of Ukrainian law that provide preliminary answers to these questions, EU regulations and the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union
Häxorna av Roald Dahl : En jämförelsestudie från kapitelbok till serieversion
No full textI den här studien undersöker jag genom komparativ metod hur Roald Dahls bok Häxorna skildras när den går från kapitelbok och adapteras till serieversion. De böcker som jämförs är originalutgåvan av Häxorna från 1984 och serieversionen som kom ut 2020 och analysen undersöker handlingens kompositioner och karaktärsskildringar. Studien tar även upp en didaktisk aspekt kring hur man kan använda sig av adaption i ett klassrum. Utifrån styrdokumenten för svenska på högstadiet, avser den didaktiska delen att genomföra en jämförelse mellan äldre utgåva och ny utgåva och den senares förmåga att skapar förutsättningar för dels elevernas utveckling i läsning men även för deras förmågan att kritiskt analysera olika verk. Resultatet visar att adaptionen från kapitelbok till serieformat påverkar berättelsen till en viss grad, men också att karaktärer skildras på nya sätt när en boks utformning sker i bilder istället för text. De förändringar som har gått att urskilja i handlingens kompositioner och karaktärsskildringar påverkar inte berättelsen i sin helhet, dock man kan se vissa karaktärer och vissa kapitel i ett nytt ljus
Dolda ideologier i undervisningen : En textanalys av hur samhällsekonomi förklaras i läroböcker för gymnasiet
No full textAs teachers in social studies, it is essential to present different perspectives on how economic structures and ideas can be understood. However, studies show that textbooks tend to give biased descriptions of economics. Research also shows that social study teachers feel dependent on textbooks to teach economics, which makes it important that textbooks present different perspectives through which students can understand economics. This study examines chapters on economics through an ideological perspective in textbooks created for vocational and academic tracks in Swedish upper-secondary schools. My research questions are as follows: “How are national economic conditions and key terms described in the textbooks?”, “What ideological traits are revealed?” and “What similarities and differences appear between textbooks created for different groups of students?” To answer these research questions, I conduct a descriptive textual analysis where I examine six textbooks through value- and descriptive statements and ideal types created of liberalism, socialism, and ecologism. I conclude that textbooks describe the free market as a natural part of economic systems, that welfare should be distributed between individuals, and that the state should actively control the labor market. I also conclude that liberalism and socialism are highly influential on the textbooks' descriptions and that few ideas are influenced by ecologism. My research gives teachers insights into how ideological ideas can influence Swedish textbooks, emphasizing that textbooks are influenced by multiple ideologies rather than one
David L. Collinson
No full textDavid L. Collinson is a UK-based scholar of gender, organizations and management, with a special interest in leadership. Collinson can rightly claim to be amongst a small number of top-flight European scholars in his field. His range of work on critical approaches to leadership, management and organization is vast and variegated, with primary interests in: leadership and followership dialectics; power, identities and insecurities; gender, men and masculinities; conformity, dramaturgy and resistance; humour in organizations; and positivity and Prozac leadership. In particular, he has focused much of his academic work on two related subject areas, leadership, and gender, men and masculinities, thus bridging Critical Leadership Studies (CLS) and Critical Studies on Men and Masculinities (CSMM).
