Publikationer från Örebro universitet
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Problemlösning i klassrummet : -En kvalitativ studie om lärares didaktiska val och roll i problemlösningsundervisning för åk F-3
No full textProblem-solving is highlighted as a central and valuable part of education when referring to mathematics, it is also a very complex area of teaching. This study explores how teachers in elementary school describe and motivate their didactic choices, and also the teacher’s role in conjunction with the education of problem solving. Through qualitative classroom observation and interviews with five actively working teachers, education is analyzed with backing from Jaworski's model the teaching triad. The results show that teachers mainly focus on the design of education and give support to the students, rather than challenging them further in their ways of thinking. The teachers’ awareness to adapt the tuition to individual needs and create a permissive classroom environment appears to be imperative in order to develop the students’ problem-solving capabilities. The discussion highlights the significance of problem-solving education occurring incessantly and with clear didactic intention. The teacher becomes an essential guide for the student between being supportive and the student’s own thoughts.Problemlösning lyfts fram som ett centralt och värdefullt innehåll i matematikundervisningen men också som ett komplext undervisningsområde. Denna studie undersöker hur lärare i årskurs F–3 beskriver och motiverar sina didaktiska val och sin roll i samband med problemlösningsundervisning. Genom kvalitativa klassrumsobservationer och intervjuer med fem verksamma lärare analyseras undervisningen med stöd i Jaworskis modell the teaching triad. Resultatet visar att lärare till stor del fokuserar på utformning av undervisning och att stötta eleverna, snarare än att utmana dem vidare i sitt tänkande. Lärarnas medvetenhet kring att anpassa undervisningen efter individuella behov och att skapa ett öppet klassrumsklimat framstår som avgörande för att stärka elevernas problemlösningsförmåga. Diskussionen lyfter vikten av att problemlösningsundervisning sker kontinuerligt och med tydlig didaktisk intention, där läraren blir en väsentlig vägledare samt behovet av att hantera spänningsfältet mellan stöd och elevers självtänkande
Lösningar för direktleverans av maskinredskap: : En studie hos Volvo Construction Equipment
No full textThe thesis was carried out at Volvo CE's Purchasing and Supply Chain Management department in Eskilstuna. The department faces the challenge of delivering products to their respective customers in an efficient and cost-effective manner and therefore wants to explore the possibility of shipping attachments directly to the customer from the supplier in a sustainable way. This thesis will serve as a preliminary study and the foundation for a future business case. The purpose was to examine the process of how attachments can be shipped within and between countries based on financial, practical and geographical parameters that influence the company's logistics within the European market. The purpose was also to develop a Direct Ship Model that visualizes the process of deciding when Direct Ship is advantageous or not to apply. Furthermore, recommendations and strategies for implementing the model were also developed. To navigate the complexities of creating a sustainable Direct Ship Model within a B2B context, perspectives from supply chain management and VAT as well as models and methods for process development to evaluate operational change were incorporated. By consolidating and integrating insights from collected data through a SWOT analysis and EERS model, the financial, practical and geographical parameters were identified. Furthermore, the Direct Ship Model was created, which consists of key questions, related to the parameters, that guide the assessment of whether Direct Ship is advantageous or not to apply. In addition, it is considered that a hybrid model that combines existing flows with Direct Ship is the most suitable approach in the current operational context. For Volvo CE to implement the Direct Ship Model, identified strategies for implementation need to be addressed. Process maturity is analyzed in relation to Direct Ship, meaning that the functions should implement strategies based on their maturity level. Furthermore, 10 strategies were identified and prioritized with a degree of importance (1–5): Phased Implementation of Direct Ship (1), Automated System Solutions for Increased Efficiency (2), Internal Relations Within the Organization (3), Establish KPIs for Direct Ship (3), Market Segmentation Based on Different Zones (3), Negotiate Minimum Order Quantity (4), Alter the Number of Pick-up Days (4), Negotiate LTL contracts (4), Partnership Brief (5), and Communication Channel (5). In conclusion, Volvo CE should start by addressing all identified parameters to make Direct Ship work and initially use the developed Direct Ship Model, while also working with the identified strategies.Examensarbetet genomfördes vid Volvo CE:s avdelning för Purchasing and Supply Chain Management i Eskilstuna. Avdelningen står inför utmaningen att leverera produkter till sina respektive kunder på ett effektivt och kostnadseffektivt sätt och vill därför undersöka möjligheten att skicka maskinredskap direkt till kund från leverantör på ett hållbart sätt. Detta arbete fungerar som en förstudie och utgör grunden till framtida affärsunderlag. Syftet var att undersöka processen för hur maskinredskap kan skickas inom och mellan länder baserat på finansiella, praktiska och geografiska parametrar som påverkar företagets logistik inom den europiska marknaden. Syftet var även att undersöka att utveckla en Direct Ship Modell som visualiserar processen för att avgöra när Direct Ship är fördelaktigt att tillämpa eller inte. Vidare togs även rekommendationer och strategier för implementering av modellen fram. För att navigera komplexiteten i att skapa en hållbar Direct Ship Modell inom B2B-sammanhang interagerades perspektiv från supply chain management och skatteregler, samt modeller och metoder för processutveckling, för att kunna utvärdera operativa förändringar. Genom att konsolidera och integrera insikter från insamlade data via en SWOT-analys och EERS-modell identifierades de finansiella, praktiska och geografiska parametrarna. Vidare skapades Direct Ship-modellen, vilken består av nyckelfrågor kopplade till dessa parametrar och som vägleder bedömningen av huruvida det är fördelaktigt eller inte att tillämpa Direct Ship. Dessutom anses en hybridmodell, som kombinerar befintliga flöden med Direct Ship, vara det mest lämpliga tillvägagångsättet i det nuvarande operativa sammanhanget. För att Volvo CE ska kunna implementera Direct Ship-modellen behöver identifierade strategier för implementering beaktas. Processmognaden analyseras i relation till Direct Ship, vilket innebär att funktionerna bör implementera strategier baserat på sin mognadsnivå. Vidare identifierades och prioriterades 10 strategier med en viktighetsgrad från 1 till 5: Stegvis implementering av Direct Ship (1), Automatiserade systemlösningar för ökad effektivitet (2), Interna relationer inom organisationen (3), Etablera nyckeltal (KPI:er) för Direct Ship (3), Marknadssegmentering baserat på olika zoner (3), Förhandla om minsta beställningsvolym (4), Justering av antalet upphämtningsdagar (4), Förhandla LTL-avtal (4), Upprätta partnerskapsbeskrivning (5), samt Kommunikationskanal (5). Sammanfattningsvis bör Volvo CE inleda med att adressera samtliga identifierade parametrar för att möjliggöra Direct Ship och initialt använda den framtagna Direct Ship-modellen, samtidigt som de arbetar med de identifierade strategierna
Holistic assessment in school physical education : ‘Seeing the whole picture with our trained eye’
No full textThis article focuses on teachers’ responsiveness to changes in assessment policy and how new guidelines affect assessment and grading practices in school physical education (PE). The previous national curriculum in Sweden directed many teachers towards an atomistic approach to assessment.The reformed guidelines, in contrast, mandate that teachers should strive for holistic assessment.Thus, the purpose of this study was to generate an understanding of how teachers interpret and translate the policy for holistic PE assessment and discuss potential consequences of their policyenactments. Data were generated through six focus group interviews with 22 PE teachers working at different secondary and upper secondary schools. The theoretical framework usedin the analysis is based on Ball et al.’s (2012a) work on policy enactment. The findings show that teachers view the policy for holistic assessment in PE positively. They claim that it enables them to concentrate on the bigger picture, weigh factors in terms of significance during assessment, and connect to students’ lives outside of PE. We discuss the potential consequences ofthe teachers’ policy enactments in terms of the backwash of the reform. On the one hand, the reform results in reduced transparency and a risk that certain areas of knowledge may be marginalised. On the other hand, the study suggests that teachers’ autonomy with respect to assessment increases. This autonomy, which ideally leads to valid holistic assessments and fair grades, is tailored to the students’ conditions and what they see as meaningful knowledge in life outside ofschool
Hållbara köp eller hållbara handlingar? : En scenariobaserad studie om hållbara lojalitetsprogrammenspåverkan på hållbar konsumtion
No full textKan en stenstorlek under 4 mm förutsäga spontan stenavgång för uretärsten?
No full textBakgrund: Urolithiasisärenalltvanligarefolksjukdomsomkangeupphovtillsvårasmärtoromstenenhamnariuretären.ISverigeanvändsenrelativtkonservativbehandlingdärmanoftaavvaktarspontanstenpassage.Trotsdettasaknastydligaevidensbaseraderiktlinjerförenspecifikstorleksgränsförenuretärstendärinterventionavståsvilketkanledatillosäkerhetikliniskabesluten. Syfte: Studienhadeisyfteatttestaenspecifiktröskelgränsförstenstorlekpå4mm,därspontanstenavgångförväntasinomfyraveckor,samtundersökahurstenenspositioniuretären(proximalellerdistal)påverkarsannolikhetenförspontanavgång. Metodenärprospektiv,diagnostiskochexplorativbaseradpåenkohortav102patienteriRegionÖrebrolänsomharsöktakutvårdförmisstänkturetärstenochsomharbekräftatsmeddatortomografi.Samtligauretärstenarmättesavtreoberoendepersonerpådatortomografibilderitreolikaplanochstatistiskaanalyserutfördes. Resultat: Inomenfyraveckorsperiodupplevde74av102patienterspontanstenavgång.Stenarsomvarmindreän4mmhadeensannolikhetförspontanavgångpå88procent(95%konfidensintervall(KI)77-95).Distalastenarhadeensignifikanthögrepassagefrekvensänproximalastenar(82%). Slutsats: Resultatfrånstudienvisaratturetärstenarunder4mmharhögsannolikhetförspontanavgånginomfyraveckor.Distalauretärstenarharhögresannolikhetförattpasseraspontantänproximala.Dettatalarförattengränspå4mmkananvändasförbeslutomkonservativbehandlingochreduceradanvändningavradiologiskuppföljningförsmå,distalastenar.1
Occupational therapists’ experiences with time aids with calendars, daily boards, and reminder functions for people with dementia : A qualitative interview study
No full textBakgrund: Vid demenssjukdom kan nedsatt tidsuppfattning leda till att självständigheten minskar när personen inte klarar av den dagliga tidshanteringen. Enligt Socialstyrelsens nationella riktlinjer för vård och omsorg vid demenssjukdom bör individuellt anpassade kognitiva hjälpmedel erbjudas till personer med demenssjukdom. Tidshjälpmedel kan användas som stöd i daglig tidshantering för personer med demenssjukdom, men utveckling av tekniken sker kontinuerligt och därför behövs kunskap om arbetsterapeuters erfarenheter av förskrivning av nya hjälpmedel. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva arbetsterapeuters erfarenheter av förskrivningen av enkla elektroniska kalendrar med dygnstavla och påminnelsefunktion som kan hanteras på distans, till personer med demensdiagnos eller mild kognitiv svikt (MCI). Metod: Semistrukturerade intervjuer med arbetsterapeuter (n=9). Deltagarna valdes utifrån att de hade erfarenhet av området som undersöktes samt att de under det senaste året hade förskrivit aktuellt tidshjälpmedel. Intervjuerna analyserades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Studien resulterade i fyra kategorier och tio subkategorier. Kategorierna var: ”Minnesutredning en väg till förskrivning av tidshjälpmedel”, ”Personcentrerat arbetssätt viktigt vid implementering”, ”Uppföljning ökar kunskapen om CARY Base” samt ” Organisatoriska faktorer påverkar förskrivningen av CARY Base”. Slutsatser: Studien gav ökad förståelse för arbetsterapeuternas erfarenhet av förskrivning av den elektroniska kalendern CARY Base med dygnstavla och påminnelsefunktion som kan hanteras på distans, till personer med en demensdiagnos eller MCI. Tidshjälpmedlet kan ge stöd för utförandet av vardagsaktiviteter och på så sätt bidra till ökad självständighet, självkänsla samt avlasta anhöriga och minska oro för båda parter. Arbetsterapeutens roll behöver stärkas tidigt i den basala minnesutredningen för att möjliggöra en bedömning utifrån behovet av kognitivt stöd i vardagen för största möjliga nytta för personer som drabbats av demenssjukdom eller MCI.Background: In dementia, impaired time processing ability can lead to reduced independence when the person is unable to manage daily time. According to the National Board of Health and Welfare's national guidelines for care and welfare in dementia, individually adapted cognitive aids should be offered to people with dementia. Time aids can be used to support daily time management for people with dementia, but the development of the technology is ongoing and therefore knowledge is needed about occupational therapists' experiences of prescribing new aids. Aim: The purpose was to describe occupational therapists' experience of prescribing simple electronic calendars with a daily schedule and reminder function that can be managed remotely, for people with a diagnosis of dementia or mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Method: Semi-structured interviews with occupational therapists (n=9). The participants were chosen based on their experience in the area being investigated and that they had prescribed the relevant assistive devices in the past year. The interviews were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results: The study resulted in four categories and ten subcategories. The categories were: "Memory investigation a way to prescription of time aids", "Person-centered working method important in the implementation", "Follow-up increases knowledge about CARY Base” and " Organizational factors affect the prescription of CARY Base”. Conclusions: The study provided an increased understanding of occupational therapists’ experience of prescribing the electronic calendar CARY Base with a daily schedule and reminder function that can be managed remotely, to people with a diagnosis of dementia or MCI. The time aid can provide support for the performance of everyday activities and thus contribute to increased independence, self-esteem and relieve relatives and reduce anxiety for both parties. The role of the occupational therapist needs to be strengthened early in the basic memory assessment to enable an assessment based on the need for cognitive support in everyday life for the greatest possible benefit for people affected by dementia or MCI
Flavivirus Replicon-Based Novel Vaccine Candidates Against Hepatitis C Virus
No full textBackground Chronic liver disease caused by Hepatitis C virus (HCV), contributes to a major health burden worldwide. Although chronic infections with the HCV can be effectively cured by antivirals, but the cured patients can be re-infected as they lack protective immune responses. In addition, the relatively high cost of the HCV treatment brings concerns about the accessibility, especially in the developing countries. Hence, there exists a need for cost effect vaccines with high efficiency to control and possibly eradicate HCV globally. Methods We have developed and utilized flavivirus replicons as delivery system to prime hepatitis-specific immune responses. We generated subgenomic replicons of Tick-borne encephalitis virus, Langat virus, West-Nile virus (WNV), and Kunjin virus (KUNV) expressing a fusion protein between the HCV NS3/4A and core protein of stork hepatitis B virus. Antigen expression and immunogenicity of these flavivirus replicons was evaluated in vitro and in vitro, respectively. Results Transfection experiments showed that the antigen expression by KUNV and WNV replicons was several folds higher than the antigen expression of control DNA plasmid with CMV promoter. In a murine model, KUNV replicon triggered a potent cellular immune response with respect to priming of HCV NS3/4A-specific T cells as determined by ELISpot, and polyfunctionality assays. In addition, vaccination with KUNV replicon also induced HCV NS3/4A-specific humoral immune response. Conclusion These findings indicate that the KUNV replicon-based HCV vaccine can induce both the neutralizing antibodies and protective T cell responses. Thus, the newly developed KUNV replicon-based vaccine is an attractive candidate to provide protection against HCV
Lessons Learned from Creating Course Content using Generative AI
No full textThe release of generative AI tools such as OpenAI’s ChatGPT has sparked interest in their implications for education. While early discourse emphasized concerns about plagiarism and academic integrity, recent studies have begun to explore the potential of these tools to support teaching and learning. This paper presents a case study on the use of ChatGPT in the redesign of a first-year systems development project course for informatics students. The course required the integration of various course materials, making it a suitable context for evaluating generative AI’s role in course material development. The aim of the study is to present lessons learned from using ChatGPT in the development of course content. Drawing on our practical experience as course designers and instructors, we outline lessons learned from using ChatGPT in the creation of key course elements, including case descriptions, SQL scripts, and requirements specifications. We found that ChatGPT was effective for generating coherent initial drafts of content, but its outputs often required refinement to ensure pedagogical alignment. Challenges included the generation of misleading or irrelevant non-functional requirements and logically flawed code, despite syntactic correctness. Our findings highlight the importance of prompt engineering, critical review, and maintaining a human-in-the-loop approach. We conclude that while ChatGPT can significantly reduce development time for some tasks, it should be used as a complementary tool. This study contributes practical insights to the growing field of AI-assisted education
Multi-speed transmission for a vehicle, a vehicle, and a method for operating a multi-speed transmission
No full textA multi-speed transmission for a vehicle has an extension in an axial direction and includes first and second input shafts, first and second output shafts, and first and second intermediate shafts. The transmission includes an annulus internally toothed first ring gear drivingly connected to the second input shaft and an annulus internally toothed second ring gear releasably connected to the first ring gear. The first intermediate shaft includes first and second gear wheels respectively in engagement with the first ring gear and the second ring gear. The second intermediate shaft includes a third gear wheel in engagement with the first ring gear and a fourth gear wheel in engagement with the second ring gear. The first output shaft includes a fifth gear wheel in engagement with second gear wheel, and the second output shaft includes a sixth gear wheel in engagement with the fourth gear wheel.
Is Higher Levels of Mentalizing Ability Linked to Lower Levels of Speciesist Attitudes?
No full textSpeciesism innebär att människor anses ha högre moraliskt värde än djur enbart baserat på arttillhörighet och liknas vid fördomar såsom rasism och sexism. Mentalisering, förmågan att förstå egna och andras mentala tillstånd, har visat samband med empati och minskade fördomar. Syftet med studien var att undersöka huruvida hög mentaliseringsfömåga leder till låg nivå av speciesistiska attityder. Studien använde en kvantitativ tvärsnittsdesign och data samlades in genom en webbenkät med 75 deltagare. Mentalisering mättes med Mentalization Scale och speciesism med Speciesism Scale. En enkel linjär regressionsanalys visade ett signifikant negativt samband mellan mentalisering och speciesism. Effekten försvann vid kontroll för kön, där kvinnor uppvisade högre nivå av mentalisering och lägre nivå av speciesism än män. Resultatet tyder på att kön är en förväxlingsvariabel, vilket bör beaktas i framtida forskning om attityder gentemot djur.Speciesism indicates that humans are considered to have higher moral value than animals based solely on species affiliation and is likened to prejudices like racism and sexism. Mentalization, the ability to understand one's own and others' mental states, has been associated with empathy and reduced prejudice. The aim of the study was to examine whether high mentalizing ability leads to low levels of speciesist attitudes. A quantitative cross-sectional design was used and data were collected through an online survey with 75 participants. Mentalization was measured with the Mentalization Scale and speciesism with the Speciesism Scale. A simple linear regression analysis showed a significant negative association between mentalization and speciesism. The effect disappeared when controlling for gender, with women showing higher levels of mentalization and lower levels of speciesism than men. The result suggests that gender is a confounding variable, which should be considered in future research on attitudes towards animals