Publikationer från Örebro universitet
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Ensembleundervisningens lärmiljöer : Musiklärares resonemang om sitt arbete med lärmiljöer i ensembleundervisning.
No full textStudiens syfte är att undersöka hur musiklärare i gymnasieskolan resonerar kring sitt arbete med lärmiljöer i ensembleundervisning. Studien är kvalitativt utformad med semistrukturerade intervjuer som metod. Tre intervjuer genomfördes med musiklärare på gymnasiet med erfarenhet inom ensembleundervisning. Studien använder ett miljöfokuserat utbildningsfilosofiskt perspektiv av Dewey samt en förståelse av lärmiljöns dimensioner av Sveriges Kommuner och Regioner. Resultatet visar hur resonemang kring lärmiljön ser ut hos tre musiklärare. Resultatet visar att en god lärmiljö i ensembleundervisning är en designad utbildningsmiljö där den fysiska, den pedagogiska och den sociala lärmiljön samspelar för att bidra till en positiv undervisningssituation
How accounting continues : 25 years of building a management control infrastructure in a Swedish municipality
No full textPurpose: This paper follows how a Swedish municipality builds their management control infrastructure over 25 years – from the early 1990s to the middle of the 2010s; complemented by a revisit in 2023. The analysis builds on Power’s (2015) framework on “how accounting begins.” As such, it will show the process in which objects such as quality, competence, fairness and economy (1) start their journey as abstract policy objects – promises or dreams, but also as problems – that should be achieved by the municipal organization; (2) begin to take on more concrete forms as they become elaborated, activities are orchestrated and an increasingly stable infrastructure is built around them and (3) achieve multiplicity in ways that make the daily work of practitioners highly complex, leading them to engage in strategizing. This makes accounting continue: once this long and arduous process is worked through, when the infrastructure has stabilized, and the strategizing behavior is learned, this three-step process moves much faster. Design/methodology/approach: This study is a longitudinal case study over 25 years in one municipal organization: the city of Stockholm – capital of Sweden. We begin in 1991, which is the approximate start of a shift in Stockholm from an old public administration model (Hood, 1991) toward NPM, and we end in 2016, with a post script 2023, when this shift has proceeded into something slightly new and different. Our research engagement with the city of Stockholm has been long-standing: since the early 1990s, we have been conducting five larger research projects on different aspects of management control (for example, the introduction of competition or the decentralization reform) and we have had continuous exchange with city officials and co-workers through workshops and participative observations. For the purpose of this study, we focus on the data from the five research projects and the reading of all budget documents and annual reports from 1991 to 2016. Findings: The findings extend the framework by Power (2015) in a way that helps us understand how accounting continues. Accounting continues for three interrelated reasons: (1) because of the foundational work that is done over a long time, and according to Power’s (2015) model, where objects such as quality, competence and economy go from existing in abstract programmatic forms to more concrete technological ones around which activities can be orchestrated and where exercises involving learning and collaboration are key. (2) Because such learning and collaboration allow practitioners – professionals and accountants – to engage in strategizing the system in different ways that make it functional. Such strategizing can be argued to be part of the broader infrastructure – not only the “highways” but also the shortcuts and scenic detours are part of it. (3) Because such strategizing makes top managers and politicians think that the system works in rather unproblematic ways – they never see the struggles that go on “the lower levels” of organization. The argument of this paper is that the focus on the outside world and the interest to extend the system by incorporating more and more objects in programmatic forms that we see on the political level in the third period is a sign of further diffusion by accounting: because the system seems to work so well, it can be extended to new parts of the world. And this is how accounting continues. Research limitations/implications: From the empirical data, we have derived three periods, which can be seen as three phases of building the infrastructure. We see these periods as struggles to gain knowledge about what the organization should provide and an ongoing engagement to build an infrastructure that would support the delivery of the identified objects quality, economy, fairness and competence. These periods could, of course, be divided in different ways. However, as we interpreted the patterns in our data, this dividing of the data seemed reasonable. Practical implications: In the first chapter of their book, Lapsley and Miller (2024, p. 4) provide a quote from 1983 by an NPM proponent. This proponent depicted the old public administration model, which institutions like, e.g. the NHS, were built upon, as “‘a mobile’: designed to move with every breath of air, but which infact never changes its position and gives no clear indication of direction.” Exactly the same thing can be said about the NPM-related infrastructure we have analyzed. Funck and Karlsson (2023) are obviously right when they argue that proponents of post-NPM movements echo the concerns of NPM proponents “back in the days.” We add to this by arguing that NPM has become what it was supposed to replace: a directionless mobile, maintaining status quo while allowing for strategic behavior (Caffrey et al., 2019). What we learn from NPM’s early days is that no “radical rethinking” (Parker et al., 2023) or “imaginaries” (Funck and Karlsson, 2023) can change this: what is needed, for a real paradigm shift, is the introduction of new problems and new experimentation on the practical level. What remains, both from a practical and academic point of view, would be to discuss what constitutes “enough experimentation”? What can be introduced today that is as disruptive as the introduction of, e.g. tender documents, purchaser/provider models, profit units, etc. during the implementation of NPM? These questions might have to be answered – otherwise accounting will continue to perform as is. Originality/value: We believe a relevant contribution with the paper is the longitudinal character of the method
EQualCare : Alone but connected? Digital (in)equalities in care work and generational relationships among older people living alone – White Paper
No full textThe digital age requires people of all ages to communicate and organise their lives through digital technologies. The project EQualCare (“Alone but connected? Digital (in)equalities in care work and generational relationships among older people living alone”) investigated how the growing population of older people living alone is man-aging this transition, how it shapes their (non-)digital social networks and what changes on local, regional, national and international levels need to be brought about to ensure (digital) equality. This white paper gives insight into the multi-method work that was done, summarises key findings, and provides recommendations for policy and practice. EQualCare was a cross-cultural comparison and collaboration across Finland, Ger-many, Latvia and Sweden, with Finland and Sweden as two countries advanced in the digitalisation of civic and private life and thus providing a helpful contrast to Germany and Latvia that are at different levels of digitalisation. Their joint work comprised of four parts: • To begin with all four national researcher teams conducted respective critical document analyses of social policy documents and legislation, examining how ageing, living alone, digitalisation, and care-responsibilities are portrayed in the national policy documents. • Following, an analyses of existing national and EU data sets on ageing took place to draw comparative information on living conditions, income, health, use of dig-ital devices, and care work across the four countries. • The central part of EQualCare entailed a participatory action research (PAR) project that was conducted across the four countries and involved older people as co-researchers in nine local project teams. • The model of EQualCare was a participatory policy making one, whereby the work of one of the PAR projects was connected with the others, with the findings from the policy analyses and statistical analyses providing the backdrop and scaf-folding to develop the recommendations. The project team was strongly multidisciplinary; bring together experienced re-searchers in anthropology, business organisation and management studies, cultural studies, education, gender studies, psychology, social psychology, social work and sociology.This white paper is published on the completion of the project “Alone but connected? Digital (in)equalities in care work and generational relationships among older people living alone”, supported by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research, the Research Council of Finland, the Latvian Ministry of Education and Science, FORTE Swedish Research Council for Health, Working Life and Welfare and the funding organisations of the Joint Programming Initiative “More Years, Better Lives”. It provides a synthesis of the main results of the project.</p
Exkluderande och inkluderande utbildningsmiljöer för icke-binära transelever : En litteraturstudie utifrån ett anti-oppressive education perspektiv
No full textThis literature review examines prior research on non-binary transgender individuals in educational settings to explore how educational environments can be either excluding or including for non-binary transgender students, drawing on the theoretical framework of anti-oppressive education as developed by Kevin K. Kumashiro. By combining Neil Gislason’s model of school climate with Nadiia Chernukha’s model of inclusive sociocultural environments, the study analyzes four key dimensions of the school setting: physical, organizational, pedagogical, and social. The review reveals that non-binary students are frequently marginalized within school systems built around binary gender norms, often experiencing a lack of recognition, discriminatory treatment, and limited access to affirming spaces. These exclusionary conditions are linked to negative impacts on mental health and a diminished sense of belonging. However, the study also highlights strategies for inclusion, such as gender-neutral facilities, inclusive curricula, teacher training, and the importance of peer and staff support. The findings emphasize the need for educational institutions to actively challenge cisnormative structures and promote a school climate grounded in respect, equity, and recognition of gender diversity
Interprofessional team collaboration and work environment in the occupational health service in Sweden : The professionals’ perspective
No full textThe occupational health service (OHS) constitutes an independent resource with competence to identify and describe connections among work environments, organizations, productivity, and health, and can prevent and eliminate health risks in the workplace, for the best public health of the workforce. To do this, the OHS needs to be interdisciplinary. Therefore, the overall aim of this thesis was to investigate and explore interprofessional team collaboration (ITC) in the OHS in Sweden by measuring, describing, and comparing professionals’ per-ceptions and experiences of ITC and psychological and social factors in their work environment. Three quantitative studies and one qualitative study was conducted. A psychometric study was conducted to adapt and evaluate the Assessment of Interprofessional Team Collaboration Scale (AITCS) (Study I). Data collected with AITCS-SII(OH) and the General Questionnaire for Psychological and Social Factors at Work (QPS-Nordic) were used to compare and describe perceptions and experiences of professionals in the OHS (Studies II–III). Five focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted to explore the experiences of ITC (Study IV). The findings show that AITCS-SII(OH) is a valid and reliable tool in this context, there are differences and similarities within the professionals’ experience of ITC and their work environment. Specialist education in occupational health and safety and type of OHS may influence perceptions and experiences of ITC and the work environment. Evidence Based Practice needs to be implemented further in the OHS and the OHS need to develop and promote ITC
The radiographer’s experience of workingwith acute trauma in computed tomography : A survey study
No full textIntroduktion: Akuta traumasituationer kräver snabb och korrekt diagnostik. Röntgensjuksköterskan har vid dessa undersökningar en betydelsefull roll för patientens fortsatta vård genom de radiologiska undersökningarna. Vid omhändertagandet är ett välfungerande samarbete väsentligt för en effektiv och säker vård. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att undersöka röntgensjuksköterskans upplevelser av att arbeta med akuta trauman vid datortomografi. Metod: Studien baserades på en enkätundersökning med både kvantitativa och kvalitativadelar. Totalt deltog 39 röntgensjuksköterskor från tre större sjukhus i olika regioner. Resultat: Deltagarna upplevde en känsla av säkerhet och trygghet i arbetet vid akutatraumasituationer, även om vissa problemområden identifierades. För att stärka samarbetet med traumateamet önskade deltagarna ha gemensamma träningstillfällen i en stressfri miljö. Slutsats: Röntgensjuksköterskor upplever trygghet i sin yrkesroll vid akuta trauman och har fungerande strategier för att hantera stress. Trots ett generellt välfungerande interprofessionellt samarbete förekommer utmaningar som kan påverka arbetsflödet negativt. Fortsatt träning anses viktig för att stärka teamets samarbete.Introduction: Acute trauma situations require rapid and accurate diagnostics. In these examinations, the radiographer has an important role in the patient’s continued care through the radiological examinations. In healthcare, well-functioning collaboration is essential for effective and safe care. Aim: The purpose of this study is to investigate the radiographer’s experiences of working with acute trauma in computed tomography. Method: A survey was conducted using quantitative and qualitative methods. A total of 39 radiographers from three major hospitals in different regions participated. Results: The participants felt secure and confident in their work during acute trauma situations, even though certain problem areas were identified. To strengthen collaboration with the trauma team, the participants expressed a desire for joint training sessions in a low-stress environment. Conclusion: Radiographers feel confident in their professional role during acute trauma and have effective strategies for managing stress. Despite generally well-functioning interprofessional collaboration, challenges may arise that negatively impact workflow. Continuous training is considered important for strengthening the team collaboration
Vertical centering and its impact on radiation dose and image quality in photon-counting CT : A phantom study
No full textIntroduktion: I röntgensjuksköterskans roll ingår att reducera stråldos till patienter och erhålla bästa möjliga bildkvalité. Fotonräknande CT (FRCT) registrerar enskilda fotoners energi vilket leder till bättre bildkvalité, mindre stråldos, mindre artefakter och möjliggör multi energiavbildning vilket ger med fördelar jämfört med konventionell CT. Vid CT-undersökningar centrerar röntgensjuksköterskan patienten i gantryts iso-center. Tidigare forskning av den vertikala fel-centreringens effekt på bildkvalité och stråldos behandlar främst studier utförda på konventionell CT. Syfte: Undersöka hur fel-centrering i höjdled påverkar stråldos och bildkvalité vid fotonräknande CT-undersökningar av hjärna. Metod: En experimentell kvantitativ fantomstudie utfördes på universitetssjukhuset Örebro. Ett skallfantom med en pennjonkammare undersöktes med FRCT. Skallfantomet placerades i iso-center och skannades utan ny översiktsbild och med ny översiktsbild. För varje serie skannades sju olika vertikala bordspositioner. Varje bordsposition skannades två gånger för att få ut medelvärdet i dos genom mGy, DLP och CTDIvol. Bildkvalité mättes genom att placera en Region of Interest (ROI) i bildernas frontal- och occipitallob. Genom ROI mättes Hounsfieldvärdets (HU) standardavvikelse vilket angav brusnivå i bilden. Resultat: Den vertikala höjdskillnaden påverkade stråldos marginellt. Bildkvalité försämrades däremot betydligt av skillnader vid vertikal fel-centrering. Standardavvikelsen i frontalloben mellan iso-center och bordsposition -6 cm ökade med 37,5%. Jämförelse mellan brusnivåerna utan och med ny översiktsbild visar större avvikelser utan ny översiktsbild. Slutsats: Vid fel-centrering kan falska fynd och missade strukturer leda till upprepade undersökningar eller missad diagnostik på grund av försämrad bildkvalité. Röntgensjuksköterskan bör därför säkerställa att positionering i iso-center blir korrekt.Introduction: The role of the radiology nurse includes reducing the radiation dose to patients and achieving the best possible image quality. Photon-counting CT detects the energy of individual photons, which results in better image quality, lower radiation dose, fewer artifacts, and enables multi-energy imaging, providing advantages compared to conventional CT. During CT examinations, the radiology nurse centers the patient in the gantry’s iso-center. Previous research on the effect of vertical mis-centering on image quality and radiation dose primarily focuses on studies conducted on conventional CT. Aim: Investigate how vertical mis-centering affects radiation dose and image quality in photon-counting CT examinations of the brain. Method: An experimental quantitative phantom study was conducted at Örebro University Hospital. A skull phantom with a pen ionization chamber was examined using photon-counting CT. The skull phantom was positioned in the iso-center and scanned both without a new scout image and with a new scout image. For each series, seven different vertical table positions were scanned. Each table position was scanned twice to obtain the average dose value in mGy, DLP, and CTDIvol. Image quality was measured by placing an ROI in the images' frontal and occipital lobes. Through the ROI, the standard deviation of the HU value was measured, indicating the noise level in the image. Results: The vertical height difference had a marginal effect on radiation dose. Image quality deteriorated notably due to variations in vertical mis-centering. The standard deviation in the frontal lobe between the iso-center and the table position at -6 cm increased by 37,5%. A comparison of noise levels without and with a new scout image showed greater deviations without a new scout image. Conclusion: In cases of mis-centering, false findings and missed structures can lead to repeated examinations or missed diagnoses due to reduced image quality. Therefore, the radiology nurse should ensure that positioning in the iso-center is accurate
KRIS SOM KATALYSATOR : En analys av svensk lagstiftning i tid av kris
No full textOver the past decade, Sweden has experienced several social crises that have succeeded one another. Due to these complex societal challenges, governments have introduced several measures that are mainly based on efficiency and quality. However, many of these measures have faced public criticism for potentially undermining Swedish legal security and civil rights. This paper has identified five government bills that propose legal action to address a crisis closely tied in time and analyses them using qualitative content analysis as the central method. Drawing on two theoretical concepts, procedural and instrumental legitimacy, we find that these measures are primarily legitimized on an instrumental basis. We conclude that governmental measures and legislation tend to prioritize quality and efficiency over legal security and civil rights, particularly when associated with societal crises
Evaluation of excavation control strategies using a Universal Robot UR10 robotic arm
No full textAutomatic excavation is highly relevant in many areas such as construction, process in- dustry, and agriculture, as it could improve efficiency and human safety. This thesis in- vestigates control strategies and previous articles regarding automatic excavation in con- struction. To obtain recent information about the development in the area of autonomous excavation, different companies experienced in that area are contacted. This thesis reviews available open source tools which could be applied to the task of autonomous excavation, and if no readily available tools are available, a solution would be developed and ana- lyzed. The excavation performance of potential tools was evaluated using a small-scale excavation testbed equipped with a Universal Robot UR10 6-axis robotic arm. Insights gained with a laboratory set-up can be leveraged when transferring to full-sized exca- vators. Excavation was done in a controlled indoor environment simulating construction conditions. Methods for controlling the robot arm using ROS2 and the Teach Pendant were implemented. Control strategies were tested and then evaluated. Findings and potential future works were discussed.Automatisk grävning är väldigt relevant i många områden såsom byggbranschen, pro- cessindustrin och jordbruk då den kan förbättra effektiviteten samt säkerheten. Detta ex- amensarbete undersöker styrstrategier och tidigare artiklar angående automatisk grävn- ing inom byggbranschen. För att erhålla senaste informationen angående utvecklingen av autonom grävning, olika företag erfarna inom området kontaktades. Denna rapport utvärderar tillgängliga verktyg med öppen källkod som skulle kunna utnyttjas till en uppgift inom autonom grävning, och om inga sådana verktyg skulle hittas, så skulle så- dana verktyg utvecklas och analyseras. Prestandan av verktygen tillämpade till autonom grävning hade utvärderats genom en testbädd där grävning utförs genom tillämpning av en Universal Robot UR10 6-axel robotisk arm. Insikter tagna genom sådan uppställ- ning kan utnyttjas när dessa metoder ska tillämpas på en fullskalig grävmaskin. Grävnin- gen gjordes i en kontrollerad miljö inomhus som simulerade byggplatsomständigheter. Metoder för styrning av robotarmen genom både ROS2 samt programmeringsenheten tillämpades. Styrstrategier testades och sedan utvärderades. Resultatet och potentiellt tillsvidare arbete diskuterades
Makt och stöd i balans : Perspektiv på digital övervakning i hemtjänsten
No full textThe possibilities for employers to digitally monitor their employees are increasing along with the digitalization of today’s society. This includes, for example, location and time tracking via apps. This study examines how home care staff perceive that work relationships are affected by digital monitoring. Furthermore, it explores how digital monitoring influences autonomy in their work. Previous research indicates that digital monitoring, such as time clocks and location tracking, has a variety of effects on employees. The consequences of digital monitoring include reduced efficiency, sense of security, and ability to exercise self-determination in work. The collected data is analyzed using Foucault's theory of surveillance and power, combined with Karasek and Theorell's demand-control-support model and the concept of autonomy. These theories and concepts complement each other, providing a deeper understanding of the experiences of home care staff. To investigate this, a qualitative study was conducted using semi-structured interviews. The sample consists of participants from various home care organizations in Sweden. The results show that digital monitoring has an indirect impact on relationships. Employers' use of monitoring significantly influences how it is perceived. Digital monitoring can strengthen relationships with colleagues but may also create divisions if there is suspicion of misconduct. The results also reveal that digital monitoring is perceived to limit the autonomy, but a long employment period and trust in the relationship to the manager can reduce the limiting effect.Möjligheterna för arbetsgivare att övervaka sina anställda digitalt ökar i takt med digitaliseringen i dagens samhälle. Det innebär exempelvis plats-och tidsspårning via appar. Denna studie undersöker hur hemtjänstpersonal upplever att arbetsrelationerna påverkas av den digitala övervakningen. Vidare undersöks hur den digitala övervakningen upplevs påverka autonomin i arbetet. Tidigare forskning visar att digital övervakning i form av stämpelklockor och platsspårning har en mängd olika effekter på den anställde. Konsekvenser av digital övervakning hämmar bland annat effektivitet, trygghet och möjligheten till självbestämmande i arbetet. Det insamlade materialet analyseras med stöd i Foucaults teori om övervakning och makt, tillsammans med Karasek och Theorells krav-kontroll-stöd-modell och begreppet autonomi. Dessa teorier och begrepp kompletterar varandra och skapar en fördjupad förståelse av hemtjänstpersonalens upplevelser. För att undersöka detta genomförs en kvalitativ studie med semistrukturerade intervjuer. Urvalet består av studiedeltagare från olika hemtjänstorganisationer i Sverige. Resultatet visar att den digitala övervakningen har en indirekt påverkan på relationerna. Arbetsgivarnas användning av övervakningen spelar roll för hur den upplevs. Den digitala övervakningen kan stärka relationerna till kollegor, men även skapa klyftor om det finns misstanke om fusk. Resultaten visar även att den digitala övervakningen upplevs begränsa autonomin, men att lång anställningstid och förtroende i relationen till chefen kan mildra den begränsande effekten