Publikationer från Örebro universitet
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Employment, Externalities, and Exploitation : Empirical Essays on Maritime Sectors and Renewable Resource Management
No full textThis thesis addresses empirically understudied and politically significant issues. Specifically, it examines the blue economy and renewable energy, both of which are central to the European Union’s economic and environmental strategies. Essay I examine employment dynamics in the Swedish blue economy, i.e., maritime and maritime-related sectors. By utilizing a novel firmlevel dataset covering 1998–2020, the analysis finds that firms within the blue economy generally exhibit higher employment growth and lower job destruction than their counterparts in other sectors. Essays II and III examine EU fisheries governance. Essay II examines the policy preferences of EU member states, as indicated by bargaining outcomes on Total Allowable Catches (TACs). The findings suggest that the United Kingdom, Ireland, Portugal, Lithuania, and Poland advocate for TACs above scientific advice, while Germany supports lower TACs. Essay III assesses interest group lobbying within the Baltic Sea Advisory Council, demonstrating that fisheries achieve greater lobbying success when scientific advice is more than 20 percent below the status quo or the level of conflict is high. In contrast, other interest groups are more successful when the level of conflict is low and scientific advice is closer to or above the status quo. Finally, Essay IV presents a meta-analysis of 252 estimates from 21 studies on the impact of wind turbines on property values. The results indicate a negative and significant effect on properties located within 4 km of a wind turbine, with stronger effects at closer distances and in more densely populated areas
Political rhetoric online : A critical rhetorical study on the multimodal meaning-making when Swedish politicians convey strategic messages about gang crime on different platforms online
No full textThis study examines how political leaders of Sweden’s two biggest parties use their rhetorical resources differently when communicating similar messages about gang violence, one of the most pressing and polarised issues in Swedish politics, on text-based and video-based social media. This is by using rhetorical criticism and constitutive rhetoric to compare how the political leaders strategically craft their messages differently across digital platforms. Through this, the study contributes to the research on digital political communication by understanding how political leaders use the situation with gang crime to strategically communicate their ideology in a way that connects with the audience and shapes political identity. The results of this study could show that nonverbal communication seems to support the speaker’s rhetorical ability to reinforce or change the message and build collective identity. More frequently, this was enabled in videos than in tweets. These findings are in line with Kjeldsen and Gelang’s (2023) study, indicating that nonverbal communication may function argumentatively in political communication
Security and privacy in virtual reality : a literature survey
No full textVirtual reality (VR) is a multibillionaire market that keeps growing, year after year. As VR is becoming prevalent in households and small businesses, it is critical to address the effects that this technology might have on the privacy and security of its users. In this paper, we explore the state-of-the-art in VR privacy and security, we categorise potential issues and threats, and we analyse causes and effects of the identified threats. Besides, we focus on the research previously conducted in the field of authentication in VR, as it stands as the most investigated area in the topic. We also provide an overview of other interesting uses of VR in the field of cybersecurity, such as the use of VR to teach cybersecurity or evaluate the usability of security solutions.Open access funding provided by Örebro University. This work was partially supported by the Wallenberg AI, Autonomous Systems and Software Program - Humanities and Society (WASPHS) funded by the Marianne and Marcus Wallenberg Foundation and the Marcus and Amalia Wallenberg Foundation.</p
Den tunna blå linjen: Informella relationer som skyddsnät i polisyrket : En kvalitativ studie om betydelsen av informella relationer på arbetsplatsen bland poliser i yttre tjänst
No full textA functional physical and social work environment is something everyone should be able to expect in the Swedish labor market. However, one professional group that cannot take this for granted is police officers working in operational service. This study aims to examine the significance of informal relationships in the workplace among police officers in operational service. The research questions addressing this purpose focus on how meaning is created and expressed around informal relationships, how these relationships are used to manage unsafe working conditions, and how hierarchical structures affect informal relationships. Previous research on the subject highlights the importance of effective socialization processes and the way a strong work culture fosters a sense of belonging and community. It also shows that collegial relationships perceived as unfulfilling by individuals can have negative consequences for the organization. Furthermore, research indicates that power and hierarchies can influence informal relationships in the workplace. This study, based on qualitative interviews with six police officers, reveals that informal relationships play a crucial role for police officers in operational service. Officers hold strong expectations for themselves and their colleagues to create, express, and maintain solidarity and trust. There are also strong norms regarding how informal workplace relationships should function. Additionally, informal relationships act as a safety net in challenging situations, something the formal organization relies on. Finally, both formal and informal power, as well as hierarchical positions, significantly influence the strength of informal relationships and perceptions of workplace conflicts.En fungerande fysisk och social arbetsmiljö är något som alla borde kunna förvänta sig på den svenska arbetsmarknaden. En av de yrkesgrupper som däremot inte kan ta detta för givet är poliser som arbetar i yttre tjänst. Följande studie syftar därför till att undersöka betydelsen av informella relationer på arbetsplatsen bland poliser i yttre tjänst. Frågeställningarna som ska besvara syftet handlar om hur mening kring informella relationer skapas och uttrycks, hur informella relationer används för att hantera osäkra arbetsförhållanden och hur makt och hierarkiska strukturer påverkar informella relationer. Tidigare forskning kring ämnet belyser vikten av fungerande socialiseringsprocesser och att en stark arbetskultur stärker känslor av tillhörighet och gemenskap, men också att kollegiala relationer som inte upplevs givande av individer istället får negativa konsekvenser för organisationen. Vidare visar forskning att makt och hierarkier kan påverka informella relationer på arbetsplatsen. Denna studie, som baseras på kvalitativa intervjuer med sex poliser, visar att informella relationer spelar en avgörande roll för poliser i yttre tjänst. Poliser har starka förväntningar på sig själva och sina kollegor om att skapa, uttrycka och upprätthålla samhörighet och tillit. Det finns även starka normer kring hur informella relationer i arbetet ska se ut. Dessutom fungerar informella relationer som ett skyddsnät vid svåra situationer, något som den formella organisationen förlitar sig på. Slutligen så har både formell och informell makt samt hierarkisk position betydelse för styrkan av de informella relationerna och synen på konflikter i arbetet
Utbildning, erfarenhet och kontakter - “nycklarna” till framgång i arbetssökandet : En kvalitativ forskningsstudie om balansen mellan akademisk utbildning, arbetslivserfarenhet och sociala nätverk i rekryteringsprocessen
No full textThe study aims to investigate how recruiters reason about the evaluation of the selection methods, work experience and academic education of applicants, as well as importance of the social network in the process. The study is based on six qualitative, semi-structured interviews. The interviewees work with recruitment within the engineering industry. Based on the themes that emerged from the data collection, the results are analyzed through Pierre Bourdieu's theory of capital, focusing on cultural- and social capital. The results of the study show that education is considered a fundamental basis for knowledge and, therefore, proof of familiarity and understanding for a specific role. Meanwhile, work experience is seen as evidence of competence in the role and practical knowledge. The study concludes that both education and work experience are generally valued highly by applicants, but that the valuation differs depending on the requirements of the role. The results also show that social networks are of great importance and beneficial for both candidates and recruiters in the recruitment process.Studien syftar till att undersöka hur rekryterare resonerar kring värderingen av urvalsmetoderna, arbetslivserfarenhet och akademisk utbildning hos sökande kandidater, samt vilken betydelse det sociala kontaktnätverket har i processen. Studien baseras på sex kvalitativa, semistrukturerade intervjuer. Intervjupersonerna arbetar med rekrytering inom ingenjörsbranschen. Utifrån de teman som framkommit i insamlingen av materialet, analyseras resultaten genom Pierre Bourdieus teori om kapital, med inriktning på kulturellt- och socialt kapital. Studiens resultat visar att utbildning anses vara ett grundfundament för kunskap och därmed bevis på vetskap och kännedom för en viss roll. Medan arbetslivserfarenhet anses vara ett bevis på kompetens inom rollen och en praktisk kunskap. Studien konstaterar att både utbildning och arbetslivserfarenhet generellt värderas högt hos sökande kandidater, men att det skiljer sig beroende på vad rollen kräver. Resultatet visar även att det sociala kontaktnätverket är betydande och fördelaktigt både för kandidater och rekryterare i rekryteringsprocessen
Paralympics TikTok: Hyllning eller förminskning? : En kvalitativ innehållsanalys av innehållet på Paralympics TikTok-konto
No full textThe Paralympics is one of the world's biggest sporting events on our planet and have through recent years grown in popularity. As has its social media account on the short-form video hosting platform. With over 4.5 million followers and close to 200 million total likes, it has attracted a large audience through the posting of highlight videos of para-athletes set to viral sounds or trendy songs. This study explores how para-athletes are represented on Paralympic's official TikTok account, focusing on how cultural and social norms regarding disability, performance, and inclusion are constructed, communicated, and challenged through the platform's content. Using a qualitative content analysis of 30 TikTok videos posted around the 2024 Summer Paralympics, the study identifies key themes such as representation of disability, gender and portrayal, and humour and cultural norms, as well as tonalities such as humorous, inspirational, informative, emotional and tribute in the portrayal of para-athletes. The findings reveal both opportunities and challenges in leveraging social media to reshape public perceptions of disability. While the account's content engages audiences and elevates para-athletes, it occasionally risks reinforcing stereotypes through humor and selective representation. This study highlights the potential of TikTok as a tool for both inclusive communication and critical reflection on how para-athletes are framed in digital spaces
Den nya blå tunnelbanelinjen : En studie om hur tunnelbanan ut till Barkarby och Nacka kan öka den sociala inkluderingen i staden
No full textI takt med urbaniseringen och ett större fokus på hållbar utveckling, har frågan om kollektivtrafikens roll blivit allt viktigare. Kollektivtrafiken och hållbar utveckling hänger samman då kollektivtrafikens utformning kan motverka ojämlikheter och främja en mer rättvis samhällsstruktur. Genom att koppla samman olika delar av staden kan kollektivtrafiken minska klyftorna mellan olika grupper. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur aspekterna tillgänglighet, trygghet och tillit, integreras i arbetet med utbyggnaden av den blå tunnelbanelinjen till Barkarby och Nacka. För att besvara studiens frågeställningar har en dokumentanalys genomförts, tillsammans med fem semistrukturerade intervjuer. Utbyggnaden av tunnelbanan till Barkarby respektive Nacka är ett avtalat samarbete mellan stat, region och kommun i Stockholmsförhandlingen. I uppsatsens resultat diskuteras planeringen för utbyggnaden av den nya tunnelbanelinjen utifrån tre olika teman: tillgänglighet, trygghet och tillit, för att ge en bild av vilken roll social inkludering har spelat i planeringsprocessen. Studiens slutsatser visar att båda delprojekten har förutsättningarna att bidra till en mer inkluderande Stockholmsregion, men att det i dagsläget inte kan sägas i vilken omfattning satsningarna kommer få effekt. Denna studie visar att regionen och kommunerna har olika ansvarsområden vid utbyggnaden av de nya tunnelbanelinjerna vilket leder till att samarbetet kring arbetet med social inkludering blir svårare att genomföra
Revisiting Cultures of Inscription : Digital Pencils in Swedish Compulsory Schools
No full textThis research report presents the results from the project Connecting digital and analog literacy: The potential of the digital pencil for text creation in schools (DigiPen). Digital pencils are used for writing, drawing, and pointing on tablet or laptop screens. So far, they have not been used to any larger extent in Swedish schools. Two studies of uses of digital pencils in Swedish compulsory schools are presented. One was carried out in a fourth-grade class and one in an eighth-grade class. The report describes the potentials of digital pencils as tools in schools for writing by hand, drawing, and thinking, as well as for performing tasks other than those that are possible with analog pencils. A number of detailed recommendations are presented, based on the empirical findings of the studies. The recommendations are directed toward teachers, teacher students, school management, and educational policymakers, as well as representatives of the hardware and software industry
Den förhöjda beredskapen : En kvalitativ studie om Sveriges policyförändringar inom beredskapssektorn i takt med NATO-inträdet och det förändrade säkerhetspolitiska läget
No full textThis study uses the WPR analytical model to examine how problems related to Sweden’s crisis preparedness are constructed in the political debates between the political parties the Social Democrats and Moderates, particularly in the context of Sweden’s NATO accession and the changed security policy situation. The results show that the problems are mainly represented within three themes: responsibility, preconditions, and prioritization. Both parties emphasize the importance of a functioning preparedness because of the changed security policy situation and Sweden’s entry into NATO but differ in how they view the division of responsibilities. The moderates emphasize the responsibility of municipalities and regions, while the Social Democrats see the state as primarily responsible. The study also shows how views on resources and priorities differ which can affect the possibility of effective implementation of the policy changes. The study concludes that the divergent problem representations, combined with political disagreements, can impede policy implementation. This lack of consensus can complicate cooperation and coordination, hindering effective adaptation to the demands of NATO membership. Future research should focus on practical cooperation and responsibility sharing between key actors in crisis preparedness work and the impact of ideological values on policy implementation
Kvinnors väg till framgång inomtransport- och logistikbranschen : En kvalitativ studie om karriärhinder, företagskulturens inverkan och hanteringsstrategier
No full textAlthough gender segregation in the labor market has decreased in recent decades, many challenges still remain for women seeking career advancement. This study aims to identify and analyze the obstacles women face during their career development in the transport and logistics industry, as well as the influence of organizational culture on these obstacles and the strategies they apply to attain and retain leadership positions. The analysis is grounded in the theory of doing gender, along with the concepts of homosociality and the glass ceiling. Previous research highlights that women still encounter numerous barriers in their pursuit of leadership roles. It also addresses the strategies women adopt to navigate these barriers and emphasizes the critical role of corporate culture in advancing to leadership positions. This study adopts a qualitative approach, employing interviews with women in leadership roles within the industry. The findings reveal that while progress has been made, women still face persistent challenges in their careers. These challenges also vary between workplaces, depending on the extent to which organizations have implemented efforts to address gender disparities.Trots att könssegregeringen på arbetsmarknaden har minskat under de senaste decennierna kvarstår många utmaningar för kvinnor att avancera i karriären. Studiens syfte är att identifiera och analysera de hinder kvinnor möter under sin karriärutveckling inom transport- och logistikbranschen, samt att undersöka företagskulturens inverkan och de strategier de tillämpar för att nå och behålla ledande positioner. Detta undersöks med hjälp av teorin doing gender samt begreppen homosocialitet och glastaket. Tidigare forskning belyser att det fortfarande finns många hinder som kvinnor kämpar med för att avancera i karriären. Forskningen belyser även de strategier som kvinnor använder sig av för att hantera dessa hinder, samt betonar företagskulturens betydelse i att möjliggöra avancemang till ledande positioner. Studien använder sig av ett kvalitativt tillvägagångssätt där kvinnor på ledande positioner inom branschen har intervjuats. Resultatet visar att kvinnor fortfarande upplever hinder i deras karriärer, men att det har skett förbättringar över tid. Dessa hinder varierar dessutom mellan olika arbetsplatser beroende på i vilken utsträckning organisationer har genomfört insatser för att åtgärda könsskillnader