Publikationer från Örebro universitet
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Relatives’ experiences of how occupational therapy affects ADL ability in people with dementia : A qualitative literature study
No full textBakgrund: Demens är en progressiv hjärnsjukdom som påverkar minne, kognition och förmågan att utföra vardagliga aktiviteter (ADL), vilket leder till ett ökat beroende av anhöriga. Arbetsterapi har en central roll i att stödja personer med demens i att bibehålla självständighet och livskvalitet genom individanpassade insatser. Syfte: Att beskriva anhörigas upplevelser av hur arbetsterapi påverkar ADL-förmågan hos personer med demenssjukdom. Metod: En litteraturstudie med kvalitativ ansatsgenomfördes. Nio vetenskapliga artiklar valdes ut efter systematiska sökningar i databaserna CINAHL with Full Text, PubMed och MEDLINE. Artiklarna granskades kvalitetsmässigt med hjälp av en checklista och analyserades därefter. Resultat: Två huvudkategorier identifierades: 1) Arbetsterapins påverkan på ADL med underkategorin förbättrad självkänsla, 2) Arbetsterapeutiska interventioner upplevs både som trygghet, lättnad och en börda med tre underrubriker: Struktur i vardagen, Tekniska hjälpmedel och Anhörigstöd. Arbetsterapi upplevs både som en lättnad, trygghet och en börda. Arbetsterapi upplevs både som en lättnad, en trygghet och en börda. Den främjar självständighet hos personer med demens, minskar omsorgsbördan och ökar känslan av kontroll hos anhöriga. Samtidigt kan vissa insatser upplevas som tidskrävande och tekniskt utmanande. Slutsats: Arbetsterapeutiska insatser har överlag en positiv inverkan på både personer med demens och deras anhöriga, särskilt när insatserna är individanpassade och sker i samverkan. Samtidigt kan insatserna upplevas som belastande, vilket betonar behovet av fortsatt stöd till anhöriga. Mer forskning behövs för att följa upp effekterna över tid och optimera stödet för både den demenssjuke och dennes närstående
Developmental Relationships Between Early Vocabulary Acquisition, Joint Attention and Parental Supportive Behaviors
No full textIn late infancy and early toddlerhood, joint attention ability is widely recognized as a crucial foundation for children's vocabulary development, though the exact nature of its contribution remains debated. This study investigates associations between joint attention and subsequent vocabulary development, as well as the possible moderating role of supportive parental behaviors. Seventy children and their families participated in this longitudinal study, which began when the children were 10 months of age. Parents completed the Swedish Communicative Development Inventory (CDI) at four age points (10, 12, 18, and 24 months) to assess receptive and expressive vocabulary growth. Children participated in lab-based assessment of joint attention abilities at 10, 12, and 18 months. Additionally, at 10 and 12 months, parent-child dyads participated in two semi-structured lab assessments to evaluate the quality of parental supportive behaviors during interactions with their child. Primary analysis showed no significant effects of joint attention on subsequent receptive and expressive vocabulary. However, a significant interaction was found between a child's ability to respond to joint attention cues and parental supportive behaviors on receptive vocabulary. These findings indicate that parental supportive behaviors play a crucial role in promoting the development of children's receptive vocabulary.The work was supported by grants awarded to LF by Riksbankens Jubileumsfond (P18‐0300:1) and Majblommans Riksförbund (2018‐projekt 7).</p
Analysing multimodal argumentation : Theoretical and methodological considerations
No full textThe chapter advocates for a multimodal understanding of argumentative communication, recognizing that verbal, visual and other semiotic modes all contribute to the expression of the core elements of the argument and to the understanding of the reasoning that connects them. It explores theoretical and methodological considerations related to three core questions that are common to the various approaches to the study of multimodal argumentation: the identification of arguments in multimodal communication, their reconstruction, and their evaluation. By discussing existing proposals and presenting analyses of examples of pictographs, photographs, and advertisements concerning plastic pollution, the chapter demonstrates how systematic attention to the semiotic properties of argumentative texts and their situational and institutional context enhances the interpretation and reconstruction as well as evaluation of multimodal argumentation, thereby improving the depth and quality of the argumentative analysis of communication
Activism of the oppressed : a literature study on digital activism in undemocratic countries
No full textIn a world marked by democratic decline, the aim of this paper is to summarize research on digital activism in undemocratic countries. We examine how the field of ICT4D can engage with digital activism research in such contexts by highlighting both the role of technology in enabling activism and the profiles of those conducting this research. Based on a scoping review, we find that the main enabler of technology use in undemocratic countries is its capacity to support on-the-ground organizing and to sustain network of activists together in a community. The major constraint, however, is government surveillance and censorship. We conclude by arguing that future studies should involve activists in both conducting and reflecting on the research, in order to generate meaningful and practice-oriented insights. Inspiration can be drawn from action-oriented and practitioner-focused methodologies, including—but not limited to—those used in information systems. Furthermore, future research should explore technological challenges in greater depth, particularly issues related to security and anonymity. Addressing these challenges requires the involvement of information systems researchers with expertise in security and privacy
Being ‘That Token Gay Guy’ : Experiencing Minority Stress in Swedish Workplaces
No full textEmployers in Sweden are mandated to take active measures to prevent discrimination against sexual minorities. While it is important that relevant measures are taken, knowledge is lacking about cisgender lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) people’s minority stress experiences at Swedish workplaces. The present work is based on a thematic analysis of interviews with 53 cisgender LGB participants, focusing on how they experienced and dealt with minority stress experiences at work. Results are drawing on the minority stress model and illustrate experiences of distal minority stress due to a heteronormative work climate. This distal stress led to proximal stressors, such as constantly being on guard. Participants took considerable responsibility for others’ feelings, felt a responsibility to educate on LGBTQ issues, and sometimes engaged in formal policy work to improve workplace conditions. The study points at the importance of shifting the burden of workplace minority stress from individual LGB people to employers.Minoritetsstress på jobbet: Arbetsplatsen som lindrande eller hindrande för hbtqi-personers psykiska hälsa och välmåend
PlanOwl : Automated PDDL Files Generation from OWLOntologies and Visual Language Models
No full textAutomated task planning traditionally relies on manually generated domain models, creating bottlenecks in scalability and requiring extensive domain expertise. This paper presents a novel framework to automate the process of generating Planning Domain Definition Language (PDDL) domains and problem files by integrating Web Ontology Language (OWL) ontologies with Visual Language Models (VLMs). Our approach leverages the rich semantic structure of OWL ontologies to systematically define domain classes, predicates, and actions, while VLMs ground abstract ontological concepts in concrete visual observations—automating the generation of instance‑specific planning problems. The proposed framework transforms ontological knowledge into PDDL domain files through a mapping algorithm that preserves semantic relationships and logical constraints. The VLM performs visual scene analysis to identify relevant objects, attributes, and spatial configurations for generating initial states, while natural language instructions are used to derive goal states.We evaluate the framework across multiple planning domains, demonstrating that it generates syntactically correct and semantically coherent PDDL domain and problem files directly from OWL ontologies, camera images, and natural language inputs. The resulting files are comparable in quality to those manually generated by planning experts and outperform previous automated systems in terms of semantic fidelity and adaptability
Obstacles to daily activities in adults with autism spectrum disorder : A qualitative literature review
No full textBakgrund: Vuxna med autismspektrumtillstånd (AST) kan uppleva hinder i vardagliga aktiviteter, vilket kan påverka deras självständighet, delaktighet och välbefinnande i arbete, fritid och sociala sammanhang. Tidigare forskning har undersökt svårigheter i vardagliga aktiviteter hos personer med AST, men fokus har i regel legat på unga. Däremot har vuxnas upplevelser av vad som utgör hinder i deras vardag inte studerats lika mycket. Syfte: Syftet med litteraturstudien är att identifiera hinder i utförandet av vardagliga aktiviteter hos vuxna personer med AST. Metod: Litteraturstudie med 11 kvalitativa studier som analyserats med induktiv innehållsanalys. Åldersgräns som uppsatsförfattarna utgick ifrån var 18–65. PEOmodellen var som stöd vid sökningen i databaserna. De databaser som användes var Cinahl med Full Text och Medline (EBSCO). Resultat: Studien visar att de hinder som uppstår kan delas in i individ- och omgivningsfaktorer. Individfaktorer innehåller sensoriska svårigheter, nedsatta exekutiva funktioner, känslomässiga reaktioner och hinder i socialt samspel. Omgivningsfaktorer innehåller bristande förståelse och negativa attityder, otydliga och föränderliga sociala regler och hinder i den fysiska miljön. Slutsats: Vuxna personer med AST upplever hinder som bildas i samspel mellan individen och miljöns förväntningar. Om miljön anpassas ökar därmed delaktigheten i aktiviteter, och därför har arbetsterapeuter en viktig roll i att möjliggöra förutsättningar för aktivitet
The control of time in teachers' work : How teachers co-construct narratives about their profession in social media groups
No full textThis paper explores how teachers in a Swedish teacher "rebellion" group on Facebook discuss institutional expectations related to the use of time in teachers' work. Drawing on a narrative research tradition, group discussions are analyzed as negotiations where teachers co-construct their own narratives about the teaching profession. In this endeavor, the analytical focus is turned towards how the teachers' discussions relate to notions of professional responsibility and accountability. The results highlight that the teachers emphasize a desire to be trusted, but also that they need to deserve such trust by acting responsibly towards the needs of the whole school. Group discussions on these matters illustrate a tension between teachers' individual autonomy and collective responsibility. While the teachers emphasize teaching-related duties as the core part of their work, their narratives about the professional teacher were constructed in argumentations where the room for discussing social and relational aspects of education was limited
Special issue introduction : education and the law: critical perspectives on juridification, education governance and social justice
No full textHow school leaders navigate neoliberal education reform : A scoping review
No full textThe aim with this scoping review is to provide an overview of research on school leaders’ responses to neoliberal education reform. The review offers insights into how macro-level policies translate into micro-level experiences. By mapping existing studies on school leaders’ lived experiences under neoliberal reforms, it provides valuable knowledge for policymakers, educational leaders, and researchers seeking to navigate and influence these ongoing transformations. This article employs a resistance theory perspective. I identified 21 articles that met all the inclusion criteria through the search. I undertook both a descriptive and a content analysis. The latter considers how school leaders navigate the reforms, and how they resisted them. The results show that resistance was manifested in terms such as speaking one’s mind, irony, simulation and compliance. These studies exemplify some of the problems associated with the ‘new professionalism’ fashioned by educational policy seeking to steer the work of schools in a competitive school marketplace. Overall, the review underscores the transformative nature of neoliberal reforms on education and the imperative for using resistance and power theories to both help shed light on the sometimes soul- altering changes these initiatives can achieve and point to possible counter-discourse and counter-conduct