Publikationer från Örebro universitet
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”En av oss - men ändå inte” : Diskriminerande diskurser mot kvinnor med invandrarbakgrund i arbetslivet
No full textThis study explores how women with immigrant backgrounds experience their work relationships and their position within Swedish workplaces. Using semi-structured interviews and critical discourse analysis, the study examines how gender and ethnicity intersect to shape women’s everyday work-life conditions. Drawing on Crenshaw’s theory of intersectionality and Foucault’s concept of power, the analysis highlights both structural and discursive mechanisms that influence how these women are perceived and evaluated. The results show that the women frequently encounter low expectations and stereotypical assumptions about immigrants, affecting how their competence is assessed. Many describe having to perform significantly better than their Swedish colleagues to receive equal recognition, as Swedishness functions as an implicit norm for professionalism. Participants also recount limited opportunities for advancement, with less experienced Swedish colleagues often being prioritized. To navigate these norms, several women adjust their language, behaviour, or even their names to appear “more Swedish”. The study shows that expressions of discrimination differ between sectors, in lower educated jobs it tends to be direct and explicit, while in higher educated professions it appears more subtly through assumptions about cultural fit. Overall, the study shows that the women’s work lives are shaped by complex power relations that restrict their participation and career development. The findings underline the need for further research on how organizations can challenge the norms that reproduce inequality.Denna studie undersöker hur kvinnor med invandrarbakgrund upplever sina arbetsrelationer och sin position på svenska arbetsplatser. Genom semistrukturerade intervjuer och kritisk diskursanalys analyserar studien hur kön och etnicitet samverkar i att forma kvinnornas arbetslivsvillkor. Teoretiskt utgår studien från Crenshaws intersektionalitet och Foucaults maktbegrepp för att synliggöra både strukturella och språkliga maktprocesser. Resultatet visar att kvinnorna ofta möter låga förväntningar och stereotypa föreställningar om invandrare, vilket påverkar hur deras kompetens bedöms. De beskriver att de måste prestera mer än sina svenska kollegor för att få samma erkännande och att svenskhet fungerar som en implicit norm för professionalitet. Flera berättar om begränsade möjligheter till avancemang, där svenska kollegor prioriteras trots mindre erfarenhet. För att hantera detta anpassar kvinnorna språk, beteende eller till och med namn för att framstå som mer ”svenska”. Studien visar att diskrimineringens uttryck varierar mellan yrkesgrupper, i lågutbildade yrken är den mer direkt, medan den i högutbildade yrken framträder genom subtila antaganden om kulturell passform. Sammantaget visar studien att kvinnors arbetsliv präglas av komplexa maktrelationer som minskar deras delaktighet och karriärmöjligheter. Studien lyfter behovet av fortsatt forskning om hur organisationer kan motverka de normer som reproducerar ojämlikhet
Label Ambiguity and Affective Priming : A Framework for Enhancing Emotion Recognition Models
No full textAffective computing is a multidisciplinary field where computer scientists, psychologists, and other experts collaborate to equip machines with the ability to recognize, interpret, process, and simulate human emotions. While various data modalities have been employed for emotion recognition, this thesis focuses concretely on physiological signals. Physiological responses are inherently less susceptible to deliberate manipulation compared to modalities such as facial expressions, speech, or text, thereby offering a more dependable basis for capturing authentic emotional states. Emotions are by nature ambiguous concepts, and there is still no consensus in the research community on the best way to define or categorize them. This lack of agreement poses a challenge for training machine learning (ML) models, as conventional methods typically assume that each sample is labeled with a single, unambiguous category. Furthermore, this ambiguity becomes more complex when emotional responses are influenced by prior experiences ,a phenomenon known as affective priming. For instance, the response to a happy stimulus may vary significantly depending on whether the subject was previously exposed to a stressful event. The challenges of label ambiguity and affective priming, despite their importance, have received limited attention in the literature. This thesis addresses these challenges as the two foundational pillars underlying its contributions. The aim is to develop an alternative methodology that explicitly accounts for label ambiguity and reduces the impact of affective priming during training ML models. To address these gaps, this thesis proposes a two-part solution: In real-world scenarios, a subject’s response to an emotional stimulus is often dominated by one primary emotion, but other emotional states may also be present to varying degrees. In such cases, the emotional reaction is better represented as a distribution of emotions rather than a single label. To address this, the thesis adopts Label Distribution Learning (LDL) as a framework for modeling label ambiguity during the learning process. Additionally, the sequentiality with which emotional stimuli are presented can be reflected in the collected data. Therefore, to quantify the influence of affective priming in datasets where emotions are induced sequentially, the thesis introduces the Affective Priming Score (APS), a data-driven method for estimating the degree of priming at the individual sample level. Finally, the proposed results for these challenges, LDL and APS, are integrated into a unified methodology that addresses both label ambiguity and affective priming. This approach leverages the APS value of each data point to guide the generation of label distributions, to optimize model training, and to calibrate model outputs during inference. Together, these contributions enable emotion recognition models that are more robust and reliable under real-world challenges, where ambiguity and sequential emotional influences are inherent
The educational value of pedagogical models in physical education : A didaktik perspective
No full textThe overall interest of this thesis is to contribute to knowledge about the educational value of pedagogical models in physical education (PE) from a didaktik perspective. The exploration comprises four papers, divided into two studies. The first study is a scoping review investigating various models and how teachers are positioned within this body of literature. The second study involves a pedagogical intervention where four teachers across five classes and 101 students enacted the practising model. This intervention integrates an Englishspeaking curriculum tradition (pedagogical models) with a Scandinavian/German didaktik tradition (Swedish PE). Practising as a phenomenon is also discussed from various perspectives, including a general didaktik perspective. A shared theme across all papers is scepticism towards considering models as a set of practices that can only be employed in a specific way. In this light, the didaktik perspective shows that models influence teaching identities in ways that may restrict pedagogical flexibility. Consequently, teachers must have autonomy over educational aspects such as content, teaching practices, and learning processes. However, the degree of freedom teachers should have becomes a core aspect of debate when traditions of curriculum and didaktik meet. Still, when viewing the potential of pedagogical models, these might be crucial to use if teachers are to move away from the dominant sport-based multi-activity approach, in which learning is not always foregrounded. Finally, several potential educational values are associated with enacting pedagogical models in PE; for example, enabling new pedagogical practices that emphasise learning by providing time and structured efforts. These pedagogical models also offer opportunities for Bildung for both students and teachers
Att vara fri på heltid : En kvalitativ analys om hur hemma-flickvän idealet framställs i den svenska TikTok-miljön
No full textThe aim of this study is to examine how the stay-at-home girlfriend ideal is represented on the social media platform Tiktok, within a contemporary Swedish context, and how these representations can be understood in relation to gender norms, relationship and power relations. The study focuses on how meaning is produced through language, visual elements and other semiotic resources, and discusses whether these representations contribute to reproduction and normalization of traditional gender roles and power structures. Our study adapts a qualitative approach and uses critical discourse analysis (CDA) in combination with multimodal critical discourse analysis (MCDA) to analyze a strategic selection of Tiktok videos. The analysis rests on Norman Fairclough´s three-dimensional model and incorporates a multimodal perspective to identify auditory features. Theoretical frameworks are based on Judith Butler´s theory of performativity and normativity, Rosalind Gill´s concept of postfeminist media culture and Stuart Hall´s theories of representation and hegemony. The findings show that the stay-at-home girlfriend ideal is constructed as a legitimate, desirable and self-chosen lifestyle, where economic dependence and traditional gender roles are reframed as safety, happiness and personal choice. At the same time these representations contribute to normalization of gendered and class-based power relations by reinforcing a traditional division of labor
Får man slå Tintomara? : Ett transfeministiskt perspektiv på Drottningens juvelsmycke och gestaltningen av karaktären Tintomara
No full textUppsatsen analyserar Carl Jonas Love Almqvists roman Drottningens juvelsmycke (1834) och dess gestaltning av karaktären Azouras Lazuli Tintomara ur ett transfeministiskt perspektiv. Studiens syfte är att bidra med kunskap kring hur transfemininitet kan tolkas i litteratur genom att undersöka hur karaktären Tintomaras könsuttryck framställs och bemöts i romanens text. Vidare avser studien undersöka hur Tintomaras roll i romanens intrig ter sig ur det transfeministiska perspektivet. Det som analysen visat är att Tintomara, trots att hen i texten aldrig bevisas tillhöra ett visst kön, kan tolkas som transfeminiserad på grund av andra karaktärers handlingar. I uppsatsens sista avsnitt diskuteras huruvida Drottningens juvelsmycke och transfeministisk teori kan användas i svenskundervisning på gymnasienivå med hänsyn till didaktiska utmaningar och möjligheter
Annihilation : En genrekritisk analys
No full textUppsatsen analyserar Jeff VanderMeers roman Annihilation (2024), ett mångfacetterat verk som undflyr enkel genrebestämning. Syftet med analysen är således att undersöka dess genretillhörighet och själva relevansen av genrebeteckningar. Uppsatsen utgår från Alastair Fowlers genreteori och fokuserar alltså på genrebegreppets identifierande och kommunicerande aspekter. Analysen visar att VanderMeer anva nder sig av generiska drag fra n science fiction, fantasy och skräck och att romanen därmed a r ett exempel pa en hybridiserad genretyp
Hur vuxna patienter med cancer upplevde denpalliativa vården på sjukhus
No full textBakgrund: Cancer är en av de främsta dödsorsakerna globalt och i Sverige drabbas cirka 60000 personer årligen av sjukdomen. Palliativ vård syftar till att erbjuda patienter i livets slutden bästa möjliga livskvaliteten. Den palliativa vården delas upp i två faser, en tidig och ensen fas. Den tidiga fasen med fokus på livsförlängande åtgärder och den sena på patientenslivskvalitet. Syfte: Hur vuxna patienter med cancer upplevde den palliativa vården i livets slutskede påsjukhus.Metod: En litteraturöversikt genomfördes där författarna sammanställt tidigare forskningfrån tio vetenskapliga artiklar för att besvara studiens syfte. Artiklarna söktes fram idatabaserna Cinahl och Psychinfo.Resultat: Litteraturstudiens resultat sammanställdes till tre huvudkategorier: patientenskänslomässiga upplevelse av palliativ vård, patientupplevelsen av kommunikation ochbemötande samt smärtlindring. Resultatet visade att patienterna upplevde den palliativavården på sjukhus som en omfattande och känslomässigt krävande process. Patienternasupplevelse påverkades av en mängd olika saker såsom bemötande, initial reaktion, känslor,smärtlindring och stöd från anhöriga.Slutsats: Slutsatsen av litteraturstudiens resultat visar att patienterna upplever den palliativavården positivt genom god kommunikation mellan patient, anhöriga och vårdpersonal samten genomgående god personcentrerad vård. Även negativa upplevelser belystes därpatienterna kände sig exluderade och att deras identitet blev sjukdomstillståndet
Gestaltande och upprätthållande av pedagogisk rytm på en tysk waldorfförskola : En etnografiskt inspirerad observationsstudie
No full textThe aim of this study is to gain more knowledge about how Waldorf teachers rhythmically structure their preschool practice. The ethnographically inspired observation study examines how the pedagogical rhythms of a German Waldorf preschool group are embodied in the preschool practise and how these pedagogical rhythms are maintained through music. The field study was conducted for a period of 13 days over four weeks, using participant observation. Henri Lefebvre’s definition and philosophy regarding the concept of rhythm have been used to examine and understand the rhythmical organization of the preschool group. The results show how the preschool group is organized based on a yearly, weekly and daily rhythm. The yearly rhythms are embodied in annual celebrations and characteristics of the environment, the weekly rhythms with weekly activities and food menu, whereas thedaily rhythms consist of recurring activities and routines. Regarding how the preschool teachers use music to maintain the rhythmic organization, three key themes have beenidentified: Music as a marker for the overall theme of the rhythms, Music as a marker for the beginning and end of the rhythms and Music as a marker for the transitions between the rhythms. The findings contribute to a broader understanding of how preschool practices can be structured
När alla vet bäst : En teoretisk studie av kunskap och kompetens i det demokratiska beslutsfattandet
No full textThis study examines what I have chosen to call the knowledge problem of democracy. It is a concept that captures the conflict between the idea that all citizens should have equal political influence and the fact that many people possess a very limited amount of knowledge about society and the complex issues that political decisions often concern. I use the work of Jason Brennan, Robert Dahl, Åsa Wikforss, and Hélène Landemore to distinguish four central dilemmas: whether citizens’ ignorance can justify their exclusion from political decision- making, whether it is possible to draw a fair boundary of competence, whether exclusion leads to better decisions, and whether it can be maintained that moral truths exist within politics. The study explores two different approaches to these questions – one that views broad democratic participation as risky and bound to fail, and another that defends the democratic principle of equality and sees the value of diversity in decision-making as crucial. In order to illustrate the rather complex theoretical arguments, these perspectives are also presented in a more accessible dialogical form, in which contemporary examples are discussed by fictional characters. The aim of the study is not to solve the knowledge problem of democracy, but to try to identify and draw attention to some of the approaches that exist within democratic theory. To achieve this, I introduce two concepts in order to clarify the terminology: legitimizing decision-making and operative decision-making. These are used to more easily distinguish where the conflicts in the knowledge problem of democracy arise
Läsning - Nytta eller nöje? : Ungdomars menings- och identitetsskapandei relation till läsning
No full textThe following study explores youths’ meaning- and identity-building processes in relation to reading, based on the theory of symbolic interactionism. The study was conducted in the fall of 2024 and the conclusions drawn are based on three focus-group interviews conducted with youths at a small, Swedish, municipal school. A perspective missing from public debate and previous research is giving young people themselves the opportunity to discuss how they view reading. To capture this, focus-groups were used as a method. The results show that young people's meaning- and identity-building processes in relation to reading were shaped by different contexts, experiences and social interactions. This led the youths to perceive reading as a utility rather than a pleasure, and they did not identify themselves as readers. In addition, the study shows that the youths are highly aware of the current debate concerning them, their reading habits and the benefits of reading. Despite this awareness, they did not find it motivating enough to read in their free time, and pressure from parents and teachers did not foster their interest in reading. Instead, it was the social aspects of reading that motivated them, or when the books aligned with their personal interests. The debate and future research should therefore focus on how reading can be made enjoyable instead of just useful. If youths’ meaning- and identity-building processes are not taken into account, the debate can contribute to a negative image of reading and important measures to encourage youths to read more may be missed.Följande studie behandlar ungdomars menings- och identitetsskapande processer i relation till läsning utifrån den symboliska interaktionismen. Studien genomfördes under hösten 2024 och slutsatserna som dras baseras på tre fokusgruppsintervjuer vilka genomfördes med ungdomar på en liten, svensk, kommunal skola. Ett perspektiv som saknas i samhällsdebatten och tidigare forskning är att ungdomarna själva får utrymme att diskutera hur de ser på läsning. För att fånga detta användes fokusgrupper som metod. I resultatet syntes det att ungdomarnas menings- och identitetsskapande processer i relation till läsning formades av olika kontexter, erfarenheter och sociala interaktioner. Detta medförde att ungdomarna förstod läsning som nytta och inte ett nöje samt att de inte identifierade sig själva som läsare. Utöver detta visar studien att ungdomar är högst medvetna om den aktuella debatten som rör dem, deras läsvanor och läsningens fördelar. Trots detta fann de inte det motiverande nog att läsa på fritiden och påtryckningar från föräldrar och lärare främjade inte deras läslust. Istället var det sociala aspekter av läsning som motiverade ungdomarna, eller när böckerna handlade om deras egna intressen. Debatten och framtida forskningen bör därför fokusera på hur läsning kan göras njutningsfullt istället för bara nyttigt. Om inte ungdomars menings- och identitetsskapande processer beaktas kan den aktuella debatten bidra till en negativ bild av läsning och viktiga åtgärder för att ungdomar ska läsa mer gås miste om