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History of local-self government
No full textPočetak lokalne i regionalne samouprave vidljiv je već u samim začecima nastanka hrvatske države. Može se reći da se lokalna i regionalna samouprava mijenjala s vremenom. Zakonom o područjima županija, gradova i općina, Republika Hrvatska je podijeljena na 20 županija.
Uspostava sadašnjeg sustava lokalne samouprave u Republici Hrvatskoj započela je 1992. godine postavljanjem temeljnog zakonodavnog okvira. Sustav je uspostavljeni 1993. godine, a oživotvoren je provedbom prvih lokalnih izbora. U Republici Hrvatskoj ustrojeno je ukupno 555 jedinica lokalne samouprave i to: 428 općina, 127 gradova, te 20 jedinica područne (regionalne) samouprave, odnosno županija. Grad Zagreb, kao glavni grad Republike Hrvatske, ima poseban status grada i županije, tako da je u Republici Hrvatskoj sveukupno 576 jedinica lokalne i regionalne samouprave.First local and regional self-government is seen at the early beginnings of Croatia. Local and regional self-government have many variations in past. In nerly past law about area of local units, towns and county share Croatia on 20 countys.
The establishment of the current system of local government in the Republic of Croatia started in 1992 by bringing the basic legislative framework. The system was established in 1993, and was implemented through the implementation of the first local elections. In Croatia there are a total of 555 local governments: 428 municipalities, 127 cities and 20 district (regional) governments, or counties. City of Zagreb as Croatian capital, has a special status of the city and county, so that in the Republic of Croatia there are total of 576 local and regional governments
Characteristics of the budget in Croatia
No full textU Hrvatskoj je donošenje državnog proračuna jedan od najvažnijih financijskih, ali i političkih događaja u godini. Ministar financija i njegov najuži tim suradnika ulažu velik napor u informiranje javnosti o proračunu kako bi svi građani bili upoznati s njegovim ciljevima, ali i o tome s koliko novca država raspolaže. Proračun služi kao instrument ekonomske politike kojim se utječe na ekonomsko stanje zemlje (ekonomski rast, zaposlenost, raspodjelu dohotka, potrošnju, štednju, inflaciju, itd.). U Republici Hrvatskoj postoje tri razine (vrste) proračuna: državni proračun, proračuni izvanproračunskih fondova te proračuni jedinica lokalne samouprave i uprave, a sva tri proračuna čine cjelinu - proračun opće države. Proračun opće države ne prolazi cijelu administrativnu proceduru kao državni proračun, ali je važan kao ukupni pokazatelj koliko je država prikupila prihoda i što je najvažnije kako ih je potrošila. Proračun se sastoji od općeg i posebnog dijela te plana razvojnih programa. Opći dio proračuna čini Račun prihoda i rashoda i Račun financiranja. Posebni dio proračuna sastoji se od plana rashoda i izdataka proračunskih korisnika raspoređenih u tekuće i razvojne programe za tekuću proračunsku godinu. Rebalans proračuna obuhvaća izmjenu proračunskih iznosa odnosno njihovo smanjenje/povećanje u odnosu prema planu proračuna donesenom na početku kalendarske godine.In Croatia, making the state budget is one of the most important financial but also political events of the year. The finance minister and his team of associates make a great effort to inform the public about the budget so that all citizens are familiar with its goals and how much money the state has. The budget continues to serve as an instrument of economic policy affecting the economic situation of the country (economic growth, employment, income distribution, consumption, savings, inflation, etc.). In the Croatia, there are three levels (types) of the budget: the state budget, the budgets of the extra-budgetary funds and the budgets of the local self-government units and the administration, and all three budgets are the whole - the general government budget. The general government budget does not go through the entire administrative procedure as a state budget, but it is important as an overall indicator of how much revenue the state has collected and, most importantly, how much it has spent. The budget consists of a general and a special part of this development program plan. The general part of the budget consists of Income and Expense Account and Invoice Account. A specific part of the budget consists of a plan of expenditures and expenditures of budget users allocated to current and development programs for the current budgetary year. The budget rebalance includes changing the budget amounts, in their reduction/increase in relation to the budget plan adopted at the beginning of the calendar year
The Life Cycle of the Organization on the Example of Agrokor
Get PDFModeli ţivotnog ciklusa organizacije temelje se na pretpostavci da je ţivi organizam (poduzeće, organizacija), kao i ljudi, otvoreni sustav koji je pod utjecajem vremena i ostalih sustava u okolini. Iz toga proizlazi da svaka organizacija ima svoj nastanak, rast (pad) te starenje. Elementi kroz koje se prati razvoj poduzeća mogu biti: starost, veliĉina organizacije, stanje evolucije i revolucije, te stopa rasta gospodarske grane kojoj pripada organizacija. Svaka organizacija u svom ţivotnom ciklusu nastaje kroz poduzetniĉku ideju. Osnivanjem i razradom poduzetniĉke ideje se organizacija raĊa, širenjem poslovanja raste, odnosno ţivi, a nepravodobnim rješavanjem problema ulazi u krizu te se na kraju gasi, tj. umire ili odlazi u steĉaj. Za organizacije su opasniji prelasci u više faze jer izazivaju velike probleme unutar nje. S pristupa uprave, vrlo je teško voditi poduzeće kroz sve faze njegovog rasta i razvoja. Drugim rijeĉima, samo u rijetkim sluĉajevima ista uprava uspijeva voditi poduzeće kroz njegov razvoj, a da ne doĊe u ozbiljnu krizu. Ulazak u novu fazu rasta obiĉno je ulazak u krizu upravljanja koju treba na vrijeme primijetiti. Tema ovog rada su poznati modeli ţivotnog ciklusa koji su objašnjeni kroz pojedine njihove faze, a kao primjer uzet je koncern Agrokor, s obzirom da se radi o trţišnom lideru kod kojeg je zbog loših poteza u poslovanju došlo do krizne situacije, kao i preuzimanja voĊenja koncerna od strane izvanredne upraveThe life cycle models of an organization are based on the assumption that a living organism (enterprise, organization) as well as humans is an open system influenced by time and other systems in the environment. It follows that each organization has its own emergence, growth (decline) and aging. The elements that follow the development of a company can be: age, organization size, state of evolution and revolution, and the rate of growth of the business branch to which the organization belongs. Every organization in their life cycle is born through an entrepreneurial idea. By creating and developing an entrepreneurial idea, the organization is born, by expanding its business, it grows and lives, and with untimely problem solving, the problem enters the crisis and eventually disappears, ie it dies or goes bankrupt. Organizations are more dangerous to switch to multiple phases because they cause great problems within it. With access to management, it is very difficult to lead the company through all stages of its growth and development. In other words, only in rare cases the same management manages to run the enterprise through its development, not to come to a serious crisis. Entering a new phase of growth is usually an entry into the management crisis that needs to be noticeable in time. The topic of this paper is known life cycle models explained through their particular phases, and as an example, the Agrokor Group was taken into account, since it is a market leader who has experienced a crisis situation due to bad business moves as well as taking over the management of the company by the extraordinary administration
Election campaign
Get PDFCilj je ovog završnog rada prikazati strukturu izbornih kampanja i svih njenih relevantnih elemenata zahvaljujući kojima je izbornoj kampanji pridodan moćan epitet najsnažnijeg oružja u političkoj sferi demokratskih država. Tako je autorica prvenstveno pokušala prikazati snažan utjecaj medija i informacija na građane. Nadalje je dan kratak prikaz i objašnjenje relevantnih pojmova izbornog rječnika, a koji su ujedno i svojevrsni instrumenti izborne kampanje. U radu je također posebno obrađeno pitanje financiranja izbornih kampanja, od privatnog i javnog financiranja do pomoći putem dotacija i slično. U posljednjem dijelu rada prezentiran je zakonodavni okvir Republike Hrvatske i Sjedinjenih Američkih Država u pogledu financiranja izbornih kampanja i političkih stranaka.The aim of this final work is to outline the structure of election campaigns and all its relevant elements, thanks to which to the election campaign is added a powerful epithet of the strongest weapon in the political sphere of democratic states. The author primarily tried to show the strong influence of the media and information on citizens Furthermore are shown and defined the relevant electoral terms, who are also some sort of instruments of the election campaign. Also are shown an special topics related to the financing of election campaigns, all over from the private and public financing to the using some different institutes, such as donations. In the last part of the paper, regarding to the financing of election campaigns, author presented an legislative framework of the Republic of Croatia and the United States of America
Researching of Market in Tourism of the Public Institute of National Park Plitvice Lakes
Get PDFPojam masovnog turizma veţe se uobičajeno za velik broj unaprijed isplaniranih i unificiranih paket-putovanja u organizaciji turističkih agencija. Većinom se putuje na glavni godišnji odmor i to ljeti, a na Mukinjama je popularan i skijaški zimski odmor, kao protuteţa ljetnom odmoru s razgledanjem ljepota ličkog krajolika. Za prihvat turista na Plitvicama izgraĎeni su veliki hoteli i kampovi, kao i privatni apartmani koji kvalitetom usluge i visokostručnim osobljem zadovoljavaju očekivanja inozemnih turista. Masovni turizam u Nacionalnom parku “Plitvička jezera“ potaknuo je razvoj u nerazvijenoj Lici, koja osim prirodnih ljepota nema drugih razvojnih mogućnosti, te je podigao standard nudeći domicilnom stanovništvu kojima je to jedini put i mogućnost za zapošljavanje. Masovni turizam uzrokuje, osim povoljnih i nepovoljne učinke koji se prepoznaju u narušavanju izvorne ljepote mjesta, zagaĎivanju okoliša zbog prekomjerne izgradnje i posjećenosti te mnogim drugim učincima. Iz tih razloga, postoji mogućnost da se odredi maksimalna kvota posjetitelja na Plitvicama, kako bi se spriječilo narušavanje ekološkog sklada, bez obzira na smanjeni ekonomski priljev. Turistička ponuda Javne ustanove Nacionalni park „Plitvička jezera“ nastoji predvidjeti moguće promjene u turističkoj potraţnji i u skladu s njima prilagoĎavati svoj proizvod i usluge kako bi uspješno konkurirala na turističkom trţištu. Turistima koji sve više uţivaju u aktivnom odmoru nastoji se osigurati što više različitih sadrţaja koji su oblikovani prema njihovim zahtjevima, a pri tome lička destinacija nastoji sačuvati svoj izvorni kolorit kako bi se razlikovala od drugih. Turist se u svoju domovinu ne ţeli vratiti samo odmoren, nego i duhovno obogaćen. Znatno informiraniji, nego u prethodnim razdobljima, današnji turist ispituje različite mogućnosti te odabire onu koja mu pruţa zadovoljavajući odnos pruţene vrijednosti i izdanog novca.The concept of massive tourism is commonly associated with a large number of pre-planned and unified package travels organized by tourist agencies. People mostly travels to the main vacation in the summer, and on Mukinjama is popular winter skiing holiday, as opposed to summer vacation with a glimpse of the beauty of the Lika Landscape. To accommodate tourists in Plitvice, large hotels and camps, as well as private apartments have been built which provides quality services and high-quality staff who pleased the expectations of foreign tourists. Massive tourism in the Plitvice Lakes National Park encouraged the development of the underdeveloped Lika, which, in addition to natural beauty, has no other developmental potential, and has raised the standard by offering the domicile population with the only opportunity and opportunity to recruit. Massive tourism causes, in addition to the adverse and adverse effects that are recognized in the disruption of the original beauty of the site, pollution of the environment due to excessive construction and accessibility and many other effects. For these reasons, there is a possibility to determine the maximum quota of visitors to Plitvice to prevent disturbance of the ecological harm, regardless of the reduced economic inflow. Tourist offer of public institutions The Plitvice Lakes National Park strives to anticipate possible changes in tourist demand and accordingly adjust their product and services to successfully compete in the tourist market. Tourists who are increasingly enjoying active holidays are striving to provide as many different content as they are designed to meet their requirements, and the Lika destination seeks to preserve its original color in order to distinguish it from others. The tourist does not want to return to his homeland only restored but spiritual enrichment. Much more informative than in previous periods, today's tourist examines various options and chooses the one that provides him with a satisfactory relationship between the value of the money and the money he has released
The Possibility of Road Network Development in Lika-Senj County
Get PDFZbog povoljnog geoprometnog položaja je potrebno cestovnu mrežu Ličko-senjske županije još bolje povezati s cestovnom mrežom ostatka Hrvatske, te unaprijediti postojeću cestovnu mrežu unutar same županije kako bi dobila još veće značenje unutar Republike Hrvatske, a i izvan nje. Tema rada je Mogućnost razvitka cestovne mreže Ličko-senjske županije, stoga je na temelju analiza prikazano postojeće stanje državnih, županijskih i lokalnih cesta Ličko-senjske županije. Nadalje na temelju prikazanih podataka o postojećem stanju cestovne mreže istaknuti su nedostaci, te je dan prijedlog razvitka cestovne mreže Županije, odnosno mogućnosti razvitka cestovne mreže kroz prijedloge izgradnje novih prometnica i poboljšanje već postojećih cestovnih prometnica.Due to a favorable geographical position of the Lika – Senj County road network, it is necessary to improve its connection with all the other road networks all over Croatia. Furthermore, it is crucial to improve the existing road network in the County itself in order to increase its importance not only within the Republic of Croatia, but also abroad. The main topic of this paper is the possibility of road network development in Lika – Senj County, therefore, based on analysis, it shows the current condition of state, county and local roads. Moreover, some defects are pointed out on the basis of the data presented on the current state of the road network. There is also a proposal for the development of the road network of the County, in other words, the possibilities of road network development through the propositions of building new roads and improving the existing ones
The financial plan of the public institution retirement home of Ličko-senjska county
Get PDFTema ovog rada je Financijski plan javne ustanove Doma za starije i nemoćne osobe Ličko – senjske županije. Za razradu ove teme odlučila sam se iz razloga što sam zaposlenica ustanove Doma za starije i nemoćne osobe Ličko – senjske županije i zbog toga što su javne ustanove važne za trajno obavljanje djelatnosti poput školstva, zdravstva, socijalne skrbi a tu djelatnost ne obavljaju radi stjecanja dobiti.
Cilj završnog rada je, razraditi pojmove koji se odnose na financijski plan javne ustanove Doma za starije i nemoćne osobe Ličko – senjske županije s njenim prihodima i rashodima.
U ovom završnom radu napraviti ću razradu prihoda i rashoda po računima i objasniti postupak donošenja plana i njegova izvršenja.The topic of this graduate thesis is the financial plan of the public institution-A Retirement home of Ličko-Senjska county. For the elaboration of this topic I have decided as an employee of the mentioned institution and because of the reason that the public institutions are important for constant performance of the activities such in School system, Health care, Social care and their activities aren't in making profit.
The aim of my final thesis is to elaborate terms regarding financial plan of the Retirement home-a public institution in Ličko-Senjska county, with its incomes and expenses.
In this graduate thesis I'm going to make an elaboration of incomes and expenses by accounts and explain the procedure of bringing plan and its execution
Analysis of the Number of Traffic Accidents in the Republic of Croatia
Get PDFSvakodnevno na cestama dolazi do prometnih nesreća u kojima sudionici u prometu trpe više ili manje štetne posljedice. Naţalost, sigurnosti prometa na cestama paţnja se poklanja tek nakon prometnih nesreća, a preventivne i represivne mjere samo na kraće razdoblje donose rezultate.Glavna obiljeţja proteklog desetljeća na području sigurnosti cestovnog prometa su povećanje broja prometnih nesreća i ozlijeĎenih sudionika u prometu dok je broj poginulih u padu. MeĎutim, unatoč smanjenju najteţih posljedica prometnih nesreća, povećanja djelovanja policije i podizanju svijesti graĎana o problemu sigurnosti u prometu, broj prometnih nesreća i poginulih na cestama i dalje je previsok.Iako je broj poginulih na cestama Europske unije u 2015. godini porastao za 0.5% u odnosu na 2014. godinu, taj se broj u odnosu na prije 20 godina znatno smanjio. U cestovnom je prometu na području Europske unije ţivot izgubilo 26100 osoba, dok je ta brojka 1995. godine bila 64000 što je smanjenje od 59,2%. U ovom radu će se na temelju povijesnih podataka analiziratiglavni uzroci prometnih nesreća te statističkom analizom broja prometnih nesreća prikazati trenutno stanje u Republici Hrvatskoj, te posebna analiza za Ličko-senjsku ţupaniju. Na kraju rada dana je usporedba sa stanjem u Europskoj uniji.Everyday on the roads there are traffic accidents where traffic participants suffer more or less harmful consequences. Unfortunately, road traffic safety is only paid attention after traffic accidents, and preventive and repressive measures only bring the results to a shorter period.The main features of the past decade in the area of road transport safety are the increase in the number of traffic accidents and injured traffic participants while the number of deaths is declining. However, despite the decreasing of the most serious consequences of traffic accidents, increasing police actions and raising public awareness of traffic safety issues, the number of traffic accidents and road deaths is still too high. Although the number of deaths on EU roads increased by 0.5% in 2015 compared to 2014, this number has declined considerably compared to 20 years ago. In road traffic in the EU, 26100 people lose their lives, while that figure in 1995 was 64000, which is a a decrease of 59.2%. In this paper, based on historical data, the main causes of traffic accidents will be analyzed and statistical analysis of the number of traffic accidents will be implemented to show the current situation in the Republic of Croatiaand statistical analysis for Lika-senj county. At the end of the work, a comparison with the situation in the European Union is given
Fiscal federalism in the Republic of Croatia
Get PDFPojam fiskalnog federalizma tiče se odnosa u federativno uređenoj državi između različitih razina njene organiziranosti u vezi s raspodjelom fiskalnih prihoda. Koje izvore fiskalnih prihoda, u kom obujmu i na koji način raspodijeliti između federacije, federalnih jedinica i lokalnih jedinica problemi su s kojima se stalno nose sve federativno uređene države. Međutim, sa sličnim problemima susreću se i države koje nemaju federativno uređenje, ali imaju razvijen sustav regionalne i lokalne samouprave zbog visoke razine decentralizacije javnih funkcija. Zbog toga, pojam fiskalnog federalizma, shvaćen u širem smislu obuhvaća odnose uopće, između centralne vlasti i regionalnih i lokalnih kolektiviteta. Fiskalni federalizam se definira kao odnos nositelja fiskalne vlasti unutar fiskalnog sustava. Konkretnije, fiskalni federalizam je fiskalni sustav u federalno uređenim državama, iako on može postojati i u unitarnim državama ako postoji više od jednog nositelja fiskalne vlasti. Fiskalni federalizam obuhvaća odnose između viših i nižih političko-teritorijalnih jedinica u svezi s ovlaštenjima za ustanovljavanje i uvođenje određenih vrsta i javnih prihoda kojima se pokrivaju njihovi rashodi.The notion of fiscal federalism is concerned with the relationship between the federated state of the state between the different levels of its organization regarding the distribution of fiscal projections. What sources of fiscal revenue, in what volume and how to distribute federal, federal, and local units, are the problems that are always borne by all federally regulated states. However, similar problems are also encountered by countries that have no federal arrangement but have developed regional and local self-government system due to the high level of decentralization of public functions. For this reason, the notion of fiscal federalism, understood broadly, embraces relations, at all, between central government and regional and local collectivities. Fiscal federalism is defined as the ratio of the fiscal authority within the fiscal system. More specifically, fiscal federalism is a fiscal system in federally regulated states, though it may also exist in unitary states if there are more than one fiscal authority. Fiscal federalism includes relations between higher and lower politicalterritorial units in relation to authorizations for establishing and introducing certain types and public revenues covering their expenditures
Utjecaj sustavnog održavanja na efektivnost vozila
Get PDFU današnje vrijeme, posjedovanje vozila više nije luksuz nego potreba, što se moţe vidjeti iz podataka o broju registriranih vozila, kako na drţavnoj tako i globalnoj razini, a osim za vlastite potrebe vozila se koriste i za rad u sve većem broju, bilo to za neki specifičan rad, kao npr. prijevoz tekućih tvari ili za prijevoz tereta. Svako vozilo ima svoju učinkovitost, isplativost, vijek trajanja i druge karakteristike. Svakom vlasniku vozila cilj je maksimalno iskorištavanje vozila, tj. koristiti ga što duţe uz što manje kvarove, otkaze i troškove. Upravo tu svoju ulogu nalazi odrţavanje vozila. Odrţavanje vozila je proces kojim se postiţe produljenje vijeka trajanja vozila i smanjenje troškova uzrokovanih kvarovima, uz uvjet kvalitetnog organiziranja odrţavanja. Postoje razni programi odrţavanja, neki su planirani i organizirani na razini poduzeća koja svoj rad obavlja vozilima, a neki su čak i obvezni zakonom, kao npr. tehnički pregled vozila.In modern times, owning a vehicle is not a luxury, it is necessity, what can be seen from dana about a number of registered vehicles, both on global and state level. In addition vehicles, apart from being used for personal needs, are beeing more and more used for work purposes, either for specific tasks like transport of liquid substances or simple cargo transport. Every vehicle has its effectiveness, profitability, life cycle and other characteristics. A goal for every vehicle owner is maximum exploitation of a vehicle, in other words, longer use with less failures, and costs. That is where systematic maintenance finds its purpose. Vehicle maintenance is a proces whose goal is extension of a vehicle life cycle and reducing costs caused by failures with the condition of quality maintenance. There are different maintenance programes, some are planned and organised by the company which is using the vehicles for task completion and some are required by the law like tehnical inspection