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Ocean acidification
Get PDFCarbon dioxide CO2 emissions, resulting from the combustion of fossil fuels by human activity, reinforce the greenhouse effect and cause climate disruption. While public awareness of this global problem is growing, ocean acidification, described as “the other CO2 problem”, is still considerably unknown. In this book, the authors answer ten key questions on the biogeochemical basis of acidification, on past, current and future trends, on the impact on marine organisms and humans, and finally on remediation measures. It draws its answers from fields as diverse as biogeochemistry, ecology, physiology, evolution, aquaculture and fisheries, economics and sociology This book is available in French: https://www.quae.com/produit/1829/9782759237821/l-acidification-des-ocean
Civil Society and Intergovernmental Negotiations at the United Nations
Get PDFEPDF and EPUB available open access under CC-BY-NC-ND licence. Civil society organizations (CSOs) and non-governmental organizations have increased at the United Nations (UN) since the 1990s. Yet few studies discuss the notion of inclusion and what it entails in intergovernmental negotiations. This book delves into the UN’s relationship with CSOs, exploring who participates in negotiations and how their input is integrated into ratified documents. Drawing on ethnographic research, the author uncovers the complexities of accreditation, participation, and the interpretation of CSOs’ contributions. Offering a sociological analysis, she highlights the increased exclusion of CSOs despite their apparent inclusion in institutions of global governance unbounded to public accountability. Leah R. Kimber examines the practices of exclusion CSOs are subjected to in UN negotiations by opening the machinery of intergovernmental negotiations in light of the UN’s future and legitimacy
Redefining Reparations
No full textThis edited volume offers a new interpretation of the historically momentous 1952 Wassenaar negotiations between representatives of the Federal Republic of Germany, Israel, and the Jewish Claims Conference to negotiate reparations, compensation, and restitution in the aftermath of the Holocaust.
Wassenaar 1952 marked the first time that reparations were the subject of negotiations between representatives of victims and perpetrators following mass human rights violations and genocide. The reparations program that Germany established after the Holocaust eventually became a point of reference for many calling for reparations to deal with the aftermath of other atrocities – from colonialism to slavery – in contexts as diverse as Namibia, the United States, and beyond. Combining perspectives from history, anthropology, international relations, and transitional justice, this volume reassesses the course and global legacy of these negotiations.
The book’s holistic and nuanced intervention in the study of the politics of repair makes it essential reading for students of history, law, transitional justice, and political science interested in the complex topic of reparations
The International Politics of Migration
Get PDFThis open access book discusses the impact of cross-border migration on the relationships between sovereign states. While there is already a vast amount of literature on immigration, it often focuses on issues such as human rights, citizenship, and social integration, reflecting the contemporary interests of Western countries. However, as long as the most fundamental norm of international politics remains the mutual recognition of exclusive jurisdictional rights over territory by sovereign states, people crossing borders pose various challenges to this system of sovereign states. It is this awareness of the issue that makes this book unique. This book examines the implications of the movement of people across national borders both for the state and for international politics. From the standpoint of international politics, the focus of the examination is the international political meaning of the transnational phenomenon of the movement of people. This is an interest that extends from the study of international political economy, which questions the significance for international politics of the transnational phenomena of international trade and international finance
Water – Handbook of the Anthropocene in Latin America IV
Get PDFConflicts and struggles like urbanization processes and the productive use of water have impacted the relationship of Latin American and Caribbean societies with water for centuries. This volume of the Handbook »The Anthropocene as Multiple Crisis« focuses on water in the main macro-regions of Latin America from the colonial regime to the contemporary era of the Anthropocene. The contributions enrich contemporary debates surrounding the genealogy of the Anthropocene in Latin America with critical perspectives from the social sciences and the humanities
Rights in Criminal Law
Get PDFThis open access collection of 17 original essays is the first volume to provide an in-depth exploration of the potential of a rights-based approach to criminal law. The book presents a comprehensive treatment of the role of rights in criminal law, ranging from a conceptual analysis and questions of justified criminalisation, to specific legal implications for substantive criminal law and criminal procedure. The collection addresses the academic and practical questions that are related to individual entitlements protected by criminal law, including: - Who currently holds and who should hold a right not to be wronged by others? - Is it a violation of individual rights, rather than the infliction of harm, that constitutes a reason for criminalisation? - Does the idea of criminal law as regulating interpersonal legal relations contradict its public character? Furthermore, the collection provides a theoretical framework for the study of consent and sexual offences, investigates the background of ideas of restorative justice, and explores both the victim’s and the offender’s rights in prosecution and trial. The ebook editions of this book are available open access under a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licence on bloomsburycollections.com
Theater, War, and Memory in Crisis
Get PDFTheater, War, and Memory in Crisis explores how French and Algerian dramatists have engaged with two traumatic events that continue to haunt France: the German occupation and Vichy government from 1940 to 1944 and the Algerian War from 1954 to 1962. John Ireland’s investigation is guided by one central question: can theater take on issues of violence, war trauma, and conflicted memory in a fundamentally different way from archival forms of culture such as memoirs, narrative fiction, and film? Throughout the twentieth century, French cultural anthropologists, classicists, and social scientists repeatedly revisited links between archaic religious ritual, the practice of sacrifice, and Greek tragedy as attempts to understand, regulate, and mitigate the violence of human conflict and war. Ireland argues that contemporary French playwrights dealing with war trauma and contested memory were influenced by aspects of this research that foregrounded the core virtues of oral culture: presence and the present, the “here and now” that also regulate theatrical performance. That connection to the present encouraged dramatists and performance artists to make “live” historiographical contributions to reverberating, unresolved history but also revived perennial therapeutic values of oral culture that evolved in ancient Greece. Theater, War, and Memory in Crisis brings original readings of canonical authors like Jean-Paul Sartre, Jean Genet, Bernard-Marie Koltès, and Kateb Yacine into dialogue with non-canonical dramatists such as Armand Gatti, Liliane Atlan, and Noureddine Aba
Living with the Dead
No full textThe dead are everywhere in family life. From a great-grandmother’s recipe made time and again, to a dog-eared black-and-white photo of a family on a beach, and from a carefully curated family bible to a much-told story of a family fleeing their home many decades ago, families are made by their pasts. This book examines the relationship between the living and the dead within family life, charting the way families create afterlives for their ancestors. It asks who and what gets to be remembered, and why. Considering different points of connection with the dead in each chapter—through graves, homes, things, photos, writing, research, and stories—this book shows how death and the dead remain a crucial presence within family life. Through an innovative methodology of collaborative critical family history, Living with the Dead features interviews, personal archives, and the results of a collaboration with fifteen family historians, including the author’s own family. What results is a unique way of getting inside families in the past, of charting not only how families have remembered their dead and passed on their histories over time, but the mechanisms of how histories are constructed and shared. Living with the Dead reveals how crucial the dead and stories of them are within families, and provides new ways for historians to unpick the way history is intimately made
Participatory Artificial Intelligence in Public Social Services
Get PDFThis open access edited volume focuses on fairness issues concerning the use of artificial intelligence (AI) for social service provision in national welfare systems. With this, it touches upon important questions in the innovation agenda of countries across continents about the ethics, justice, quality, responsibility, accountability, and transparency to use AI for state functions. The volume shows that in many countries, AI, or at least data analytics methods, are already in place to support the assessment of beneficiaries for deciding on the value criteria to distinguish between legal /fraudulent, deserving/non-deserving, or needy/non-needy recipients. The book provides a cross-cultural comparison of AI-based social assessment among national welfare systems of 9 countries across 4 continents: Spain, Estonia, Germany, Iran, India, Nigeria, Ukraine, China and USA. Based on participatory research results from multi-stakeholder inputs, especially those from vulnerable groups, the chapters in this volume show that value criteria for fairness and social justice are context-bound and vary across the globe. Furthermore, they are in constant flux, aligned to social change. Thus, the volume looks at pathways to developing culture-sensitive, responsive and participatory AI for social assessment in public service provision. The contributions are interdisciplinary and introduce perspectives from the fields of sociology, computational social science, computer science and public policy. This topical volume is of interest to a wide readership
Revisiting Childhood Resilience Through Marginalised and Displaced Voices
No full textDespite many decades of research into childhood resilience, it remains a contentious area with much still left to be resolved. Key terms are poorly defined, positioning marginalised and displaced children as objects rather than co-producers of knowledge. Research and practice frame resilience through individualised models of health and abnormality. These models emphasise individual responsibility over systemic oppression, ignoring personal marginalised voices and experiences, and the contribution of appropriate needs-based assistance. Resilience needs rethinking.
Revisiting Childhood Resilience Through Marginalised and Displaced Voices uses an interdisciplinary approach to challenge current childhood resilience research and practice. The culmination of ten years of research and publications around childhood resilience, the book draws upon data collected from and co-produced with children, young people and adults from marginalised, disadvantaged and displaced communities. In so doing, it highlights the transformative potential of stories told by marginalised and displaced children, past and present. When these narratives are prioritised, they disrupt, counter and draw critical attention to coping strategies in light of adversity and oppression, to inform creative research and policymaking. Centralising the voices of care leavers, young people who are bullied, members from minority ethnic communities and former migrants/refugees, among others, Wendy Sims-Schouten shines a light on 150 years of marginalised voices and experiences in relation to resilience.
Praise for Revisiting Childhood Resilience Through Marginalised and Displaced Voices
‘This thought-provoking book revisits the concept of resilience through close interpretation of the moving stories told by marginalised children and adults across time, shining new light on the rebellious, resistant ones, so often dismissed as ‘dangerous’ or ‘deviant’. A must-read!’
Helen Cowie, University of Surrey
‘Listening to the stories of marginalised people empowers their voices and gives a very rich, multifaceted and critically innovative perspective which can reshape how we understand oppression and exclusion. Especially, this liberating book shows how conventional discussions of individual resilience can obscure the social and cultural processes we need to understand.’
Helen Haste, University of Bath
‘Adopting an intriguing and eclectic perspective of resilience in understudied samples, this is a rare book that challenges the status quo. A must read for anyone seeking to gain unique insight into the concept of resilience.’
Nora Wiium, University of Berge