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Journal of Samuel Maclay
Full text linkThe Journal of Samuel Maclay is one man’s account of a 1790 surveying expedition, commissioned by the Supreme Executive Council of Pennsylvania, to explore the newly purchased land in northwestern Pennsylvania, including the headwaters of the west branch of the Susquehanna, the Sinnemahoning, and the Allegheny Rivers. The journal, published in 1887 with ample historical annotations by John F. Meginness, provides a richly detailed record of Maclay’s travels in the “New Purchase” over five months, ending along the Juniata River in the Kishacoquillas Valley. It preserves both the physical landscape and the cultural milieu of the state between the American Revolution and the turn of the century, as seen through the eyes of an observant surveyor. Day-to-day details of dining and travel, as well as Maclay’s personal interjections, help establish the greater historical and cultural context of this pivotal era in Pennsylvania’s expansion
Chapter 14 Artificial intelligence in the European Union
No full textIn the context of recent advances in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and launch of AI policy documents and ethics guidelines around the world, since 2017, the European Union (EU) is developing its approach to AI. This chapter examines the key EU AI policy documents and the way the EU is positioning its AI policy vis-à-vis other global players. It draws on ‘Europe as a power’ debate and in particular on the concepts of Normative Power Europe and Market Power Europe to examine if in its approach to AI the EU prioritizes its norms or rather its market power. In the EU policy documents the elements of both normative and market power are closely intertwined. The EU attempts to project itself globally as a Normative Power Europe promoting its value-based and human-centric approach based and ethics guidelines for Trustworthy AI. These are closely connected with the EU’s ambitions to be a Market Power with appropriate regulation and investments which could also support implementation of its values and norms