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    562 research outputs found

    Discourse markers in corporate disclosures on climate change by The Bank of England: A quantitative analysis

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    The issue of climate change is one of the fundamental problems that the humanity faces and needs to overcome (Gjerstad & Fløttum, 2021; Kapranov, 2022). One of the ways of overcoming the negative consequences of climate change is to inform the public at large and other relevant stakeholders of the measures to mitigate it. In this regard, it should be observed that financial institutions and, in particular, The Bank of England, which is considered a leading financial institution worldwide, inform their stakeholders of the measures they undertake in climate change mitigation and/or amelioration. Importantly, however, it is pivotal to examine what financial institutions do in order to mitigate the current climate crisis and how they communicate their climate change-related activities to the stakeholders. In this light, the article presents a quantitative study whose purpose is to identify and quantify the most frequent discourse markers (further – DMs) in corporate disclosures on the issue of climate change published by The Bank of England. To that end, the study employs a quantitative methodology of the frequency analysis afforded by the computer program AntConc (Anthony, 2022). The program is applied to a corpus of The Bank of England’s climate change disclosures published from 2020 to 2024 in order to calculate the frequency of the occurrence of DMs. In addition, the data garnered by AntConc (Anthony, 2022) are processed in Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 (IMB, 2011) in order to calculate means and standard deviations of the DMs under consideration. The results of the quantitative analysis show that the most frequent DMs in the corpus are and, as, and such. The results are further interpreted in the study through the prism of the approach to DMs formulated by Fraser (2015), who considers the following three types of DMs, namely (І) contrastive, (ІІ) implicative, and (ІІІ) elaborative. Informed by Fraser’s (2015) classification of DMs, the results of the study indicate that the types of elaborative and implicative DMs occur frequently, whilst the occurrence of the contrastive DMs is infrequent in the corpus. These findings are interpreted in the study as a pragmatic strategy of The Bank of England that consists in clarifying, commenting, and specifying climate-change related content, as well as providing indirect information about it rather than communicating climate change-related issues by means of referring to contrastive discursive devices, such as the contrastive DMs (for instance, but, however, yet, etc.). The novelty of the study consists in investigating an under-researched phenomenon of the frequency of DMs in climate change disclosures by The Bank of England. The relevance of the study is as follows. The issue of climate change poses innumerable challenges that are experienced by ordinary people as well as corporate actors (Kapranov, 2022, 2023) and the way The Bank of England reacts to this issue linguistically and discursively, inclusive of the use of DMs, provides an example of how climate change can be addressed by the leading financial institutions. The results of the present study, therefore, can serve as a direction for future research into the best practices of climate change communication by Anglophone corporate and financial actors.Дискурсивні маркери в корпоративних звітах про зміну клімату Банку Англії: кількісний аналізacceptedVersio

    "Det traff meg" – om studenters møte med kunstuttrykk som invitasjon til pedagogisk refleksjon

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    Kapittelet presenterer og drøfter hvordan studenter gjør ulike erfaringer gjennom et møte med kunstuttrykk som en invitasjon til pedagogisk refleksjon. Datamaterialet viser at møtet kan være avhengig av forhold som: mental innstilling hos betrakter, opplæring i estetiske læringsprosesser og av en viss grad av profesjonell erfaring og modning. Bruken av kunstuttrykk introdusert i lærerutdanningen kan bli gode estetiske læringsprosesser, som fører til profesjonell utvikling, og som kan bli en læringsvei som studentene kan ta med seg inn i yrket.publishedVersio

    Danning under tilslørt press: fra erfarende samhandling til instrumentell problemløsning

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    Den nye norske læreplanen, kalt Kunnskapsløftet (LK20), ser ut til å gi danning en viktigere plass enn tidligere læreplaner. I dette kapittelet argumenteres det for at danningsbegrepet i LK20 er definert av et konkurrerende instrumentelt begrep om problemløsende kompetanse som setter samhandling under press. Kompetansebegrepet uttrykker utdanningspolitiske mål om nytte som står i et spenningsforhold til danning. Som følge av dette presset vektlegger læreplanen danning som en subjektiv utviklingsprosess med mål om et mestrende individ. Kapitlet avsluttes med refleksjoner over hvordan vi kan gå metodisk til verks for å avdekke denne typen press.Danning under tilslørt press: fra erfarende samhandling til instrumentell problemløsningpublishedVersio

    Et litteraturstudium av hvordan Lévinas’ etiske tenkning kan belyse den pedagogiske relasjonen i en kontinental tradisjon

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    Bakgrunnen for oppgaven er min erfaring som pedagog blant annet i Indonesia. Da jeg kom tilbake, erfarte jeg at den norske skolen er i endring. Jeg reflekterte over om endringene er til barnas beste, og valgte å undersøke dette ved å ta en master i pedagogikk med vekt på pedagogisk ledelse. Lederansvaret i skolen er i prinsippet altomfattende (UDIR, 17.01.2020) og innebærer dermed et bevisst forhold til hvilke verdier og normer som får dominere. Under studiet ble det tydeligere for meg at det ligger grunnleggende eksistensielle antakelser, bevisste eller ubevisste, til grunn for våre handlinger. Jeg ble kjent med Emmanuel Lévinas’ etiske tenkning om menneskets væren, og hans tanker talte til meg. I etikken hans anses ansvaret som treffer jeget i møtet med den Andre, fundamentalt for at den enkelte kan bli seg selv (Levinas, 1995). Samtidig anser den kontinentale pedagogiske tradisjonen, som Lévinas selv var påvirket av, den pedagogiske relasjonen som det eneste mulige utgangspunktet for undervisning (Friesen, 2023). Jeg valgte derfor å se på hvordan Lévinas’ etiske tenkning kan belyse den pedagogiske relasjonen i en kontinental tradisjon. Det har jeg gjort ved å foreta en tematisk analyse av et utvalg vitenskapelige artikler skrevet av pedagoger som har latt Lévinas’ etikk inspirere deres pedagogiske tenkning. Funnene viser at Lévinas prioriterer den etiske relasjonen framfor kunnskap. Pedagogene må sette hensynet til barnet først og unngå å tro at de vet hvem barnet er. Videre fant jeg to hovedtendenser i artiklene: Den ene var tematiseringen av barnet som pedagogens Andre. Den gravide moren løftes fram som pedagogens ypperste forbilde fordi hun dekker barnets behov uten å vite hvem det er. Pedagogen oppfordres til å være barmhjertig, årvåken, ydmyk og fintfølende for å oppfatte barnets signaler og svare på dets behov, på tross av smerten barnets annerledeshet kan forårsake. Den andre var tematiseringen av pedagogen og andre mennesker som barnets Andre. Hva betyr det for pedagogens praksis at barnet kan bli seg selv i kraft av ansvaret møtet med den Andre bærer med seg? Pedagogen oppfordres til å stille barnet utfordrende spørsmål som ryster barnets lukkede verden og åpner det for uendeligheten. Oppgaven avsluttes med en modell av den pedagogiske relasjonen, basert på mine funn. Modellen bygger på forestillingen om kroppens blodomløp og visualiserer relasjonens personer, formål og kvaliteter. Nøkkelord: Lévinas’ etikk, pedagogisk relasjon, kontinental pedagogkk, ansvar, den Andre, uendelighet, barmhjertighet, transcendens, dialog, pedagogisk filosofi. Kontaktinformasjon: [email protected] ABSTRACT The background for this thesis is my experience as an educator, including in Indonesia. Upon my return, I observed that the Norwegian school system is undergoing changes. I reflected on whether these changes are in the best interest of the child, and decided to investigate this by pursuing a master's degree in pedagogy with a focus on educational leadership. The leadership responsibility in schools is all-encompassing (UDIR, 17.01.2020) and therefore involves a conscious consideration of which values and norms should dominate. During my studies, it became clearer to me that there are fundamental existential assumptions, conscious or unconscious, underlying our actions. I became acquainted with Emmanuel Lévinas' ethical thinking, and his thoughts resonated with me. In his ethics, responsibility is seen as hitting the self in the encounter with the Other, fundamentally enabling the individual to become themselves (Levinas, 1995). At the same time, the continental pedagogical tradition, which Lévinas himself was influenced by, considers the pedagogical relation as the only possible starting point for education (Friesen, 2023). Thus, I chose to explore how Lévinas' ethics can illuminate the pedagogical relation in a continental tradition, by conducting a thematic analysis of a selection of scientific articles written by educators who are inspired by Lévinas in their pedagogical thinking. The findings show that Lévinas prioritizes the ethical relation over knowledge. Educators must prioritize the child's well-being and avoid assuming they know who the child is. Furthermore, I identified two main tendencies in the articles: One was exploring the child as the educator's Other. The pregnant mother is highlighted as the educator's ultimate role model because she meets the child's needs without knowing who it is. The educator is encouraged to be compassionate, attentive, humble, and sensitive to perceive the child's signals and respond to its needs, despite the pain the child's otherness may cause. The other tendency was exploring the educator and other people as the child's Other. What does it mean for the educator's practice that the child can become themselves through the responsibility that the encounter with the Other carries? The educator is encouraged to ask the child challenging questions that shake the child's world and open it to infinity. The thesis concludes with a model of the pedagogical relationship based on my findings. The model is built on the concept of the body's circulation and visualizes the relationship's persons, purposes, and qualities. Keywords: Lévinas' ethics, pedagogical relation, continental pedagogy, responsibility, the Other, infinity, compassion, transcendence, dialogue, pedagogical philosophy. Contact information: [email protected]

    Pathway Analysis of the Dynamics of Teacher Educators’ Professional Digital Competence

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    Institutions offering teacher education have generally been criticized for giving pre-service teachers an insufficient education regarding the pedagogical use of digital technology. In this study we investigate the dynamics of professional digital competence (PDC) among teacher educators (in primary, secondary and early childhood teacher education programmes) in Norway, Slovenia, and Portugal. A survey was constructed based on the understanding of digital competence consisting of an individual’s knowledge, skills, and attitudes. Three constructed variables from the survey (Attitudes, Knowledge and skills, and Use, regarding digital technology in higher education) were analysed, and we found small differences in mean scores between the three countries. However, a pathway analysis via regressions revealed markedly different dynamics of PDC, and we discuss implications of our findings on teacher educators’ use of digital technology.publishedVersio

    Begrepet dybdelæring og dets påvirkning på KRLE-lærebøkers kunnskapsformidling. En komparativ analyse av lærebøker i KRLE

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    Denne masteroppgaven undersøker hvordan oppgavene i et utvalg KRLE-lærebøker for ungdomstrinnet kan sies å ha blitt påvirket av fokuset det i nyere år har blitt gitt begrepet dybdelæring i norsk kontekst. Dybdelæring er et sentralt begrep i Læreplanverket for Kunnskapsløftet (LK20), og en tanke som ligger til grunn for denne oppgaven er at fokuset på begrepet dybdelæring bør ha ført til endring i utforming av KRLE-læreboksoppgaver. Forholdet mellom fokuset på dybdelæring, og hvordan denne legges til rette for i læreboksoppgaver, undersøkes gjennom problemstillingen: Hvordan legger oppgavene i et utvalg KRLE-lærebøker for ungdomstrinnet til rette for dybdelæring, og hvordan skiller oppgavene i nyutgitte KRLE-lærebøker seg fra eldre utgivelser av KRLE-lærebøker? Det har blitt utarbeidet et teoretisk rammeverk, basert på ulike perspektiver og aspekter med tilknytning til dybdelæring, som har blitt laget for å kunne besvare problemstillingen. Det rammeverket som har blitt utarbeidet, har utgjort grunnlaget for analysen, som systematisk har kategorisert hvordan dybdelæring er tilrettelagt for i læreboksoppgavene. Systematiseringen er inndelt etter hvorvidt oppgavene inviterer til individuell eller sosial læring (der den sosiale læringen er ansett som et viktig aspekt for dybdelæring), og hvorvidt oppgavene kan sies å legge til rette for trening av lavere grader av kompetanse og høyere grader av kompetanse. Analysen har tatt for seg åtte lærebøker og deres samlede 2539 læreboksoppgaver. Bøkene er utgitt av forlagene Aschehoug og Cappelen Damm, der halvparten er utgitt til den forrige KRLE-læreplanen (RLE01-02) og den andre halvparten er utgitt til den nye KRLE-læreplanen (RLE01-03). Funnene tyder på at lærere aktivt bør planlegge for sosial læring i undervisningen, utover det lærebøkene legger til rette for. Lærebokforfattere og forlag bør også inkludere flere oppgaver som inviterer til sosialt arbeid i fremtidige utgivelser. Funnene tyder også på at det hos ett av forlagene, Cappelen Damm, i relativt stor grad legges til rette for at det kan skje dybdelæring i arbeid med læreboksoppgavene

    What do young Christian girls in Western Norway think of joy, happiness, and leading a good life, and how do they relate it to faith and church?

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    In this thesis I have investigated the concepts of joy, happiness, and a good life as well as their relationship to faith, church and Christian youth work. Working among youth, the question of relevance of faith and church have motivated me to strive to understand more of what the youth think and how they process what the church tries to pass on to them. Using the lenses of the field of Practical Theology, I have interviewed two groups of girls in Western Norway with the following research question in mind: what do young Christian girls in Western Norway think of joy, happiness, and leading a good life, and how do they relate it to faith and church? To bring the biblical and theological understanding of joy, happiness, and a good life to the work, I have drawn on the work of biblical scholars (Volf, 2015) and theologians (Moltamann, 1973), building a theorical framework to discuss the results. The research uses the qualitative method (Swinton & Mowat, 2006) and group interviews to collect data. In order to get a thick description (Ward, 2017), which is characteristic of qualitative studies, I used meaning condensation (Brinkmann&Kvale, 2009) to analyze the transcript of the data and get distinct meaning units from the material. These units were then grouped in terms of the specific purpose of the study, which were then reported in the results chapter. Having Richar Osmer’s (2008) four tasks of Practical Theology as an arching frame, the results are discussed within the theory showing that, for these girls, happiness is not a moral horizon (Root, 2020), but a bonus that may or may not happen in life. A good life is a life containing fellowship, meaning, contentment and the feeling of being safe. They view church community and Christian youth work as a space where they can connect to God, feel free from pressures to achieve, and perform; a second family. Jesus and God are viewed as safe persons and models on how to lead a meaningful life. Although they do not directly connect their understanding of joy, happiness and a good life with a biblical and theological view, their articulation of these topics show that their experiences within the church community mark deeply their definitions of them. They are aware that life brings challenges, and they point to examples of people from their faith community that have shown resilience and joy amidst difficulties. Nevertheless, the analysis has showed that there is a lack of articulation on the biblical and theological understanding of joy and a good life, among the interviewees. In conclusion, this research found out that the youth interviewed possess a Christian understanding of joy, happiness, and good life, but struggle to place it in interaction with the Christian metanarrative. In other words, they understand the circumstances of the Christian faith’s joy, but do not see it within their own circumstances

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