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Harmful Effects of Import Restrictions and Non-Market Measures
Get PDFThe administration of U.S. President Donald Trump imposed import tariffs of 25% on steel and 10% on aluminum under Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962 on the grounds that steel and aluminum imports are impairing national security by weakening the domestic industries and released a plan to slap a 25% tariff on Chinese products worth $50 billion under Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974 for what it sees as intellectual property infringement by China. The United States’ unilateral actions are unacceptable under WTO rules, even though the existing WTO rules are deemed insufficient as rules governing multilateral trade activities including those involving China in terms of correcting distortions in the global market and protecting intellectual property rights. Trying to solve a bilateral trade conflict by power with no judge to referee is a recipe for an economic tailspin, prompting retaliation from the other party, causing a contraction in trade not only between the two conflicting parties but also across the world, resulting in a loss in global economic welfare. All trading countries, including the United States and China, should work to improve the functioning of the market mechanism by eliminating non-market measures and enhancing intellectual property protection under a set of multilateral trade rules, in order to prevent the United States from taking unilateral import restrictions and its trade partners, such as China, from taking retaliatory measures
How the subject of the Anti-Prostitution Act was stipulated in Japan : Investigative report on ways to express females
No full textIn contemporary Japan, the question of “whether women are considered ‘girls requiring protection’ ” is the basis for enforcement of the prostitution prevention laws, and the concept of “girls requiring protection” has become the crux of the prostitution prevention issue in Japan. An important question is why the wording of the law contains the word “girls”? In other provisions of the same law, women are referred to as “ladies,” causing the present author to wonder about the differences in these two expressions for women. Although some research has been done on the “requiring protection” part of the law, there appears to be no examination in the history of the legislation about the “girls” terminology. Interestingly, this law was not readily adopted even after several submissions, and an examination of its legislative history must include the consideration of what kinds of expressions were popular during the period of its establishment. This paper also investigates how and when it was decided to use this particular expression only in certain parts of the legislation. This study has elucidated some of these points brought some points to the surface. As the investigation proceeded, the time period studied was narrowed down and its scope deepened in terms of the particular political and ad-ministrative circumstances at play at the time of the creation of the legislation. We hoped that the unfolding of these processes would bring to light the hidden historical implications of the laws examined
Reverification of the functions of casework at child guidance centers through the examinations of official reports on deaths by child abuse
Get PDF本研究は、国及び地方公共団体の検証結果の分析等を通じて、児童相談所のケースワーク機能に関する質的な検証の必要性について検討することを目的とする。国の検証結果に関する分析については、厚生労働省社会保障審議会児童部会・児童虐待等要保護事例の検証に関する専門委員会「子ども虐待による死亡事例等の検証報告書」（第1次報告から第12次報告）を、地方公共団体の検証結果に関する分析については「児童虐待による死亡事例等重大事例についての検証報告書」（平成20年度から平成28年度）を分析対象とした。その結果、児童相談所のケースワーク機能に関する調査項目は十分ではなく、「家族全体を捉えた援助指針及び援助計画の設定」や「定期的なアセスメントの実施と再アセスメントによる援助指針」など質的検証を深める必要性が示唆された。また、検証の視点としては、「援助の実行過程の的確性」についての検証が大きな論点になることが明らかにされた。The purpose of this study is to examine the necessity of the qualitative verification of the functions of casework at child guidance centers through the analyses of inspection results provided by the national and local governments. The objects of analyses of the national government inspection results were the first to the twelfth reports of Inspection Report on the Deaths by Child Abuse issued from the Special Committee on Child Abuse and Protection Cases in Social Security Council of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. As for the local governments, the objects of analyses were their Inspection Reports on Serious Cases including Deaths by Child Abuse issued from fiscal 2008 to 2016 years. As the result of the examination, it has been suggested that survey items enquiring the functions of casework in child guidance centers are insufficient and therefore the qualitative verification needs to be reinforced with perspectives such as “the establishment of aid guidelines and plans for the whole family” and “the execution of regular assessment and provision of aid guidelines based on reassessment” included. It has also become evident that as a verification aspect the verification of the “accuracy of the process of aid implementation” can be a point at issue
Comparison of maternal and child health status between Niigata Prefecture, Japan and Khabarovsk Territory, Russia : Neonatal and infant mortality rates and levels of early-pregnancy notification
No full textThis report compares the change in infant and neonatal mortality rates and levels of early pregnancy reporting rates in Japan (focusing on Niigata Prefecture) and Russia (focusing on Khabarovsk Territory). This report was endorsed by a memorandum of understanding (MOU) between Niigata University of Health and Welfare and Far Eastern State of Medical University. The indicators of infant and child health status have been improving year on year in Russia. It is considered that the enhancement of the quality and quantity of the perinatal medical care system, especially the introduction of general perinatal centers across Russia, is the main factor in these improvements
Prediction of Bite Collapse by Proportional Hazard Model, Using Patient Dental Records
No full text老年歯科医学. 2018, 33(1), 3-16.博士(保健学)新潟医療福祉大
The Languages and Cultures in the Descriptions of Disasters in Sangokushiki(三国史記) : In view of a Contrast with the Responses to Disasters in Wakoku(倭国)
Get PDF日本に於いては、古来、様々な自然災害―大雨、洪水、地震、津波、火山噴火、土石流、雪害、暴風雨、高波、高潮、旱害、蝗害、疫病流行等々、数え切れない程の災害が人々を襲い、人々はその都度、復旧、復興しながら、現在へと至る地域社会を形成、維持、発展させて来た。それは、日本が列島を主体とした島嶼国家であり、その周囲は水（海水）で囲まれ、山岳地帯より海岸線迄の距離が短い、即ち、平坦部が少なく、土地の傾斜が急であるという地理的条件に依る処が大きい。民衆レベルに於いて、文字情報、文字認知が必ずしも一般的ではなかった近世以前の段階でも、限られた人々に依る記録、就中、災害記録は作成されていた。古い時代に在って、それは官人に負う処が大きかったのである。所謂、正史として編纂された官撰国史の中に於ける災害記録である。このような状況の倭国へ漢字を公伝させたとする韓半島に於いても、残存する信憑性の高いものは少ないものの、古来、種々の記録類が作成されていたものと推測される。その中に於いても、様々な災害記録が残されている。そうした自然災害に対する認識は、災害情報の記録にも反映され、更には、日本へも影響を与えていたのであろうか。本稿では、そうした観点より、韓半島に於ける対災害観や、災害対処の様相を文化論として窺おうとしたものである
中国吉林省延辺州の産業開発に関する調査研究 ─農林業から観光業への山林資源利用遷移に伴う事業創造環境変化を中心として─
Get PDF豊かな山林資源を有する中国吉林省は日本海航路開発で新潟との経済交流発展
が期待される。本研究では円滑で互恵的な関係発展に資する為、交流協定校延辺
大学が所在する延辺朝鮮族自治州に着眼し、同地特有な山林資源産業利用の現状
と将来的開発動向を解明するため、延辺大学所在の延吉市で2016年9 月に約2
週間の滞在調査研究を行った。延大教員・院生らとの情報交換、延大図書館、大
学出版社書店、州立図書館の文献調査、市内商業集積や文化施設の視察などを行
い、また、近隣安図県、敦化市を視察した。更に、2017年9 月に延吉市を再訪
して前年の調査対象を再調査した。その結果、野生動植物採取は管理され、持続
可能モデルに移行していること、山林資源を活かした観光業が伸び盛りで学術研
究が支援を図っていること、都市型商業活動が活況なこと、山林資源と電子商取
引の新結合による創業促進施設の存在が判明した。これら成果を今後の共同研究
等に活用したい
