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Natural antioxidants from agro-industrial by-products and applications in foods
Get PDFWith about one-third of foods produced around the globe is wasted and never consumed, the issue of food waste and loss continues to be one of the major challenges to food sustainability and food security. This chapter will first look at recent literature on various natural antioxidants that can be extracted from agro-industrial by-products, such as fruits and vegetable by-products (skin, peels, pomace, seeds, husk, etc.), grains and oilseeds by-products (bran, press cakes, meal, etc.), and dairy, meat, and poultry by-products (whey, skin, viscera, etc.). Then, traditional and emerging techniques used to recover these natural antioxidants from agro-industrial waste and by-products will be discussed, and examples of their applications in various food categories will be presented. Finally, limitations, future prospects, and conclusions will be described. © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved
Root canal morphology of mandibular anterior permanent teeth in Turkish sub-population using two classification systems: a cone-beam computed tomography study
Get PDFThis study examined the root and canal morphology of mandibular anterior teeth (MA) in the Turkish sub-population using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), comparing the findings based on Vertucci's and Ahmed et al. classification systems. The CBCT images were acquired using the 3D Accuitomo CBCT device. Images that were deemed suitable for visualizing the roots, canals, and the complete pulp chamber and apex were included in the study. Vertucci and Ahmed et al. classification systems were employed to determine the root canal morphology. 500 CBCT images and 3000 teeth were analyzed. Type I ((1)MA(1)) was the most frequent, followed by Type III ((1)MA(1-2-1)). 3.8% of teeth could not be classified with Vertucci system. In canine teeth, Vertucci type III ((1)MA(1-2-1)) was significantly more prevalent in males than females (p = 0.038) and Type I ((1)MA(1)) was less frequent in individuals aged 41-50 (p 78%). One-third of mandibular incisor teeth have two canals, with a significant number exhibiting canal divergence/merging that was separated in the middle region and merged in the apical region. The Vertucci classification was found to be inadequate in some cases, while Ahmed et al. classification was able to classify all mandibular incisors with a single code. Ahmed et al. classification is a more useful system for classifying all MA
Ruminantlar için Besleme Kaynağı Olarak Farklı Meyve Ağacı Yapraklarının Besin Bileşimi ve Metabolik Enerjisi
Get PDFThe need for roughage in the animal nutrition industry has led to the search for various alternative roughage. In this context, as a result of the research, tree leaves have the potential to be considered as a nutritious and balanced forage source for animals. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the usability of apple (Malus domestica), apricot (Prunus armeniaca), cherry (Prunus avium), grape (Vitis vinifera), and umber mulberry (Morus rubra) leaves in ruminant nutrition. As a result of the research, nutritional contents of tree leaves (dry matter, crude protein, crude ash, crude oil, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, acid detergent lignin, tannin), in vitrogas, carbon dioxideand methane gas production, in vitrogas post-production rumen fluid volatile fatty acid contents were found to be different from each other (P<0.05). In addition, although metabolic energy, organic matter digestion, digestible dry matter, dry matter consumption and relative feed values were found to be different in tree leaves (P<0.05), the highest values of these parameters were found in mulberry leaves. Metabolic energy (ME-J/kgDM) in grape, mulberry, apple, apricot and cherry is 9.24, 10.69, 10.07, 10.24, 9.33, organic matter digestibility (OMD-%) is 56.49, 58.98, 54.46, 57.34, and 58.31, respectively. has been detected. In the volatile fatty acids in the rumen fluid of the leaves after in vitrogas production; Total volatile fatty acid (TVFA-mmol/L) was defined as 69.16, 76.25, 66.04, 68.63, and 65.24, acetic acid (AA-mmol/L) was determined as 44.90, 48.52, 41.93, 46.82, and 43.62, respectively. As a result of our detailed studies, it has been determined that the leaves of various fruit trees stand out with their considerable nutritional content. The most important reason for the differences in the findings is that the nutritional content of tree leaves is different from differs. As a result of our comprehensive study, these nutritional content differences offer significant potential for using leaves of various fruit trees as a source of forage
Curve-Surface Pairs on Embedded Surfaces and Involute D-Scroll of the Curve-Surface Pair in E3
Get PDFWillmore defined embedded surfaces on f:S -> E-3, which is the embedding of S into Euclidean 3-space. He investigated the Euclidean metric of E-3, inducing a Riemannian structure on f(S). The expression analogous to the left-hand member of the curvature K is replaced by the mean curvature H-2 on f(S). Our aim is to observe the Gaussian and mean curvatures of curve-surface pairs using embedded surfaces in different curve-surface pairs and to define some developable operations on their curve-surface pairs. We also investigate the embedded surfaces using the Willmore method. We first recall the Darboux curve-surface and derive the new characterizations. This curve-surface pair is called the osculating Darboux curve-surface if its position vector always lies in the osculating Darboux plane spanned by a Darboux frame. Thus, we observed an osculating Darboux curve-surface pair. We also obtained the D-scroll of the curve-surface pair and involute D-scroll of the curve-surface pair with some differential geometric elements and found D(alpha,M)(s) and D*(alpha,M)(s)-scrolls of the curve-surface pair (alpha,M)
Extraction of mandelic acid with tri-octyl-phosphine oxide (TOPO) in different solvents: Equilibrium and neural network analysis
Get PDFMandelic acid is an important carboxylic acid used in pharmaceutical industries. It is also important to use it as a purified form. In this study, selective extraction of mandelic acid was done by tri-octyl-phosphine oxide (TOPO) diluted in different solvents such as methyl isobutyl ketone, 1-octanol, octyl acetate, dimethyl phthalate, 2-octanone, cyclohexane and toluene. The high selectivity of mandelic acid from aqueous solution was supported by thermodynamic parameters (loading factor, distribution coefficient, and extraction efficiency). The obtained values for each solvent were applied to the Neural Network Analysis to predict phase equilibrium behaviour in ternary systems. The results showed the highest mandelic acid extraction efficiency (93.65 %) and distribution coefficient (14.74) were attained with the organic phase mixture prepared with MIBK and TOPO. Also, it was found that extraction efficiencies increased with increasing TOPO amount in the medium for all studied solvents
In the example of 'Biz Niga Uruşamiz? (1-30)' book, syntax of Uzbek Turkish'
Get PDFSosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Çağdaş Türk Lehçeleri ve Edebiyatları Ana Bilim DalıBu çalışmada, 2020 yılında Ankara'da Arap alfabesi ile basılan Afganistan'ın kuzey bölgesinde bulunan yaklaşık 10 ilde konuşulan ve Ana Türkçenin en büyük lehçelerinden biri sayılan Özbek Türkçesi ile yazılmış "Biz Niga Uruşamiz?" (Biz Niye Savaşıyoruz) örneğinde Özbek Türkçesinin cümle bilgisi çalışılmıştır. Çağatay Türkçesinin devamı niteliğinde olan Özbek Türkçesi sadece Özbekistan'da değil, birçok farklı coğrafyada konuşulan bir Türk lehçesidir. Özbekistan başta olmak üzere Afganistan, Kırgızsiztan, Kazakistan, Tacikistan gibi ülkelerde de Özbek Türkleri kendi lehçeleri ile hayatlarına devam etmektedir. Yaklaşık 40 milyon kişinin konuştuğu varsayılan bu Türk lehçesi, Türk dilinin Karluk grubunda yer almaktadır. İncelediğimiz kitap, Afganistan'ın kuzeyinde bulunan Ser-Pul ilinde yaşayan ve Afganistan'ın Özbek dili ve eğitimi için yıllardır mücadele eden Muhammed Helim YARQİN tarafından yazılmıştır. Bu kitapta yazar kısa ve uzun hikâyeleri ile farklı etnik grupların yaşadığı Afganistan adıyla bilinen coğrafyada bu geri kalmışlığın nedenlerini anlatmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Muhammed Helim YARQİN tarafından kaleme alınan "Biz Niga Uruşamiz?" (Biz Niye Savaşıyoruz) adlı kitab Arap alfabesinden Latin alfabesine transkribe edilmiş ve daha sonra Türkiye Türkçesine aktarılmıştır. Eserin ilk 30 sayfasında geçen 340 cümle, cümle ögeleri, cümle çeşitleri ve kelime grupları bakımından incelenmiştir.This work is written in Uzbek Turkish, which is considered one of the largest dialects of Mother Turkic spoken in about 10 provinces in the northern region of Afghanistan and is considered one of the largest dialects of Mother Turkic, and Uzbek phrases spoken in Uzbekistan, with the Arabic alphabet printed in Ankara in 2020. In this book, the sentence information of Uzbek Turkish has been studied in the example of "Why are we fighting" (Biz Niga Uruşamiz). Uzbek Turkish, which is a continuation of Chagatai Turkish, is understood by Uzbek Turkish or Uzbek and Uzbek language and is a language spoken not only in Uzbekistan, but perhaps in hundreds of different geographies. Uzbeks, whose homeland is in countries such as Afghanistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, especially Uzbekistan, continue their lives with their mother tongue. This language, which is estimated to be about 40 million, is in the Karluk-Uighur group of Turkic languages. Rules and principles such as the structure of the word, the shape of the word, the accumulation of the word and the structure of the sentence are studied within the framework of grammar. The book I am analyzing was written by Mohammad Helim YARQIN, who lives in Ser-Pul province in the north of Afghanistan and has been making educational efforts for the Uzbek language of Afghanistan for many years. In this book, the author tells in short and long stories the reasons for the lack of development of this nation in the geography known as Afghanistan, where different ethnic groups live. This book was translated from Arabic alphabet to Latin alphabet and then translated into Turkish. The sentences in this text are analyzed as sentence elements, sentence types and word groups
Effects of concentric and eccentric exercises on some myokines, angiogenic and antiangiogenic factors in men
Get PDFSağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Fizyoloji Ana Bilim Dalı, Tıbbi Fizyoloji Bilim DalıAnjiyogenez mevcut bulunan kapiller kan damarlarından yeni kan damarlarının oluşması demektir. Vücutta doğal olarak oluşan fizyolojik bir süreçtir (embriyogenezde, yara iyileşmesinde ve kadın üreme sisteminde) ancak patolojik olduğu birtakım durumlar (inflamatuar hastalıklarda, birtakım kanserlerde ve göz ile ilgili bazı hastalıklar) da olabilmektedir. Kanda bulunan anjiyojenik faktörler baskın olduğunda anjiyogenez meydana gelir, tersine kanda antianjiyojenik faktörler baskın olduğunda ise anjiyogenez baskılanır. Egzersiz de aktif kas içinde güçlü bir anjiyojenik uyarı üretir. Bizim de bu çalışmadaki amacımız konsantrik ve eksantrik egzersiz tiplerinin bireylerde anjiyojenik ve antianjiyojenik faktörlerle birlikte inflamasyon ve anjiyogenezle ilişkili miyokin değerlerine ve kas hasarı belirteçlerinden kreatin kinaz üzerine etkilerini belirlemektir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda 24 gönüllü ile yapılan bu çalışmamızda konsantrik egzersiz (KE) grubu (n=11) ve eksantrik egzersiz (EE) grubu (n=13) olmak üzere iki egzersiz grubu oluşturuldu ve bu gruplara fizyoterapist eşliğinde 2 haftalık (6 seans) direnç egzersizi programı uygulandı. Çalışmaya katılan gönüllülerden 3 farklı zamanda (egzersize başlamadan önce=kontrol, ilk egzersiz seansından sonra=akut ve son egzersiz seansından sonra=kronik) kan örnekleri toplandı ve serum elde edildi. Bu serum örneklerinde VEGF, Anjiyopoietin-1, Endostatin, Trombospondin-1, IL-6 ve IL-8 düzeyleri ELISA yöntemiyle çalışıldı. CK düzeyleri de Floresans Akış Sitometrisi yöntemi ile ölçüldü. Çalışmamızın sonuçları değerlendirildiğinde anjiyojenik faktörlerden VEGF her iki grupta da zamana göre anlamlı derecede artış gösterirken, Anjiyopoietin-1 düzeyleri iki grupta da değişiklik göstermedi. İki değişken için de grup-zaman ilişkisi farklılık göstermedi. Antianjiyojenik faktörlerden endostatin düzeyleri EE grubunda zamana göre anlamlı artış gösterdi, KE grubunda değişim gözlenmedi; Trombospondin-1 ise her iki grupta da zamana göre azalış gösterdi. Her iki antianjiyojenik değişken için de grup-zaman ilişkisi farklılık göstermedi. Hem IL-6 hem de IL-8 her iki grupta da zamana göre anlamlı artış gösterdi ancak iki değişkende de gruplar arası farklılık yoktu. CK düzeyleri ise EE grubunda zamana göre anlamlı artış gösterdi, KE grubunda değişim olmadı. Ancak grup-zaman etkileşimi yine anlamlı değildi. Sonuç olarak anjiyojenik faktörler her iki grupta da benzer değişimler gösterdi, gruplar arası farklılık bulunmadı. Ancak anti-anjiyojenik faktörlerden olan Endostatinin sadece eksantrik egzersizle artması, anjiyogenezin modülasyonu için önemli olabilir.Angiogenesis means the formation of new blood vessels from existing capillary blood vessels. It is a physiological process that occurs naturally in the body (in embryogenesis, wound healing and the female reproductive system), but there may also be some conditions in which it is pathological (in inflammatory diseases, some cancers and some eye-related diseases). When angiogenic factors in the blood predominate, angiogenesis occurs; conversely, when antiangiogenic factors in the blood predominate, angiogenesis is suppressed. Exercise also produces a strong angiogenic stimulus within active muscle. Our aim in this study is to determine the effects of concentric and eccentric exercise types on angiogenic and antiangiogenic factors, myokine values related to inflammation and angiogenesis, and creatine kinase, one of the muscle damage markers, in individuals. For this purpose, in our study conducted with 24 volunteers, two exercise groups, concentric exercise (KE) group (n = 11) and eccentric exercise (EE) group (n = 13), were created and a 2-week (6 sessions) resistance exercise program was applied to these groups under the supervision of a physiotherapist. Blood samples were collected and serum was obtained from the volunteers participating in the study at 3 different times (before starting exercise = control, after the first exercise session = acute and after the last exercise session = chronic). VEGF, Angiopoietin-1, Endostatin, Thrombospondin-1, IL-6 and IL-8 levels in these serum samples were studied by ELISA method. CK levels were also measured by Fluorescence Flow Cytometry method. When the results of our study were evaluated, VEGF, one of the angiogenic factors, increased significantly over time in both groups, while Angiopoietin-1 levels did not change in either group. The group-time relationship did not differ for either variable. Endostatin levels, one of the antiangiogenic factors, showed a significant increase over time in the eccentric group, but no change was observed in the concentric group; Thrombospondin-1 decreased over time in both groups. The group-time relationship did not differ for either antiangiogenic variable. Both IL-6 and IL-8 showed significant increases over time in both groups, but there was no difference between groups in either variable. CK levels showed a significant increase over time in the eccentric group, but there was no change in the concentric group. However, the group-time interaction was again not significant. As a result, angiogenic factors showed similar changes in both groups, and no differences were found between the groups. However, the increase in Endostatin, one of the anti-angiogenic factors, only with eccentric exercise may be important for the modulation of angiogenesis
The impact of mental toughness on resilience and well-being: A comparison of hearing-impaired and non-hearing-impaired athletes
Get PDFThe purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of mental toughness levels on the psychological resilience and mental well-being levels of hearing impaired and non-hearing impaired athletes and the extent of the difference between hearing impaired and non-hearing impaired athletes. The study group of the research consisted of 121 hearing impaired and 127 non-hearing-impaired athletes who continue their active sports life in Turkey. Convenience sampling method for non-hearing-impaired athletes and snowball sampling method for hearing impaired athletes were used for data collection. Data was collected online with Google Forms. In the study, structural equation modelling was conducted with Smart PLS program. In Model A, the direct effect of mental toughness on mental well-being and resilience was determined. Model B showed that mental toughness directly affected mental well-being and resilience. Mental toughness has a direct effect on psychological resilience and mental well-being of hearing-impaired athletes and non-hearing-impaired athletes. In addition, the mental toughness, psychological resilience and mental well-being levels of hearing-impaired athletes are higher than those of non-hearing-impaired athletes
Gebe kadınların genital benlik imajı cinsel memnuniyetlerini etkiler mi?: Kesitsel bir çalışma
Get PDFAMAÇ: Gebelerin genital benlik imajının, cinsel memnuniyet üzerine etkisini belirlenmektir GEREÇ ve YÖNTEMLER: Tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel nitelikteki bu çalışmaya, Haziran 2022-Ocak 2023 tarihleri arasında Türkiye’nin doğusundaki bir hastanenin gebe izlem polikliniklerine başvuran 513 gebe kadın dâhil edilmiştir. Veriler, çalışmaya alınmaya uygun olan gebelerle yüz yüze görüşülerek “Gebe Bilgi Formu”, “Kadın Genital Benlik İmajı Ölçeği (KGBİÖ)” ve “Kadın Cinsel Memnuniyet Ölçeği (KCMÖ)” kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Veriler “tanımlayıcı istatistikler, pearson korelasyon analizi ve doğrusal regresyon analizi” ile değerlendirilmiştir. BULGULAR: Gebe kadınların yaş ortalaması 30,88±4,52 yıl ve gebelik yaşı ortalaması 25,17±9,38 hafta idi. Kadınların çoğunluğu gebelikte cinsel isteğinin azaldığını ve gebelikte haftada 1 kez cinsel ilişkiye girdiği belirtti. Gebelerin KGBİÖ puanı ortalaması 19,02±3,96 ve KCMÖ puanı ortalaması 78,82±11,06 idi. Gebelerin KGBİÖ ile KCMÖ puan ortalamaları arasında pozitif yönde zayıf düzeyde anlamlı ilişki saptandı (p<0,01). Regresyon analizine göre gebelerin genital benlik imajı, cinsel memnuniyetini pozitif yönde anlamlı olarak etkilemektedir (p <0,01). SONUÇ: Gebelerin genital benlik imajı orta düzeyde iken cinsel memnuniyetinin düşük düzeyde olduğu; genital benlik imajı olumlu oldukça cinsel memnuniyetinin arttığı ortaya çıkmıştır
Location selection for solar power plants by using support vector machines: Adıyaman province, Turkey
Get PDFThe demand for natural resources and energy is increasing daily due to increasing trade and production opportunities resulting from population increase and globalization. The rising demand for energy and the uneven distribution of non-renewable energy have spurred a growing interest in renewable energy. Solar power has been preferred as a significant source of energy in power production in Turkey due to its geographical location, and this has brought the need for selecting suitable areas for the establishment of Solar Power Plants (SPP) in the provinces of the country that are rich in terms of solar power potential. The research focuses on identifying suitable areas for SPP in Adiyaman province, utilizing Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS). The spatial database incorporates 13 criteria affecting SPP establishment, and the study employs the Support Vector Machines (SVM) method for analysis. The results indicate that approximately 67 % of Adiyaman province is not suitable for SPP, while 8 % is deemed ideal at a moderate degree, 10 % is convenient, and 15 % is the most suitable. Establishing the SPPs planned in Adiyaman province in the most appropriate areas will ensure that more energy is obtained and significantly contribute to the province's economy, environment, and society