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Potential of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) for prediction of acrylamide formation in French fries in the potato breeding process
Full text linkBreeding goals of potatoes for deep-frying purposes include high starch contents, good suitability for long-term storage, and low tendency to form reducing sugars as acrylamide precursors. Due to the extensive number of samples, an accurate analysis of acrylamide in French fries and its precursors in tubers is difficult to implement in the breeding process. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the suitability of NIRS measurements after minimal sample processing for the prediction of reducing sugar contents in the tubers or acrylamide contents in French fries. An external validation with more than 650 samples consisting of 194 potato genotypes resulted in a prediction accuracy of 51 % for acrylamide and 76 % for reducing sugar content. RPD values of less than 1.5 for acrylamide and between 1.64 and 2.23 for reducing sugar prediction rendered low medium to medium model quality. Nevertheless, acrylamide prediction models based on NIRS measurement of mashed tubers categorised over 80 % of unknown samples correctly as being below or above the European threshold value, indicating suitability as rapid test procedure in the breeding process.German Aerospace Center (Deutsches Zentrum fuer Luft- und Raumfahrt, DLR); German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Bundesministerium fuer Bildung und Forschung, BMBF) [01DL17001A B]; Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkiye (TUBITAK) [ARDEB 115O949, TEYDEB 9150014]We are grateful to the technical staff of the Max Rubner-Institut. Especially we would like to thank Ukhnaa Damdindash, Elke Grothe, Annika Lange, Jorg Niggemeier, Sophia Reh, Rolf Riesenberg, Joel Schafer, Jared Solty, Petra Weitkamp and Claudia Wortmann for their excellent technical assistance. Moreover, we thank Dr. Marcus Schmidt for linguistic revision. This paper is dedicated to Matthias Lange in memoriam, who had technical responsibility of the Potato Group at Max Rubner-Institute during this research. This work was funded by the German Aerospace Center (Deutsches Zentrum fuer Luft- und Raumfahrt, DLR) and the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Bundesministerium fuer Bildung und Forschung, BMBF) with the Project number 01DL17001A & B. The Turkish side of the project was funded by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkiye (TUBITAK) with Project numbers ARDEB 115O949 and TEYDEB 9150014
Sparsity-aware complex-valued least mean kurtosis algorithms
Full text linkComplex-valued least mean kurtosis (CLMK) algorithm and its augmented version (ACLMK) have recently become popular as workhorse tools in the processing of complex-valued signals due to their superior performances. Unfortunately, they are not yet suitable for sparse system identification problems. In this paper, combining the well-known sparsity-promoting strategies into the cost function based on the negated kurtosis of the error signal, we introduce a suit of sparsity-aware CLMK algorithms, named /0 0-norm CLMK (/0-CLMK), / 0-CLMK), / 0-ACLMK, zero-attraction CLMK (ZA-CLMK), ZA-ACLMK, reweighted ZA-CLMK (RZA-CLMK), and RZA-ACLMK. Simulation results on synthetic and real-world sparse system identification scenarios in the complex domain show that the proposed algorithms outperform the existing sparsity-aware algorithms in terms of convergence rate, tracking, and steady-state error
Selective microextraction of erythrosine (E127) in foodstuffs using a new generation high-density type-V deep eutectic solvent
Full text linkA novel and selective (deep eutectic solvent) DES-based microextraction method was established for the first time, utilizing a synthesized new generation High-Density Type-V DES for monitoring the dye Erythrosine (E127) in various foodstuffs and drugs. Type-V DES was created from acetophenone and diphenylamine at 3:1 M ratio. The pH, DES amount, and vortex time were optimized using Box-Behnken Design (BBD) of Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The quadratic microextraction model with R2 = 0.9982 was obtained. The limit of detection, preconcentration factor and linear dynamic range were determined to be 12 ?g/L, 50 and 41–4000 ?g/L, respectively. Effects of matrix components were examined. The developed High-Density Type-V Deep Eutectic Solvent Microextraction (HD-V-DES-ME) method was applied to foodstuffs and drugs to monitor their E127 contents and subsequently validated by applying spiked tests to real samples, with recoveries ranging between 94 and 101 %. The indexes of environmental friendliness and practicality for the method were evaluated using the Analytical GREEnness metric approach tool (AGREE) and the Blue Applicability Grade Index tool (BAGI), respectively. © 2024 Elsevier Lt
Social, cultural and economic situation of Niğde according to the Ses of Niğde Newspaper (1968-1969)
Full text linkSosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Tarih Ana Bilim DalıYerel gazeteler o bölgenin sosyo kültürel ve ekonomik yapısını incelemek ve bölge insanının yaşamını daha iyi anlayabilmek açısından en önemli kaynaklardır. Bu kaynaklar aracılığıyla yerel kültürün korunup geleceğe taşınması mümkün olabilmektedir. Bu doğrultuda çalışmamız kapsamında 1968-1969 yıllarında Niğde'nin Sesi Gazetesi'ne göre Niğde'nin sosyal, kültürel ve ekonomik yapısı incelenmiştir. Gazete Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi Sabiha Şahenk Kütüphanesi'nden her bir sayfası fotoğraflanarak dijital ortama aktarmak suretiyle temin edilmiştir. İlin ilk özel gazetesi olma özelliği taşıyan gazetenin vermiş olduğu haberler şehrin geçmiş yapısına, halkın ihtiyaçlarına, belediye ve bayındırlık çalışmalarına, şehirleşme faaliyetlerine, ekonomik faaliyetlerine, eğitim ve sağlık hizmetlerine yönelik pek çok önemli bilgi içermektedir. Bu doğrultuda yerel basının şehirlerin gelişmesindeki önemi bir kez daha kendini göstermektedirLocal newspapers are the most crucial sources for examining the socio-cultural and economic structure of a region and gaining a better understanding of the lives of the local population. Through these sources, it becomes possible to preserve and carry forward the local culture to the future. In the scope of our study, the social, cultural, and economic structure of Niğde in years 1968-1969 has been examined according to Niğde' nin Sesi Newspaper. The newspaper was obtained by digitally capturing each page from Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University Sabiha Şahenk Library. The newspaper, having the distinction of being the first private newspaper in the province, contains numerous important pieces of information regarding the city's historical structure, the needs of the people, municipal and infrastructure projects, urbanization activities, economic endeavors, education, and healthcare services. In this context, the significance of local media in the development of cities is once again evident.
Austrian School of Economics in the history of economic thought: Its representatives, philosophies, theories, methodologies
Full text linkSosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İktisat Ana Bilim Dalıİnsanlık tarihi boyunca dünyada sosyal, kültürel ve ekonomik alanlarda köklü ve önemli değişimler yaşanmıştır. Nüfusun artması ile insanlar yeni yerler keşfetme isteği, barınma, giyinme, yiyecek ihtiyaçlarının da artmasına sebep olması nedeniyle insanları, kıt olan kaynakları en iyi şekilde nasıl kullanmaları gerektiği konusunda araştırmaya itmiştir. Bu sebeplerden dolayı insanlar özellikle temel ihtiyaçlarını karşılamak için ekonomik olarak çeşitli faaliyetlerde bulunmuşlardır. Bu doğrultuda ilk insan topluluklarının ortaya çıkmasıyla iktisadi faaliyetlerin başladığı kabul edilmiştir. İktisadın tarihinin başlangıcı ise ilkçağ, Orta çağ, eski Yunan, Mısır ve Çin gibi uygarlıklara kadar dayandırılmıştır. İlk uygarlıkların iktisat bilimine bilimsel olarak katkı sağlamadığını, ancak dönemindeki iktisadi faaliyetlerle iktisadın temelinin atılması yönünden önemli oldukları kabul edilmiştir. Tarih, başlangıcı ve sonu belli olmayan bir inceleme alanı olarak kabul edilmiştir. İktisat tarihinin de başlangıcının insanlık tarihi kadar eski olduğu kabul edilmekle birlikte, insanoğlunun var olduğu andan itibaren iktisadi faaliyetlerin yapıldığı belirtilmiştir. Bilimsel anlamda iktisat ise yeni bir bilim dalı olarak kabul edilmiştir. İktisadın tarihinin diğer bilim dallarına göre daha yeni olmasının nedeni olarak Klasik Okulun kurucusu olan Adam Smith tarafından 1776 yılında yazılmış olan 'Ulusların Zenginliği 'adlı eseri iktisadın bilimsel açıdan ele alınan ve kapsamlı şekilde çerçevesinin çizildiği ilk iktisat kitabı olarak kabul edilmiştir. Toplumsal gelişme ve değişimlerin yaşanması, iktisadi yapıda da bu değişimlerin yaşanmasına sebep olmuştur. İktisadi olarak ortaya çıkan gelişmeler, bu alanda farklı düşüncelerin de ortaya çıkmasına yol açmıştır. Bu doğrultuda iktisadi düşünce tarihi içinde yeni düşünce okullarını ortaya çıkmasını sağlamıştır. İktisatçıların yaşadıkları dönemde ortaya çıkan iktisadi sorunlara çözüm arayışları, geliştirdikleri teoriler ve kullanmış oldukları yöntemlerin farklılık göstermesi düşünce okullarının da farklı görüşler ortaya koymasına sebep olmuştur. Günümüzde araştırma ve inceleme alanı geniş olan iktisat okullarının temelinin insanlık tarihi kadar eski olmasına yol açan en büyük etken ise insanoğlunun var olduğu andan itibaren ekonomiyle iç içe olması olmuştur. Tarihsel süreç içinde iktisadi düşünceler açısından gelişmeler yaşanmış, farklı değerlendirmeler ortaya çıkmıştır. Bir önceki dönemin düşünce yapılarından etkilenerek yeni iktisadi düşünceler ortaya koyan düşünürler bu doğrultuda yeni iktisat okullarını da ortaya çıkarmıştır. Ortaya çıkan iktisat okullarının iktisadi düşünce tarihine yön vererek, önemli katkıları olmuştur. İktisat okullarından biri de Avusturya İktisat Okulu olmuştur. Avusturya İktisat Okulu, dönemin iktisatçısı olarak kabul edilen Carl Menger tarafından kurulmuştur. Carl Menger'in bu dönemde Klasik İktisat Okulunun teorilerini eleştirmesi ve Menger'in eleştirilerine Alman Tarihçi Okul tarafından kabul edilmeyerek karşı çıkılması ile aralarında başlayan metot tartışması sonucu Avusturya İktisat Okulu kurulmuştur. Avusturya İktisat Okulu düşünsel, felsefi, teorik ve metodolojik açıdan yapmış oldukları önemli katkılarla iktisat bilimini daha sağlam temellere oturtmuştur. Marjinalist devrimin kuruluşunda öncü rol oynayan Avusturya İktisat Okulu, önemli temsilcileri ve ilkeleri ile iktisadi düşünce tarihine katkı sağlamıştır. 'İktisadi Düşünce Tarihinde Avusturya İktisat Okulu: Temsilcileri, Felsefeleri, Teorileri, Metodolojileri' adlı yüksek lisans tez çalışmasında iktisadın, iktisadi düşünce tarihi içindeki gelişimi ele alınarak, okulun iktisadi düşünce tarihine yapmış olduğu katkıları ile okulun önemli temsilcileri ve ilkeleri çerçevesinde değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışma sonuç bölümüyle tamamlanarak, iktisat alanına kazandırılmıştır. Anahtar Kelime: İktisat, İktisat Tarih, İktisadi Düşünce, İlkçağ, Orta Çağ, Merkantilizm, Fizyokrasi, Klasik Okul, Neoklasik Okul, Avusturya Okulu.Throughout human history, there have been radical and important changes in social, cultural and economic areas in the world. With the increase in population, people's desire to explore new places and their needs for shelter, clothing and food have increased, thus pushing people to research on how to use scarce resources in the best way. For these reasons, people have engaged in various economic activities, especially to meet their basic needs. In this regard, it is accepted that economic activities began with the emergence of the first human communities. The beginning of the history of economics dates back to civilizations such as antiquity, the Middle Ages, ancient Greece, Egypt and China. It has been accepted that the first civilizations did not contribute scientifically to the science of economics, but they were important in laying the foundations of economics through the economic activities of their period. History has been accepted as a field of study with an unknown beginning and end. Although it is accepted that the beginning of economic history is as old as human history, it has been stated that economic activities have been carried out since the beginning of human beings. In scientific terms, economics has been accepted as a new branch of science. The reason why the history of economics is newer than other branches of science is that his work titled 'The Wealth of Nations', written in 1776 by Adam Smith, the founder of the Classical School, is accepted as the first economics book in which economics is discussed scientifically and its framework is drawn comprehensively. Social developments and changes have also caused these changes in the economic structure. Economic developments have led to the emergence of different ideas in this field. In this direction, it has enabled the emergence of new schools of thought in the history of economic thought. Economists' search for solutions to the economic problems that emerged in their time, the theories they developed and the methods they used differed, causing schools of thought to put forward different views. The biggest factor that has caused the foundations of economic schools, which have a wide range of research and examination areas today, to be as old as human history, is that human beings have been intertwined with the economy since the moment of their existence. Throughout the historical process, there have been developments in terms of economic thoughts and different evaluations have emerged. Thinkers who put forward new economic ideas, influenced by the thought structures of the previous period, also created new economic schools in this direction. The emerging schools of economics have made significant contributions to the history of economic thought. One of the schools of economics was the Austrian School of Economics. The Austrian School of Economics was founded by Carl Menger, who is considered the economist of the period. The Austrian School of Economics was founded as a result of the methodological debate that started between Carl Menger when he criticized the theories of the classical economics school and Menger's criticisms were not accepted and opposed by the German Historical School. The Austrian School of Economics has placed the science of economics on a more solid foundation with the important contributions they made in intellectual, philosophical, theoretical and methodological terms. The Austrian School of Economics, which played a leading role in the establishment of the marginalist revolution, contributed to the history of economic thought with its important representatives and principles. In his master's thesis titled "Austrian School of Economics in the History of Economic Thought: Representatives, Philosophies, Theories, Methodologies", the development of economics in the history of economic thought was discussed and the school's contributions to the history of economic thought were evaluated within the framework of the important representatives and principles of the school. The study was completed with the conclusion section and brought into the field of economics. Keywords: Economics, Economic History, Economic Thought, Antiquity, Middle Ages, Mercantilism, Physiocracy, Classical School, Neo-classical School, Austrian School
Exploring non-cytotoxic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties of selenium nanoparticles synthesized from Gymnema sylvestre and Cinnamon cassia extracts for herbal nanomedicine
Full text linkThe increasing need for pharmaceutical agents that possess attributes such as safety, cost-effectiveness, environmental sustainability, and absence of side effects has driven the advancement of nanomedicine research, which lies at the convergence of nanotechnology and medicine. Aims and objectives: The study aimed to synthesize non-toxic selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) using Gymnema sylvestre (G. sylvestre) and Cinnamon cassia (C. cassia) extracts. It also sought to develop and evaluate versatile nanomedicine formulations i.e. selenium nanoparticles of G. sylvestre and C. cassia (SeNPs), drug (lupeol) loaded SeNPs (DLSeNPs), drug-loaded and coated (PEG) SeNPs (DLCSeNPs) without side effects. Methods: The SeNPs formulations were hydrothermally synthesized, loaded with lupeol to improve efficacy, coated with polyethylene glycol (PEG) for targeted delivery, and characterized using UV-Vis spectrophotometry, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), zeta potential analysis, size distribution analysis, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Hemolytic cytotoxicity, 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydzayl (DPPH), total Reducing power, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) antioxidant assays, carrageenan-induced paw edema, and histological studies were used to estimate the acute anti-inflammatory activity of the synthesized SeNPs. Results: The final form of PEGylated and drug (lupeol)-loaded selenium nanoparticles (DLCSeNPs) exhibited an average particle size ranging from 100 to 500 nm as evidenced by SEM, and Zeta potential results. These nanoparticles demonstrated no cytotoxic effects and displayed remarkable antioxidant (IC50 values 19.29) and anti-inflammatory capabilities. These results were fed into Graph-pad Prism 5 software and analyzed by one-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey's post hoc test (p < 0.001). All nano-formulations exhibited significant overall antioxidant activity, with IC50 values <= 386 (p < 0.05) as analyzed by ANOVA. The study's results suggest that G. sylvestre outperformed C. cassia in terms of reducing 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) free radical, potassium ferricyanide, and ammonium molybdate in respective antioxidant assays. As far as antiinflammatory activities are concerned drug (lupeol)-loaded and PEG-coated G. sylvestre SeNPs exhibited the highest anti-inflammatory potential from all other nano-formulations including drug (lupeol)-loaded and PEGcoated C. cassia SeNPs, as exhibited to reduce the release of pro-inflammatory signals i.e. cytokines and NFkB, making them innovative anti-inflammatory nanomedicine. Conclusion: The study synthesized lupeol-loaded and PEG-coated SeNPs, showcasing the potential for biocompatible, cost-effective anti-inflammatory nanomedicines. G. Sylvester's superior antioxidant and antiinflammatory performance than Cinnamon cassia emphasizes medicinal plant versatility.King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia [RSP-2024 R369]The authors extend their appreciation to Researchers Supporting Project number (RSP-2024 R369) , King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. I want to express my sincere gratitude to Dr. Farkhanda Yasmeen for taking the lead in initiating the writing of this article
EFFECT OF CULTIVATED PASTURE AND INTENSIVE FATTENING ON CARCASS TRAITS AND MEAT QUALITY OF AWASSI LAMBS
Full text linkThe study aimed to evaluate the carcass trait, meat quality and fatty acid profile of Awassi lambs under cultivated pasture fattening with a concentrated feed (CPF) and intensive fattening (IF) system. A total of 76 male Awassi lambs ( 36 lambs in the CPF group and 40 in the IF group, 85 days average age) were distributed in complete random design into two experimental groups. The final body weight was lower, but the average daily gain was higher for the lambs on the CPF compared to the lambs on the IF system. There were no significant differences (p>0.05) between CPF and IF system for dressing percentage (50.31 and 51.51%) and shrinkage loss (3.45 and 2.50%), pelvic limb (34.9 and 30.3%), thoracic limb (20.8 and 18.3%), flank (9.4 and 7.6%), neck (4.4 and 5.9%), and LTL section area (15.6 and 13.0 cm(2)), except for ribs (25.0 and 33.7%), which were higher in the intensive system. Also, meat pH and color value were not changed by the fattening systems. The fatty acid profile of the longissimus thoracis et lumborum muscles was assessed. The significant differences between groups were noted in margaric (1.00 and 1.80), heptadecenoic (0.51 and 0.99), eicosenoic (80.14 and 0.20), and linolenic fatty acids (0.21 and 0,19). In conclusion, the results of this study imply that carcass traits and meat quality were similar between CPF and IF systems in Awassi male lambs.Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkiye (TUBITAK) [3190550]This research was supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkiye (TUBITAK, Project Number: 3190550)
The investigation of SNP in SOCS2 gene and its effect on milk yield, fat, protein, and somatic cell count in Awassi ewes
Full text linkBackground Livestock farmers face financial losses every year because milk yield and components are severely affected by udder diseases. These udder infections attract the immune response from the host and lead to the influx of neutrophils into milk to fight infection and thus the number of somatic cell count (SCC) is increased. The SCC value of milk could be used as an important indicator in detecting clinical mastitis in dairy animals. Also, the milk yield and milk quality (e.g. fat) are negatively affected by the increased SCC. The SCC is used to estimate the somatic cell score (SCS)of the milk, which is used as an indirect measure to detect subclinical mastitis. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the presence of a significant SNP rs868996547, on the suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 gene (SOCS2) which is related to milk yield and milk quality in Awassi sheep. Methods In this study, milk production data was obtained from 210 healthy Awassi ewes with different parties and ages. The general linear model (GLM) process analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine fixed effects on milk traits. The DNA extraction was done using a blood DNA extraction kit from Qiagen. To validate the presence of SNP a customized SNP detection developed by Thermofisher Scientific was used. The presence of the SNP in the SOCS2 gene was detected with genotypes (C/T, T/T, and C/C) and T being the mutated allele and it had a significant (p 0.05). Conclusion Our result showed the increase in SCC or SCS of the milk significantly affected the milk yield and composition. Parity and age had significant effects on ewes' milk yield (p < 0.001). In conclusion, we investigated the presence of SOCS2 gene of Awassi ewes in the study flock and its effect on milk yield, fat, and somatic cell count, and the change in milk composition and milk yield because of SCC.BAP funding Commission of Nigde OEmer Halidemir UniversityThe research was funded by the BAP funding Commission of Nigde OEmer Halidemir University
Effect of water saturation on Cerchar abrasivity index (CAI) of clay-rich rocks at different scratch lengths
Full text linkPredicting the cutter consumption rate of mechanical excavators using the Cerchar abrasivity index (CAI) results is possible. However, changing operational parameters in the field may cause differences between the estimated cutter consumption rate based on CAI test results and the real cutter consumption rate observed in the field. One of the essential parameters in the field that affects the cutter consumption rate is the increase in the water content of the excavated rocks. In theory, an increase in the water content of rocks is expected to reduce their abrasivity. In addition, the prediction of cutter consumption rate is based solely on CAI test results conducted on dry surfaces. However, especially during the excavation of low-strength clay-rich rocks, the excavated rock material can adhere to the cutters and block them, leading to a higher cutter consumption rate than initially predicted. This study aims to analyze the rock-pin interaction in CAI tests conducted on wet surfaces of clay-rich rocks and investigate the effect of water saturation on CAI at different scratch lengths. CAI tests were conducted on dry and wet surfaces of 20 clay-rich rocks with low strength at 10, 30, 50, and 70 mm scratch lengths, respectively. The relationships between the CAI test results obtained on dry and saturated rock surfaces were statistically analyzed for each scratch length. A positive linear correlation was found between CAI values obtained on dry (CAIDry) and saturated surfaces (CAISat) at each scratch length. The percentage variations in CAI values at each scratch length were analyzed in detail. It was found that 90 % of samples have higher CAIDry than CAISat at 10 mm scratch length. However, it was observed that as the scratch length increased, the relationship between the CAI values obtained in dry and saturated conditions changed, and the proportion of samples with CAIDry higher than CAISat decreased to 65 %, 55 %, and 25 % at scratch lengths of 30 mm, 50 mm, and 70 mm, respectively. In CAI tests conducted on saturated surfaces, it was observed that the excavated rock material adhered to the test pins, and as the scratch length increased, the increase in CAISat values was considered to be due to this situation. This study revealed the importance of considering the adhesion potential of rocks to cutters at water-saturated conditions for the accurate prediction of cutter consumption in the excavation of clay-rich rocks.Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) [120M145]; TUBITAKA part of this study was supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK 120M145) . The authors are grateful for the support of TUBITAK
Amanita vidua: A new record for Turkish Amanita Section Phalloideae based on morphological and molecular data
Full text linkIn the present study, fungal specimens collected from Ye & scedil;ildere village in U & scedil;ak province, T & uuml;rkiye were evaluated. The specimens underwent detailed examination through both morphological and DNA (nrITS rDNA region and TEF1a gene) sequence -based phylogenetic analysis. Based on the evaluation of micro- and macromorphological characteristics, and phylogenetic analyses, the specimen was identified as A. vidua Gasch, G. Moreno & P. A. Moreau. This identification marks A. vidua as a new record for the Turkish Amanita section Phalloideae. The study described this newly recorded species, including specific details such as its location, habitat observations, geographical coordinates, collection date, and photographs showcasing its macro and micromorphological features. Additionally, it also includes illustrations of some microscopic structures of the species. The study is further enriched with SEM images, offering a detailed view of the species characteristics, and the findings are briefly discussed