National Museum of Ethnology

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    6465 research outputs found

    Methods of Collective Hunting for Large Ungulates among Tribes of Northern Asia in Archaeology and Ethnography

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    Socio-economic Changes among the Mlabri in Thailand

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    Displacement as Experienced by the Orang Rimba Hunter-gatherers

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    Présentation

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    L’alphabet touareg et ses réformateurs : l’aveuglement des militants

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    Analysis of Imagery in Regional Communities : For Visual Records of Daily Lives, What Do Residents and Researchers Include and Exclude?<Special Theme : Future of Academic Activities Opened with Digital Image Databases>

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    本論は地域住民が撮影した,あるいは,地域住民が写された映像を発掘・収 集し研究してきた映像メディア研究の立場から,地域住民が撮影した・写され た映像と研究者の映像とを比較する。住民と研究者は映像制作において共に専 門家ではないが,地域のコミュニティにおいて住民はインサイダー,研究者は アウトサイダーと言う異なる立場に分かれる。村の日常生活を生きている住民 と,それを観察する研究者は,同じ現実を前にして,撮りたいと思うもの,あ るいは撮る必要があると思うものは違う。映像をどう利用しているかの違いが そこにはある。住民と研究者がそれぞれ何に注目し,何を見落とすことになる のか,お互いの違いを分析し,どうおぎなえるかを考え,さらには,映像を データベース化するにあたって,何を考慮すべきかを検討する。This paper analyzes still and moving images that local people have made or in which local people are displayed, in comparison to those academic researchers made, from the viewpoint of visual media studies during which researchers have tried to discover and collect, to the greatest degree possible, photographs related to local people. Although neither local people nor researchers are professional visual producers, the former are insiders of local communities, i.e. those who know everyday life there, whereas the latter are outsiders who merely observe them. This difference causes the two parties’ differences in what they want to record and what they need to record in the same reality. Therefore they use visual media in different ways. To what do the local people and researchers devote attention? What do they ignore? By analyzing differences and reflecting on how to supplement what each lacks, the author discusses what to consider in researchers’ building of databases.departmental bulletin pape

    Effects of the Semantic and Morphological Factors on Word Order in Simple Transitive Clauses in Three Asian Sign Languages

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    Symposion of Universalists : Anagarika Dharmapala and Theosophy

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    小論は,スリランカ(セイロン)の仏教改革者アナガーリカ・ダルマパーラ における神智主義の影響に関する人類学的系譜学的研究である。ダルマパーラ は4 度日本を訪れ,仏教界の統合を訴えるとともに,明治維新以降の目覚まし い経済・技術発展にとりわけ大きな関心を抱き,その成果をセイロンに持ち帰 ろうとした。実際,帰国後セイロンで職業学校などを創設して,母国の経済・ 技術発展に貢献しようとした。そこには,同じく伝統主義者としてふるまった マハートマ・ガンディーと同様に,根本的に近代主義者としての性格が見えて いる。ところで,一連のダルマパーラの活動の手助けをしたのは,神智協会の メンバーであったこと,さらには生涯を通じて神智主義,神智協会の影響が決 定的に重要であったことは,これまでそれほど深くは論じられてこなかった。 しかし,ケンパーが言うようにダルマパーラにおける神智主義が世上考えられ ているよりはるかにその影響が決定的であったことは否定すべくもない。さら に,神智協会が母体となってセイロンに創設された仏教神智協会は,ダルマ パーラの大菩提会とは仇敵のような立場ではあったが,ともに仏教ナショナリ ズムを強硬に主張した点では共通していた。仏教神智協会には,S.W.R.D. バ ンダーラナーヤカ,ダッドリー・セーナーナーヤカ,J.R. ジャヤワルダナな ど,長く独立セイロン,スリランカを支えた指導者が集まっていた。その後の 過激派集団JVP への影響も含めて,神智主義の普遍宗教理念が,逆に生み出 したさまざまな分断線は,現在まで混乱を招いている。同じように,インド・ パキスタン分離を避けられなかったマハートマ・ガンディーとともに,神智主 義,秘教思想を媒介にしたその「普遍主義」の功罪について,その責めを問う というよりは,たとえそれが意図せざる帰結ではあっても,その背景,関係 性,経緯などを解きほぐす系譜学的研究に委ねて,問い直されるべき立場にあ る。This anthropological, genealogical study examines Sinhala Buddhist nationalism in Sri Lanka after the influence of Anagarika Dharmapala (1864–1933), an internationally reputed, Buddhist reformist and Sinhala nationalist of Ceylon. During his life, which was devoted entirely to the propagation of Buddhism and militant Sinhala-Arya Buddhist nationalism, he visited Japan four times, 1889, 1893, 1902, and 1913. The connection between Japan and Dharmapala was established through the Theosophical Society, founded in 1875 in New York, later shifted to Madras in 1879. As Dr. Stephen Kemper rightly pointed out, Dharmapala was much more deeply influenced by theosophy than scholarly accounts have averred. His family was devoutly Buddhist and Theosophist. At the age of 16, Dharmapala first met co-founders of the Theosophical Society, “Madame” Blavatsky and ‘Colonel’ Olcott, in Colombo in 1880. He joined the Society in 1884, and left for Madras to assist the work of Blavatsky and Olcott. However, tensions arose in his relationship with the Society, particularly with Olcott, mainly because of his progressive identification with the Buddhist cause after foundation of the Maha Bodhi Society in 1891. Although Dharmapala had great sympathy for Japan, he did not later make much headway in Japan. The main reason underpinning the failure of Dharmapala’s project for a unified Buddhist mission in Japan based on the cooperation of all the Buddhist sects was the Mahayana–Theravada schism and severe sectarian conflicts. As a modernist, he was concerned about Japanese economic and technological development after the Meiji Revolution as well as Buddhist revivalist and reformist. Dharmapala founded the Hewavitarana Industrial Centre as the first industrial training school in the country. His idea was a fusion of modern technology and economic development with traditional Theravada Buddhist values. Both Anagarika Dharmapala and Mahatma Gandhi (1869–1948) were from merchant background families of South Asia under British colonial rule. As elite nationalists, they held paradoxical beliefs about British and Western modernism with traditional religious universalism based on traditional Hindu and Buddhist ideas.departmental bulletin pape

    Vietnam-Australia Relationships in Chinese Nùng Places of Worship

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