11615 research outputs found
Sort by
Dem Täuschen auf der Spur: Eine Untersuchung des Konfliktmonitorings als neurokognitive Grundlage des Täuschens in einem sozialen Kontext
Get PDFTäuschung ist ein kontextübergreifendes Phänomen menschlicher Interaktion, dessen zugrundeliegenden Prozesse bislang nur unzureichend verstanden sind. Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht das Konfliktmonitoring, operationalisiert über die fronto-zentrale N2-Komponente des ereigniskorrelierten Potentials (EKP) im Elektroenzephalogramm, als neurokognitive Grundlage täuschenden Verhaltens in einem sozialen Kontext. Dazu wird der Einfluss dreier Persönlichkeitseigenschaften (Sensitivität des Behavioral Inhibition Systems, Kognitive Anstrengung, Antizipation negativer Konsequenzen) auf die Intensität des Konfliktmonitorings geprüft. Ein weiterer Fokus liegt auf der Identifikation methodischer Parameter, die eine exzellente Reliabilität der N2-Amplitude gewährleisten. Zur Untersuchung des Täuschens in einem sozialen Kontext wurden Täuschungsaufgaben eingesetzt, in denen präsentierte Gesichter per Tastendruck wahrheitsgemäß oder täuschend hinsichtlich ihrer Vertrauenswürdigkeit bewertet wurden. Es zeigten sich negativere N2-Amplituden nach unvertrauenswürdigen verglichen mit vertrauenswürdigen Stimuli unabhängig vom Wahrheitsbezug. Es wurde kein Einfluss der Persönlichkeitsmerkmale auf die Intensität des Konfliktmonitorings gefunden. Eine integrative Betrachtung der Studienergebnisse deutet auf eine Sensibilität der N2-Amplitude für den negativen affektiven Gehalt unvertrauenswürdiger Gesichter hin und eröffnet Diskussionspotential für mit dem Konfliktmonitoring konkurrierende kognitive Prozesse. Zugleich leistet diese Arbeit einen substanziellen methodischen Beitrag durch die Formulierung konkreter Empfehlungen für zukünftige EKP-Studien im Bereich der Täuschungsforschung.Deception is a phenomenon that occurs across many forms of human interaction, and its underlying processes are still insufficiently understood. The present work investigates conflict monitoring – operationalized via the fronto-central N2 component of the event-related potential (ERP) in the electroencephalogram – as a neurocognitive basis of deception in a social context. Therefore, the influence of three personality traits (sensitivity of the Behavioral Inhibition System, cognitive demand, anticipation of negative consequences) on the intensity of conflict monitoring is examined. Another focus lies on identifying methodological parameters that contribute to excellent reliability of the N2 amplitude. To investigate deception in a social context, deception tasks were used in which presented faces were either truthfully or deceptively indicated as trustworthy or untrustworthy via button press. The results showed more negative N2 amplitudes following untrustworthy compared to trustworthy stimuli, independent of the truthfulness of the response. None of the personality traits showed an effect on the intensity of conflict monitoring. An integrative consideration of the study results suggests that the N2 amplitude may be sensitive to the negative affective content of untrustworthy faces and provides a basis for discussing cognitive processes that compete with conflict monitoring during deception. Moreover, this work makes a substantial methodological contribution by providing concrete recommendations for future ERP studies in the field of deception research
Pestizide und ihre Transformationsprodukte in stehenden Kleingewässern: Einfluss von Hydrologie, Stoffeigenschaften und Bewirtschaftung
Get PDFLentic small water bodies (LSWBs) such as kettle holes and ponds are common landscape features in agricultural regions and, despite their small size, perform important ecosystem functions, for example in terms of biodiversity, groundwater recharge, and the retention of pollutants. However, due to their location in intensively farmed arable land, they are particularly susceptible to inputs of pesticides and their transformation products (TP), but have so far been insufficiently considered in legislation and monitoring. The aim of this dissertation is to comprehensively record the dynamics of pesticides and TPs in and around LSWBs. The focus is on the water balance and its seasonal variability, the function of adjacent soils as storage and sources, the relevant transport pathways, and the relationship between pollution and current land management. The basis for this is high-resolution, multi-year monitoring at two LSWBs in the North German lowlands. Surface water, soil, groundwater, and drainage inflows were sampled, supplemented by tracer experiments, soil analyses, and the collection of application data. The results show that shallow groundwater and, in one case, a drainage contribute significantly to the water and material balance of the LSWBs. Mobile TPs are predominantly transferred to deeper soil layers, groundwater, and the LSWBs, while more sorptive substances remain in the upper soil layers and are persistent over long periods of time. Both short-term pollution peaks and long-lasting concentrations occur in the LSWBs, which cannot be explained by current applications alone and indicate an interaction between recent inputs, mobilized residues, and groundwater transport. The work deepens the understanding of pesticide dynamics in LSWBs and underscores the need for holistic environmental monitoring as a basis for effective protection measures for small aquatic ecosystems in agricultural landscapes
Die Rolle der funktionellen Vielfalt von Pflanzen für die Produktivität und die organischen Kohlenstoffvorräte in bewirtschafteten Graslandschaften: Fortschritte unter Verwendung eines dynamischen globalen Vegetationsmodells
Get PDFManaged grasslands occupy a substantial share of the terrestrial area across different climates and contribute to many people’s livelihoods and food security through ruminant meat and dairy production. The productivity — and in turn the livestock carrying capacity — of managed grasslands depends on climatic conditions and management and plant functional diversity. While plant functional diversity is shaped by climatic conditions and management, it also plays a direct role in the productivity of managed grasslands. While functional diversity has been incorporated into computer models at small spatial scales, at the global scale such a representation has been missing. However, global-scale models such as dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs) are widely used to assess the impacts of climate change on vegetation, and enabling DGVMs to simulate the role of functional diversity is crucial for improving projections of ecosystem services. Therefore, the main objectives of this thesis were to: (1) identify important areas of model development needed to represent functional diversity in managed grasslands in DGVMs, (2) implement the necessary changes and (3) to assess the role of functional diversity in grassland productivity and soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks at the local and global scale and under climate change. This thesis introduces a novel approach to simulate the functional diversity of managed grasslands in DGVMs, which is crucial for improving projections of managed grassland ecosystem services under climate change. The results demonstrate that functional diversity contributes to managed grassland productivity and SOC stocks. While field experiments have already established this relationship, simulating the role of functional diversity at a global scale offers a new perspective for disentangling the complex interactions between climatic conditions, management and functional diversity in managed grasslands
Die Rolle der Palmitoylierungsstelle der A Disintegrin And Metalloprotease 10 (ADAM10)
No full textThe A Disintegrin and Metalloprotease 10 (ADAM10) has been recognized as a pivotal player in various (patho)physiological processes, encompassing neurodevelopment and diseases like Alzheimer's disease and cancer. Despite considerable knowledge about ADAM10's functions, investigations into its regulation remain limited. One aspect of interest is ADAM10's potential palmitoylation, a reversible posttranslational modification occurring on cysteine residues of proteins. In the present work, the significance of ADAM10's palmitoylation on its function and biochemistry was elucidated. Through techniques like acyl-resin capture assays, the palmitoylation of ADAM10 was confirmed. Interestingly, palmitoylation did not affect ADAM10 expression levels but possibly influenced its transport to the cell surface, where a palmitoylation-deficient mutant was labelled less. Further, the study provides evidence for a link between ADAM10 autoproteolysis and palmitoylation since impairment of either process led to altered generation of ADAM10's c-terminal fragment. This finding supports the conclusion that ADAM10's palmitoylation is important for its autoproteolytic activity. Investigations into ADAM10's shedding activity revealed potential effects of palmitoylation on the cleavage of distinct substrates. While the shedding of APP was reduced in cells expressing the palmitoylation deficient ADAM10 mutant, no significant impact was observed for N-cadherin shedding. Additionally, the study explored ADAM10's interactions with proteins like SAP-97 and AP-2, known regulators of ADAM10, with preliminary results suggesting potentially altered binding affinity due to palmitoylation. In conclusion, ADAM10 is S-palmitoylated. This palmitoylation seems to promote its expression at the cell surface and the generation of ADAM10 C-terminal fragments. Additionally, the palmitoylation may modulate the shedding of distinct substrates such as APP
Controlling Reactivity and Regioselectivity in Nondirected Palladium-Catalyzed C(sp²)–H Activation
Get PDFThis doctoral work deals with nondirected activation and functionalization of unreactive aromatic C–H bonds using dual ligand-based palladium catalysts. In the first part, an efficient yet underexplored multi-substrate screening strategy is described for the first time in C–H activation and hydrogen isotope exchange (HIE) catalysis. This approach rapidly identified efficient catalyst systems and optimal conditions for diverse heteroarenes with minimal experimental work. Using D2O as a cost-effective deuterium source, the method showed broad functional group tolerance and enabled labeling of bioactive molecules. The second part focuses on the nondirected C–H alkylation of arenes to access β-aryl carbonyl compounds via a Pd(II)/Pd(0) cycle. Two complementary semi-optimized conditions were identified, one providing the highest activity and the other improved steric control of regioselectivity. Although chemoselectivity was improved, mechanistic studies revealed that a major side product inhibited catalytic turnover, preventing further enhancement in efficiency. The third part presents a strategy for the regioselective installation of carboxyl and formyl groups that complements classical SEAr-based methods. A novel dual ligand-based palladium catalyst enabled sterically controlled nondirected arene C–H olefination, followed by oxidative cleavage to furnish carboxylic acids and aldehydes. This approach provided access to sterically favored regioisomers otherwise difficult to obtain, in good yields with broad functional group tolerance and applicability to bioactive molecules
Anhang zu Südschleswigdänisch: Eine strukturelle Bestandsaufnahme aus dialektologischer Perspektive
Get PDFDer Anhang enthält ergänzende Materialien zur Disseration Südschleswigdänisch. Eine strukturelle Bestandsaufnahme aus dialektologischer Perspektive, die für die detaillierte Analyse der Ergebnisse relevant sind.The appendix contains supplements to the dissertation Südschleswigdänisch. Eine strukturelle Bestandsaufnahme aus dialektologischer Perspektive (South Schleswig Danish. A Structural Inventory from a Dialectological Perspective), which are relevant for the detailed analysis of the results.Bilaget indeholder supplerende materiale til afhandlingen Südschleswigdänisch. Eine strukturelle Bestandsaufnahme aus dialektologischer Perspektive (Sydslesvigsk dansk. En strukturel kortlægning ud fra et dialektologisk perspektiv), som er relevant for den detaljerede analyse af resultaterne
Miniaturized ΔE-Effect Magnetic Field Sensors
Get PDFMagnetic field sensors based on the ΔE-effect have emerged as promising candidates for detecting weak, low-frequency magnetic fields in biomedical applications. The ΔE-effect arises from the magnetic-field-dependent variation in the elastic modulus of magnetostrictive materials. When such a material is mechanically coupled to a piezoelectric layer and driven at resonance, external magnetic fields modulate the stiffness tensor, leading to measurable shifts in the sensor’s resonance frequency. Despite their advantages, cantilever-type macroscopic ΔE-effect sensors face limitations, including poor scalability, limited integration with microelectronics, and low reproducibility. This thesis presents a comprehensive investigation into the design, fabrication, characterization, and optimization of miniaturized ΔE-effect sensors. A double-wing microresonator design is introduced to suppress anchor-induced magnetic inhomogeneities, and a shadow-mask-based post-release deposition technique is implemented to mitigate residual stress typically introduced during fabrication. This approach significantly improves reproducibility. The frequency response and sensitivities are studied across multiple resonance modes. The performance of the sensors is explored through a detailed signal and noise analysis under varying measurement conditions. To generalize the findings from individual sensor analyses, a statistical study across a wide range of sensor geometries is conducted. Finally, strategies to further enhance sensor performance are explored, including multilayer magnetic films, exchange-biased and hard-biased configurations, magnetic flux concentrators, and sensor arrays. These concepts provide pathways to achieving bias-free operation, reduced magnetic noise, and enhanced sensitivity, paving the way for next-generation miniaturized ΔE-effect magnetic field sensors tailored to specific biomedical applications
KI als Diskurspartner im Deutschunterricht: Ein Unterrichtsversuch zur Förderung der argumentativen Schreibkompetenz am Beispiel des Romans Die Welle
Get PDFDie vorliegende Masterarbeit untersucht das Potenzial generativer Künstlicher Intelligenz zur Förderung argumentativer Schreibkompetenz im Deutschunterricht. Im Zentrum steht ein Unterrichtsversuch, bei dem Schüler:innen der Jahrgangsstufe 9 mit einer KI über kontroverse Themen aus Morton Rhues Jugendroman Die Welle diskutierten. Ausgangspunkt ist die Annahme, dass KI-gestützte Schreibdialoge neue Möglichkeiten der Reflexion, sowie der Perspektivübernahme und sprachlichen Präzision eröffnen. Die Analyse basiert auf der qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse nach Mayring und berücksichtigt theoretische Modelle des Schreibens (Hayes & Flower), des Argumentierens (Toulmin, Winkler, Pohl) und der Textprozeduren (Feilke, Rezat). Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass KI-gestützte Diskurse insbesondere die Fähigkeit zur Begründung und zur Auseinandersetzung mit Gegenargumenten fördern können. Zugleich verdeutlichen sie Grenzen hinsichtlich der Tiefenstruktur und Authentizität maschinischer Beiträge. Die Arbeit schließt mit didaktischen Implikationen, die auf eine reflektierte Integration von KI als Diskurspartner im Schreibunterricht abzielen. Ziel ist es, Lernende zu einem kritisch-produktiven Umgang mit KI-Systemen zu befähigen und Schreibprozesse stärker dialogisch und metakognitiv auszurichten.This thesis explores the potential of generative Artificial Intelligence to foster argumentative writing competence in German language education. The study is based on a teaching experiment in a ninth-grade class, where students discussed controversial topics from Morton Rhue’s novel The Wave with an AI-System. The underlying assumption is that AI-supported writing dialogues can promote reflection, perspective-taking, and linguistic precision. Using qualitative content analysis (Mayring), the research draws on theoretical models of writing (Hayes & Flower), argumentation (Toulmin, Winkler, Pohl), and text procedures (Feilke, Rezat). The findings indicate that AI interaction enhances students’ ability to justify arguments and address counterpositions, while limitations remain regarding depth and authenticity of AI responses. The thesis concludes with didactic implications for the deliberate and critical integration of AI as a discursive partner in writing instruction. It emphasizes empowering students to engage reflectively with AI and to develop writing processes that are both dialogical and metacognitively grounded
Acoustic Insect Detection: exploring the potential of deep learning methods applied to airborne insect sound signals as a means of connecting digital systems to the world of insects
Get PDFAcoustic insect recognition could become a key component of future digital insect monitoring systems. Such tools are urgently needed to advance the digitalization of crop protection in horticulture and agriculture, as well as to support ecological monitoring. However, a major obstacle remains the lack of suitable digital insect sensors. Only if digital systems can directly assess the state of insect populations will they unlock their full potential for improving sustainability in food production and research efficiency. The main goal of this cumulative dissertation was to investigate the potential of microphone-based (airborne sound) acoustic insect recognition as a viable solution for future digital insect detection. A scalable and reproducible method for generating insect sound data was developed through the design and testing of an anechoic box, the selection of appropriate recording hardware, and the systematic planning of experimental setups and recording sessions. This approach led to the creation of the InsectSound1000 dataset. Experiments on a subset of this dataset suggest that modern deep learning models can identify insects even from low-level sounds caused by non-flight movements. Simulations with environmental noise further revealed that spatial noise filtering through beamforming can enhance model robustness. A comparison of low- and high-end microphones highlighted a technological gap in available recording hardware. Overall, this work demonstrates both the potential and the limitations of airborne acoustic signal processing for insect recognition. While louder insects can be detected with high accuracy under quiet conditions, small and silent species, as well as noisy conditions, remain challenging. Future research should focus on the development of specialized insect microphones and on sensor fusion approaches combining microphone arrays with other modalities, such as cameras, to overcome current limitations
Sociolinguistic and multimodal variation of turn-taking dynamics in conversation
Get PDFTurn-taking refers to the process by which interlocutors alternate between speakership and listenership in conversation. While across languages a tendency has been observed to keep silent gaps and speech overlaps reduced to a minimum in the timing of the alternation between interlocutors gaps and overlaps are not at all absent from everyday spontaneous interaction. This thesis explores the hypothesis that these perceived deviations from a possible universal turn-taking system have a socio-cultural and contextual nature. Since informal conversation is the prime social environment for identity construction and language use, turn-taking dynamics, i.e., turn allocation techniques and the distribution and timing of turn-taking actions among interlocutors, can reveal information about the interaction's setting and the interlocutors' socio-cultural identity, attitudes and values. Specifically, this dissertation investigates the dynamics of turn-taking in spontaneous face-to-face conversation by focusing on the influence of the gender of the interlocutors, the availability of multiple communication modalities (visual and vocal), and the language in which the exchange takes place through a comparison of German and Swedish. The findings indicate strong links between how acoustic turn-taking cues are used to manage conversations and the gender of both the speaker and listener. Moreover, the cross-linguistic analysis sheds light on language-specific variations in listeners' multimodal behavior and gender-specific patterns across languages. Finally, despite their similarities, the comparison of German and Swedish reveals significant differences in how turn-taking is implemented by interlocutors in the two languages, indicating that turn-taking dynamics are highly sensitive to variations in the linguistic and sociolinguistic background of the speakers