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Kleider machen Leute. Die Bekleidung der römischen Frau von den Anfängen bis zum Ende des zweiten Jahrhunderts nach Christus
Get PDFDer Beitrag untersucht die Bekleidung römischer Frauen von den Anfängen bis zum Ende des 2. Jahrhunderts n. Chr. Kleidung wird dabei als kulturelles Phänomen verstanden, das soziale Distinktionen sichtbar macht und historische Wandlungsprozesse spiegelt. Auf Basis literarischer Quellen und archäologischer Zeugnisse wird eine quellenkritische Rekonstruktion vorgenommen, die zeigt, wie Begriffe und Darstellungen zusammenzuführen sind, um ein verlässliches Bild zu gewinnen. Die Analyse verdeutlicht nicht nur die materielle Vielfalt der Kleidungsstücke – von Tunika, Mantel und stola über Accessoires bis hin zu Schuhwerk –, sondern auch deren soziale und symbolische Bedeutung, etwa als Statuszeichen für Matronen oder Prostituierte. Im Verlauf der römischen Geschichte wird ein Prozess der Internationalisierung sichtbar, geprägt von etruskischen Ursprüngen, griechischen Einflüssen und modischen Innovationen, der unter Augustus durch kulturpolitische Maßnahmen bewusst gesteuert, aber nur begrenzt wirksam war. Kleidung erweist sich so als Schlüssel zur Erforschung antiker Identitätskonstruktionen, sozialer Differenzierung und kultureller Dynamik.This article explores women’s dress in Rome from the early period to the end of the 2nd century AD. Clothing is approached as a cultural phenomenon reflecting social distinctions and broader historical transformations. Drawing on literary sources and archaeological evidence, the study applies a critical source analysis to reconcile terminology with depictions in order to reconstruct a reliable picture. The findings reveal both the material diversity of garments—such as tunic, mantle, and stola, as well as accessories and footwear—and their social and symbolic functions, from markers of matronly status to signs associated with prostitutes. Over time, Roman women’s dress underwent a process of “internationalization,” shaped by Etruscan roots, Greek influences, and fashion trends, which Augustus sought to regulate through cultural policy but with limited practical effect. Dress thus emerges as a key to understanding identity, social differentiation, and cultural dynamics in Roman antiquity
Approximation and Parameterized Algorithms for Scheduling Problems
Get PDFIn this thesis, we give new algorithmic results for NP-hard scheduling problems in the fields of approximation and parameterization. In the first part, we give constant-factor approximation algorithms for two scheduling problems, known as Coupled Task Scheduling and Preemptive Batch Scheduling. In the second part, we exclusively look at the problem of Scheduling on Uniform Machines, but with different objective functions, in different input settings (offline and online) and from different angles (parameterization and approximation)
Impacts of the Xisha topography on the far-field internal solitary waves
Get PDFXisha sea area features rough bathymetry and complex hydrological environment, acting as an important baroclinic source and sink in the northwestern South China Sea. To investigate the impacts of Xisha topography on the local generation of internal solitary waves (ISWs) and on the propagation of the far-field ISWs, an idealized 2D non-hydrostatic model ORCTM with a very-high resolution was employed to reveal the mechanisms. The result of this study shows that the shallow-water sill of the Xisha Islands, i.e., seamount Panshi-Yu, can generate first- and second-mode ISWs through the internal tidal beam mechanism, as well as second-mode ISWs via the lee-wave mechanism. As is reported previously, Zhongsha Islands could be a far-field source for ISWs in the Xisha sea area. While approaching the shallow-water sill of the Xisha Islands, those far-field first-mode ISWs undergo amplitude reduction and significant phase shift because of their collision with local generated ISWs in the Xisha sea area, while their phase speed increases and decreases due to the increase and decrease of the water depth, respectively. Finally, the far-field ISWs convert into second-mode convex ISWs over the shallow-water sill of the Xisha Islands. This study suggests that rough topography is crucial in the formation of the complicated multimodal internal wave field in the Xisha sea area
"Ready for Landing"-study protocol for the evaluation of a brief sleep hygiene group intervention for youth with psychiatric disorders
Get PDFMany children and adolescents with psychiatric disorders struggle with sleep problems that oftentimes stay unaddressed in therapeutic settings due to limited resources. Still, there is evidence that improving insufficient sleep positively affects mental health recovery. Addressing an adequate sleep hygiene is named to be the first line of treatment when it comes to unspecific sleep problems. The present study aims to evaluate the efficacy of a brief sleep hygiene group intervention for children and adolescents with psychiatric disorders named "Ready for Landing." The intervention is designed to improve sleep quality and elongate sleep duration by explaining the process of falling asleep using the metaphor of an airplane landing. Elements of psychoeducation and cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia are combined. The study plans to investigate the efficacy of the intervention using a waitlist control design. A sample of children and adolescents (aged 10-18 years) that are undergoing treatment for psychiatric disorders in day treatment centers in Kiel and Rostock, Germany, will be included. Sleep quality is assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Sleep duration is assessed by using a sleep diary completed by the patients and as well using actigraphy as an objective measure. Analysis of variance will be used to detect treatment effects. Secondary outcomes include variables regarding sleepiness. If "Ready for Landing" proves to be efficacious the intervention has the potential to bridge the gap between frequent sleep problems in youth with mental health problems and limited resources to target those. Serving as an effective and economic tool, it could support mental healthcare professionals. It is a promising intervention to support the positive outcome of mental health treatments by improving sleep in children and adolescents
TLR4 rs2149356 Polymorphism in Periodontitis and End-Stage Renal Disease: An Exploratory Analysis in Egyptian Patients
Get PDFThis study explored the association of the TLR4 rs2149356 polymorphism with periodontal and renal parameters in Egyptian end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. Ninety-two patients with periodontitis were recruited, forty-six on hemodialysis, and forty-six systemically healthy controls. Clinical periodontal indices, renal biomarkers, and gGenotyping for TLR4 rs2149356 were assessed. Gingival inflammation was significantly higher in ESRD patients across all genotypes. Although the TT genotype showed a trend toward deeper probing depths and greater attachment loss in ESRD patients, these differences did not reach statistical significance after correction. Regression models indicated that TT carriers exhibited higher inflammatory and renal burden, suggesting a potential gene-environment interaction. TLR4 rs2149356 polymorphism may modulate inflammatory response in ESRD and periodontitis patients, although findings remain exploratory. These results highlight the potential role of host-microbe-gene interactions in systemic inflammation, warranting longitudinal and functional studies in larger, multi-ethnic cohorts
Comparison of Conventional Root Tip Resection with Digitally Guided Resection-An In Vitro Study
Get PDFBackground/Objectives: In oral and maxillofacial surgery, apicoectomy is a standard procedure for treating persistent periapical infections after insufficient conservative treatment. Traditional techniques rely on direct visualization, while navigated methods offer advantages in precision and safety. This in vitro study compared conventional apicoectomy with dynamically guided navigation. The aim was to assess the feasibility, accuracy, and safety of dynamic navigation and to determine whether it reduces complication risks, improves surgical predictability, and minimizes bone loss. Methods: Ten experienced surgeons performed both techniques on custom-designed models. Operation time was assessed, as well as cavity volume, resected root length, incision width and height, and preservation of adjacent structures. Results: The navigated approach demonstrated significantly improved accuracy in root-end resection, with a reduction in access cavity volume (p 0.05). The risk of damaging adjacent structures was not significantly different between the two methods. Conclusions: Dynamic navigation for apicoectomy can offer an alternative in cases requiring high precision to conventional techniques. However, the routine clinical implementation of dynamic navigation remains limited due to the extensive preoperative planning required. The necessity for additional planning increases complexity, time, and cost
Building Rural Resilience Through a Neo-Endogenous Approach in China: Unraveling the Metamorphosis of Jianta Village
Get PDFRural resilience building has gained increasing scholarly attention, yet existing literature overlooks the temporal dynamics of resilience evolution and lacks an integrative framework to explain cross-level mechanisms. This paper uses a longitudinal case study to explore how rural resilience transitions from a low-equilibrium to a high-equilibrium state and how neo-endogenous practices emerge in a weak institutional context. The study reveals three key findings. First, the village’s resilience evolved through three phases—institutional intervention, community capital activation, and resilience self-reinforcement—driven by co-evolutionary interactions between an enabling government and the rural community. This process is marked by chain effects of multidimensional community capital (e.g., cultural capital enhancing social capital) and overflow effects from resilience amplification (e.g., multi-scalar network). Second, exogenous resources and endogenous community capital are critical in the neo-endogenous model, but their synergy relies on vertical institutional interventions that foster horizontal networks and enhance communities’ resource absorption capacity. Third, the government enables resilience building by creating a support ecosystem that transitions from institutionally bundled resources to a higher-order composite space, facilitated by urban–rural interactions and community restructuring. [...] (3) it reconceptualizes the role of government as an “enabling government” that mediates local and extra-local resource interfaces, challenging the neo-endogenous theories’ neglect of institutional agency. These insights contribute to rural resilience scholarship through a complex adaptive systems lens and offer policy implications for synergistic urban-rural revitalization
Streptozotocin Causes Blood-Brain Barrier and Astrocytic Dysfunction In Vitro
Get PDFStreptozotocin (STZ) is an alkylating agent that has neurotoxic effects when injected into the cerebral ventricles (ICV) and also models many other features of Alzheimer's disease. However, the mechanisms of STZ neurotoxicity are not well understood. In this study, we hypothesized that some of the neurotoxic effects of STZ could be due to direct activities on brain endothelial cells and astrocytes, which are key in forming and supporting the functions of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), respectively. To test this hypothesis, we characterized the changes induced by STZ either in cultures of human-induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived brain endothelial-like cells (iBECs), which form an in vitro BBB model, or in primary human astrocytes. We found that STZ at a dosage of 5 mM caused a delayed reduction in the transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) of iBECs at 7-11 days post-treatment, indicating induction of BBB leakage. Additionally, we observed significant increases in albumin leakage across the monolayer, altered iBEC morphology, and reductions in tight junction proteins, suggesting that STZ causes BBB disruption. We further found that the BBB glucose transporter GLUT-1 was reduced in iBECs, as was the total number of iBECs. In astrocytes, the 5 mM dose of STZ reduced the GFAP signal and total number of cells, suggesting that STZ has anti-proliferative and/or toxic effects on astrocytes. Together, these data support that STZ's neurotoxic effects could be due, in part, to its direct toxic activities on brain endothelial cells and astrocytes
Bartholin Gland Carcinoma: A State-of-the-Art Review of Epidemiology, Histopathology, Molecular Testing, and Clinical Management
Get PDFBartholin gland carcinoma is a rare type of vulvar cancer that is often mistaken for a harmless cyst or infection, especially in women over 40. This can delay diagnosis and treatment. There are three main types—squamous cell, adenoid cystic, and adenocarcinoma—each behaving differently and needing specific tests to confirm. Some tumor types are linked to HPV, while others are not and may behave more aggressively. Due to its rarity, treatment is often guided by general vulvar cancer recommendations. Surgery is the mainstay, sometimes followed by radiation or chemotherapy. Advances in molecular medicine can improve diagnosis and guide newer treatments, like immunotherapy or targeted drugs. This review brings together all current knowledge about diagnosis and treatment of this rare cancer
Charakterisierung von Pankreaskarzinomzellen mit unterschiedlichen Stammzelleigenschaften in metastasierungs-assoziierten Prozessen
Get PDFDas duktale Pankreasadenokarzinom zählt zu den tödlichsten Tumorerkrankungen und ist durch späte Diagnosestellung, schlechtes Therapieansprechen und aggressive Metastasierung gekennzeichnet. Die Metastasierung erfolgt dabei über eine Kaskade von Ereignissen, in denen Migration und Adhäsion eine zentrale Rolle spielen. Darüber hinaus ist sie mit der epithelial-mesenchymalen Transition und Krebsstammzellen assoziiert. In Vorarbeiten unserer Arbeitsgruppe wurden die Zelllinien Panc1 und Panc89 sowie daraus generierte Subpopulationen hinsichtlich epithelialer, mesenchymaler und stammzellassoziierter Eigenschaften charakterisiert. Für die Panc1-Zellen zeigte sich ein mesenchymaler stammzellassoziierter Phänotyp, während die Panc89-Zellen epitheliale stammzellassozierte Merkmale aufwiesen. Ziel dieser Arbeit war die Untersuchung von Migration und Adhäsion an Lungendendothelzellen dieser Zellpopulationen. Das Migrationsverhalten wurde mittels Wundheilungsassays analysiert. Die Adhäsion wurde anhand der Adhärenz fluoreszenzmarkierter Tumorzellen an Lungenendothelien bestimmt. Epitheliale Panc89-Zellen migrierten signifikant stärker als mesenchymale Panc1-Zellen. Die Stammzellmarker hatten einen geringeren Einfluss auf das Migrationsverhalten. Ihrem epithelialen Charakter entsprechend migrierten die Panc89-Zellen in kollektiven Zellverbänden, während die mesenchymalen Panc1-Zellen einzeln migrierten. Die Adhäsion an Lungenendothelzellen war bei epithelialen Panc89-Zellen ebenfalls ausgeprägter, ohne klare Assoziation zum Stammzellstatus. Insgesamt weisen die Ergebnisse auf eine funktionelle Relevanz klonaler Heterogenität beim duktalen Pankreasadenokarzinom hin: Sowohl die Migration als auch die Adhäsion scheinen durch epithelial-mesenchymale Eigenschaften stärker beeinflusst zu werden als durch den Stammzellstatus