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Why Female Virtual Conversational Agents Exhibit Greater Social Presence: Insights From the Stereotype Content Model
Get PDFIn recent years, companies have increasingly adopted virtual conversational agents (VCAs) to interact with their consumers. A significant number of these agents are assigned to a specific gender, typically female, thereby reinforcing gender-related stereotypes. This work employs the stereotype content model (SCM), especially focusing on the two subdimensions sociability and morality, to investigate how the VCA's gender impacts social presence in two studies (Study 1: avatars; Study 2: chatbots). Both studies show an indirect effect of the VCA's gender (female) on social presence through sociability, but not through morality. Contrary to expectations, the indirect effect through sociability is significant for both male and female consumers. The findings indicate that the indirect effect is robust across different product categories (i.e., finance, fashion, holiday trip, and toothbrush) and types of VCAs (i.e., visual and verbal). This research demonstrates how established stereotype theories (i.e., SCM) can serve as a valuable framework for exploring human-machine communication. Moreover, the results provide a fundamental basis for addressing and reducing the persistence of gender stereotypes, initiating a more extensive discussion about the ethical considerations related to interactions between humans and technology
The Translation and Validation of the Children's Health Internet Research Parental Inventory (CHIRPI) in Greek: A Crucial Tool for Evaluating Parent Internet Use for Children's Health Information
Get PDFThe internet is now the primary mode of information exchange worldwide. Online health information-seeking behavior (e-HISB) has become a prevalent practice, especially among parents concerned with their children's health, creating both opportunities and risks. Objective: The present study aims to translate and culturally adapt the CHIRPI questionnaire into Greek and conduct a comprehensive psychometric validation, including analyses of internal consistency, test-retest reliability (temporal stability), and inter-rater reliability. The adapted tool is further pilot-tested for its utility in measuring parental internet use concerning child health information. Methods: The translation, validation, and pilot study of the questionnaire were conducted in accordance with internationally recommended procedures. CHIRPI was translated into Greek using forward-backward translation and was culturally adapted. A pilot sample of 105 parents (children aged 0-10) participated. The majority of participants were mothers (66.7%), aged 31-40 years, residing in urban areas, and they held tertiary or postgraduate degrees. Internal consistency was measured with Cronbach's alpha, test-retest reliability with the ICC, and inter-rater reliability with the kappa coefficient. Item responses were also analyzed in relation to demographic factors. Results: The CHIRPI Greek version demonstrated excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.91; all subscales had α values greater than 0.70). Test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.632-1.000) and inter-rater reliability (kappa = 0.615-1.000) indicated moderate [...]. Conclusions: The CHIRPI Greek version is a valid and reliable tool for assessing parental online health information-seeking behavior related to children's health among Greek-speaking populations. As the first standardized tool in Greek, it fills a critical methodological gap in eHealth research
Die Förderung von Climate Literacy im Unterricht: Das Professionswissen von Lehrkräften, Curriculares Material und Unterrichtsinhalte im Kontext von Climate Literacy
No full textClimate education is one way to meet the global challenges of climate change. Climate education can be integrated into the concept of education for sustainable development (ESD), but also into scientific literacy (SL). A climate specific notion of SL is the concept of climate literacy that embraces knowledge about the climate system and climate change, skills to achieve and evaluate climate change specific information and communication and attitudes towards counteracting climate change. This dissertation aims to investigate different strands of preconditions for successful climate education by three different studies. In study 1, a Delphi study an adequate compilation of climate education with respect to teaching content and teachers’ professional knowledge from an experts’ point of view was be developed. Secondly the current state of climate education implementation was investigated. Therefore study 2, a curricula analysis, investigated the contents and was of climate education topics within institutional requirements (curricula). Furthermore, study 3, a textbook analysis investigated current teaching practice as represented by textbooks that are used as daily classroom material. The dissertation indicates that the investigated strands of preconditions for climate education are rather congruent with respect to the science aspects of climate education including the climate system, causes of climate change and impacts to the natural environment. Yet, they diverge regarding the more social aspects of adaptation strategies, societal discussion and the level of individual or societal action. While experts suggest a broad coverage of e.g. climate science, argumentation, action levels or impacts on society, the analysed curricular materials fall short on these aspects. Hence, implications for teachers’ professional development as well as curricular development can be taken from the dissertation
Rezensionsteil aus der Zeitschrift Christiana Albertina 86.2025
Get PDFSammlung von Rezensionen zu folgenden Titeln: Katarzyna Balbuza, Hanna Kossak-Nowocień (Hg.): Moja Kilonia – Mój Poznań. Ze wspomnień pierwszych. Stypendystek i Stypendystów (Historyczek i Historyków) / Mein Kiel – mein Posen. Aus den Erinnerungen der ersten Stipendiat*innen (Historiker*innen). Stipendienaustausch zwischen der Adam Mickiewicz-Universität in Poznań und der Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel. Poznań: Verlag der Adam Mickiewicz-Universität, 2024 (ISBN 978-83-67284-55-4); Ole Petras (Hg.): Eugen Wolff. Ein Kieler Gelehrter zwischen Moderne und Heimatkunst. Hamburg: Wachholtz Verlag, 2024 (ISBN 978-3-529-08700-4); Oliver Auge: Landes- und Regionalgeschichte an der Universität Kiel. 100 Jahre für, mit und in Schleswig-Holstein. Baden-Baden: Georg Olms Verlag, 2024 (ISBN 978-3-4871-6733-6); Oliver Auge, Karen Bruhn (Hg.): Verdrängt und verschwiegen? Der Umgang mit der NS-Zeit an der Christiana Albertina (=Kieler Studien zur Universitäts- und Wissenschaftsgeschichte, Bd. 2). Kiel: Universitätsverlag, 2022 (eISBN: 978-3-928794-81-7).Collection of reviews on the following titles: Katarzyna Balbuza, Hanna Kossak-Nowocień (eds.): Moja Kilonia – Mój Poznań. Ze wspomnień pierwszych. Stypendystek i Stypendystów (Historyczek i Historyków) / Mein Kiel – mein Posen. Aus den Erinnerungen der ersten Stipendiat*innen (Historiker*innen). Stipendienaustausch zwischen der Adam Mickiewicz-Universität in Poznań und der Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel. Poznań: Verlag der Adam Mickiewicz-Universität, 2024 (ISBN 978-83-67284-55-4); Ole Petras (ed.): Eugen Wolff. Ein Kieler Gelehrter zwischen Moderne und Heimatkunst. Hamburg: Wachholtz Verlag, 2024 (ISBN 978-3-529-08700-4); Oliver Auge: Landes- und Regionalgeschichte an der Universität Kiel. 100 Jahre für, mit und in Schleswig-Holstein. Baden-Baden: Georg Olms Verlag, 2024 (ISBN 978-3-4871-6733-6); Oliver Auge, Karen Bruhn (eds.): Verdrängt und verschwiegen? Der Umgang mit der NS-Zeit an der Christiana Albertina (=Kieler Studien zur Universitäts- und Wissenschaftsgeschichte, Bd. 2). Kiel: Universitätsverlag, 2022 (eISBN: 978-3-928794-81-7)
Analyzing the unrestricted web: The finnish corpus of online registers
Get PDFThis article introduces the Finnish Corpus of Online Registers (FinCORE) representing the full range of registers – situationally defined text varieties such as news and blogs – on the Finnish Internet. The extreme range of language use found online has challenged the study of registers. It has been unclear what registers the entire Internet includes, and if they can be sufficiently defined to allow for their analysis or classification, previous studies focusing on restricted sets of registers and English. FinCORE features 10,754 texts from the unrestricted web, manually annotated for their register using a scheme originally established for the Corpus of Online Registers of English (CORE). We present the FinCORE registers and compare them to CORE. Finally, we show that the FinCORE registers are sufficiently well-defined to allow for their automatic identification, thus opening novel possibilities for both linguistics and web-as-corpus research. FinCORE is published under an open license
A Parameterized Algorithm for 2-Stage Stochastic IPs with one row
No full textWe consider 2-stage stochastic integer linear problems (ILPs) with one row and identical first stage. For this case, we present separate algorithms for deciding the feasibility problem and for solving the optimization problem. For the feasibility problem, our algorithm achieves a running time which significantly improves upon state-of-the-art algorithms for general 2-stage stochastic ILPs such as Cslovjecsek et al. (SODA '24) when applied to our context. For the optimality problem, our algorithm yields a running time linear in the number of constraints and exponential in the largest entry of the constraint matrix. We achieve our results by novel use of structural properties to the ILPs we consider. Additionally, we provide an upper bound on the right hand side. We further complement our positive results by showing a lower bound on the running times of 2-stage stochastic ILPs with one row which follows via a bound derived from ETH
Opinion: The role of AerChemMIP in advancing climate and air quality research
Get PDFThe Aerosol Chemistry Model Intercomparison Project (AerChemMIP) was endorsed by the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 6 (CMIP6) and was designed to quantify the climate and air quality impacts of aerosols and chemically reactive gases. AerChemMIP provided the first consistent calculation of effective radiative forcing (ERF) for a wide range of forcing agents, which was a vital contribution to the Sixth Assessment Report (AR6) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. It supported the quantification of composition–climate feedback parameters and the climate response to short-lived climate forcers (SLCFs), as well as enabled the future impacts of air pollution mitigation to be identified, and the study of interactions between climate and air quality in a transient simulations. Here we review AerChemMIP in detail and assess the project against its stated objectives, its contribution to the CMIP6 project, and the wider scientific efforts designed to understand the role of aerosols and chemistry in the Earth system. We assess the successes of the project and the remaining challenges and gaps. We conclude with some recommendations that we hope will provide input to planning for future MIPs in this area. In particular, we highlight the necessity of sufficient ensemble size for the attribution of regional climate responses and the need for coordination across projects to ensure key science questions are addressed. Summary data for CMIP6 and AerChemMIP models such as model components, model configurations, and emergent quantities are included
High-performance hydrophobic MOFs for selective acetone capture under humid conditions
Get PDFCapturing acetone, a major indoor air pollutant, under humid conditions is a longstanding challenge in materials science. The key obstacle lies in finding porous adsorbents that simultaneously exhibit strong affinity for acetone and intrinsic hydrophobicity, a rare and elusive pairing. Leveraging the structural and chemical versatility of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), we first explored a diverse set of MOFs using force field Monte Carlo and density-functional theory calculations. This computational strategy identified CAU-11(Al) as a top performer: a hydrophobic, small pore MOF that enables both high acetone affinity and uptake at trace concentrations with excellent selectivity over water. Experimental validation through gas-phase pulse chromatography, adsorption measurements, and breakthrough studies confirmed the outstanding performance of this sorbent under competitive acetone/water conditions. These results position CAU-11(Al) as a promising material for real-world acetone capture in humid indoor environments
Indirect Zero-Field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Get PDFThis study develops the two-field correlation spectroscopy (COSY) in zero to ultralow field (ZULF) liquid state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). We demonstrated the successful integration of signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE) hyperpolarization with two-dimensional (2D) NMR spectroscopy, enabling the detection of ZULF COSY spectra with increased sensitivity. Field cycling allowed the acquisition of two-field COSY spectra at varying magnetic field strengths, including zero-field conditions. This enabled insight into both J-coupling and Zeeman-dominated regimes, benefiting from ultralow field observation sensitivity and mitigating the low-frequency noise by conducting readout at higher fields (>5 μT). Our study explores the effects of polarization transfer, apodization techniques, and the potential for further application of ZULF NMR in chemical analysis exemplified for three X-nuclei and three corresponding molecules: [1-13C]pyruvate, [15N]acetonitrile, and [3-19F]pyridine. These findings pave the way for more sensitive and cost-effective NMR spectroscopy in low-field regimes
Eine toleranz-zentrierte Perspektive auf Teamdiversität: Die Rolle von Toleranz für die Effektivität diverser Teams
Get PDFTeamdiversität wird häufig als Schlüssel für Innovation, Kreativität und Unternehmenserfolg gesehen. Allerdings geht mit Diversität auch die Gefahr einher, dass Teams entlang ihrer Unterschiede in Subgruppen zerfallen, was sich wiederum dysfunktional auf die Zusammenarbeit im Team auswirken kann. In diesem Kapitel geben wir einen Überblick über den aktuellen Stand der Forschung zur Teamdiversität und schlagen eine toleranz-zentrierte Perspektive vor, um den potenziellen negativen Konsequenzen der Diversität in Teams entgegenzuwirken. Aufbauend auf dem ›Ablehnung-Respekt-Modell der Toleranz‹ und dem Categorization-Elaboration Modell der Teamdiversität und Teamleistung schlagen wir vor, dass Toleranz zwischen den Mitgliedern diverser Teams als ›minimales soziales Bindemittel‹ für eine effektive Zusammenarbeit dienen könnte. Anstatt Wertschätzung oder Konsens zu verlangen, fördert gleichheitsbasierter Respekt eine übergeordnete Teamidentität, die dazu beiträgt, ungünstige Folgen sozialer Kategorisierung einzuschränken und psychologische Sicherheit zu unterstützen. Wir diskutieren, welche Rolle Respekt und Toleranz in effektivem Diversitätsmanagement spielen können.Team diversity is often viewed as a key driver of innovation, creativity, and organizational success. However, diversity also entails the risk that teams may split into subgroups along lines of difference, which can in turn hinder effective collaboration. In this chapter, we provide an overview of the current state of research on team diversity and propose a tolerance-centered perspective to counteract the potential downsides of diversity in teams. Building on the ›disapproval-respect model‹ and the categorization-elaboration model, we argue that tolerance among members of diverse teams can function as a ›minimal social glue‹ for effective collaboration. Instead of requiring appreciation or consensus, equality-based respect promotes a superordinate team identity, which helps reduce social categorization and supports psychological safety. We discuss and outline the role of respect and tolerance in shaping the effectiveness of diversity management