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Sexuelle Bildung: emanzipatorisch angelegt - kritisch-reflexiv beforscht - handlungstheoretisch konzipiert
Get PDFDer Beitrag bietet eine Metatheorie der Sexualpädagogik und Sexuellen Bildung auf der Basis wissenschaftstheoretischer und disziplinärer Grundlagen. Im Zentrum steht die Begründung, warum eine ‚emanzipative Sexualpädagogik‘ auch heute noch ihre Berechtigung hat. Zudem werden allgemeine und spezifische Handlungstheorien veortet
Consumer preferences for sustainably sourced seafood: Implications for fisheries dynamics and management
Get PDFMany fish consumers reveal a preference for sustainably sourced seafood in their purchasing decisions. We propose a bioeconomic modeling approach and an empirical strategy, based on a discrete choice experiment, to quantify the resulting effects on fishery dynamics and to derive implications for efficient fishery management. We show that a “consumer stock effect” arises, which stabilizes a fishery under open access and which decreases catches under economically efficient management. We quantify these effects for the Western Baltic cod fishery
Doing Difference in der intersektionalen Lehrkräfteausbildung: Wie Interventionsseminare die Beliefs von angehenden Deutschlehrkräften verändern
Get PDFBeliefs, die durch verschiedene Faktoren determiniert sind, haben Auswirkungen auf das professionelle Handeln einer Lehrkraft. Während Studien zu Beliefs von Lehrkräften zu einzelnen Heterogenitätsfacetten vorliegen, stellen intersektionale Betrachtungen weiterhin ein Desiderat dar. Der Beitrag zeigt anhand qualitativer und quantitativer Daten, dass intersektional ausgerichtete diversitätssensibilisierende Interventionsseminare und Schulpraxiserfahrung in der universitären Lehre positive Auswirkungen auf die Beliefs angehender Lehrkräfte haben, die auf Masterniveau Deutsch für das Lehramt an Gymnasien studieren. Insbesondere nicht oder wenig religiöse Studierende, die ein mehrsprachiges Umfeld besitzen, zeigen positive(re) Einstellungen zu Mehrsprachigkeit, interkultureller Bildung und sexueller Vielfalt. Die Daten zeigen aber auch, dass Interventionsseminare auf die bei den Studierenden tief verankerten rassistischen Wissensbestände und Einstellungen in der kurzfristigen Frist keine Effekte haben, dieses Faktum aber deren Einstellungen zu Weltoffenheit, Toleranz und Akzeptanz nicht behindert.Beliefs that are determined by various factors have an impact on a teacher's professional behaviour. While studies on teachers' beliefs about individual facets of heterogeneity are available, intersectional considerations are still a desideratum. Using qualitative and quantitative data, this article shows that intersectionally oriented diversity-sensitising intervention seminars and practical school experience in university teaching have a positive impact on the beliefs of prospective teachers studying German at Master's level for grammar schools. In particular, non-religious or less religious students who have a multilingual environment show (increasingly more) positive attitudes towards multilingualism, intercultural education and sexual diversity. However, the data also show that intervention seminars have no effect on students' deeply rooted racist knowledge and attitudes in the short term, but that this fact does not hinder their attitudes towards cosmopolitanism, tolerance and acceptance
Selenium Uptake and Maize (Zea mays L.) Growth as Affected by Different Rates and Forms of Nitrogen
Get PDFSelenium (Se) concentration is low in animal meat and human beings due to its insufficient levels in forage and feed sources. This study investigates the effects of nitrogen (N) rates and N forms to improve the biomass and Se concentration in maize forage. The DMPP-treated soil had 27%–42% higher NH4+-N content at harvest than the non-treated soil. The DMPP treatment of soil also increased shoot Se content by 19%–23% and Se uptake by 37%–42%. A negative correlation was found between NO3−-N: NH4+-N ratio and shoot Se uptake, suggesting that NO3−-N negatively affected Se uptake by maize. Results of second experiment depicted that applying NH4+-N led to higher shoot Se content and uptake than NO3−-N. In case of Se-unfertilized soil, adding NH4+-N produced 14% and 56% more shoot Se content and uptake, respectively, whereas these increases were 39% and 83% on Se-fertilized soils. Similar to Se uptake, plants fed with NH4+-N had higher P and N uptake by maize shoots than that fed with NO3−-N. The SPAD value and shoot biomass were also higher by applying NH4+-N than NO3−-N. These results imply that N fertilization, specifically combined application of Se and ammonium-based fertilizers could improve biomass yield and Se content of maize, which is likely to yield maize grains with improved Se contents
Smartphone-Integrated Electrochemical Devices for Contaminant Monitoring in Agriculture and Food: A Review
Get PDFRecent progress in microfluidic technologies has led to the development of compact and highly efficient electrochemical platforms, including lab-on-a-chip (LoC) systems, that integrate multiple testing functions into a single, portable device. Combined with smartphone-based electrochemical devices, these systems enable rapid and accurate on-site detection of food contaminants, including pesticides, heavy metals, pathogens, and chemical additives at farms, markets, and processing facilities, significantly reducing the need for traditional laboratories. Smartphones improve the performance of these platforms by providing computational power, wireless connectivity, and high-resolution imaging, making them ideal for in-field food safety testing with minimal sample and reagent requirements. At the core of these systems are electrochemical biosensors, which convert specific biochemical reactions into electrical signals, ensuring highly sensitive and selective detection. Advanced nanomaterials and integration with Internet of Things (IoT) technologies have further improved performance, delivering cost-effective, user-friendly food monitoring solutions that meet regulatory safety and quality standards. Analytical techniques such as voltammetry, amperometry, and impedance spectroscopy increase accuracy even in complex food samples. Moreover, low-cost engineering, artificial intelligence (AI), and nanotechnology enhance the sensitivity, affordability, and data analysis capabilities of smartphone-integrated electrochemical devices, facilitating their deployment for on-site monitoring of food and agricultural contaminants. This review explains how these technologies address global food safety challenges through rapid, reliable, and portable detection, supporting food quality, sustainability, and public health
The Time of Blood Collection Does Not Alter the Composition of Leucocyte-Poor Platelet-Rich Plasma: A Quantitative Analysis of Platelets and Key Regenerative Proteins
Get PDFPlatelet-rich plasma (PRP) is increasingly used in orthopedics, with its regenerative potential attributed to platelet-derived cytokines and growth factors. However, variability in PRP composition hampers standardization and reproducibility, contributing to inconsistent outcomes. Since platelet counts in whole blood follow circadian rhythms, we investigated whether blood collection time affects PRP composition. Venous blood was collected from 25 healthy individuals at 8:00 a.m., 12:00 p.m., and 4:00 p.m. Whole blood was analyzed, and leukocyte-poor PRP (LP-PRP) was prepared for quantification of erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets. Platelets were lysed by freeze–thaw cycles, and protein levels of PDGF-BB, IGF1, HGF, IL6, and IL10 were measured via ELISA. Whole blood exhibited diurnal variation in platelet counts. In contrast, LP-PRP was consistently depleted of leukocytes and erythrocytes and showed stable platelet enrichment (PRP/whole blood ratio 2.1 ± 0.3). Protein concentrations in LP-PRP did not differ across collection times. Despite marked interindividual variability, no time-dependent differences were observed in platelet or protein composition. These results demonstrate that LP-PRP is temporally stable, independent of blood sampling time. This robustness supports flexible clinical use and contributes to efforts toward PRP standardization in therapeutic practice
Bildgebende und elektrophysiologische Diagnostik der Elektrodenlage von Cochlea-Implantaten
Get PDFDie vorliegende Dissertation adressiert diagnostische Einschränkungen bei der Beurteilung der CI-Elektrodenlage, welche sich aus den röntgenologischen Untersuchungsmethoden und den Methoden zu deren Auswertung ergeben. Bei manueller Auswertung von Elektroden-Modiolus-Abständen (EMD) und der angulären Insertionstiefe (aDOI) fanden sich intra- und interindividuelle Abweichungen in einer Größenordnung, welche die technische Bildauflösung übertrafen und damit klinisch relevant sind. Für unerfahrene Untersucher*innen wurde ein strukturierter Trainingsansatz entwickelt, mit dem die Leistungsfähigkeit bei der Messung von EMD und aDOI auf das Niveau von erfahrenen Untersucher*innen angehoben werden kann.Mit den hierbei ermittelten Werten zur Reliabilität als Referenz, erfolgte als zweite Fragestellung ein Vergleich zwischen der manuellen Auswertung der Elektrodenlage und dem quasi-vollautomatischem Ansatz IGCIP. Dabei zeigte sich, dass durch IGCIP die Validität von EMD-Messungen erhöht werden kann. Allerdings liefert IGCIP nur für Artefakt-freie Aufnahmen zuverlässige Ergebnisse. In einer weiteren Untersuchung konnte gezeigt werden, dass Messungen von ECAP-Schwellen das Potenzial besitzen, Elektrodentranslokationen zwischen der Scala tympani und Scala vestibuli zu detektieren, und die Ankopplung dabei funktional unter Berücksichtigung aller Einflussfaktoren zu beschreiben. Zum jetzigen Zeitpunkt kann damit geschlussfolgert werden, dass eine vollständige Beurteilung der Elektrodenlage neben der anatomischen, bildgebenden Diagnostik auch auf das elektrophysiologische Methodeninventar zurückgreifen sollte, welches in den heutigen CI-Systemen bereits integriert ist
Exploring Left Atrial Appendage Thrombi in Large Vessel Occlusion Stroke by Cardiac CT: Thrombus Features, LAA Characteristics and the Impact of Direct Oral Anticoagulation
Get PDFBackground: Large vessel occlusion (LVO) strokes account for a significant proportion of ischemic strokes and are often cardioembolic in origin, particularly following atrial fibrillation (AF) with thrombus formation in the left atrial appendage (LAA). Although direct oral anticoagulation (DOAC) therapy reduces stroke risk in AF, anatomical and flow-related factors may still allow thrombi to form and persist, revealing the limitations of anticoagulation in high-risk patients. Examining structural and hemodynamic factors contributing to thrombus persistence is essential for optimizing patient management. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 169 AF patients with LVO stroke who underwent cardiac CT (cCT) during acute stroke assessment. Patients were categorized based on the presence or absence of persistent LAA thrombi and further stratified by DOAC status. LAA volume, blood stasis and left ventricular (LV) diameter were measured. Thrombi were assessed using Hounsfield Unit (HU) analysis to evaluate potential differences in thrombus composition. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent predictors of thrombus persistence with adjustment for DOAC therapy. Results: Persistent LAA thrombi were identified in 23 patients (13.6%). Patients with thrombi had significantly higher rates of stasis (p = 0.004), larger left ventricular diameters (p = 0.0019) and higher LAA volumes (p = 0.004). [...] . Conclusions: LAA volume, stasis and LV enlargement predict thrombus persistence in the LAA of AF patients with LVO stroke, even under adequate DOAC therapy. These findings highlight the potential need for alternative antithrombotic strategies, including interventional LAA occlusion, and warrant further investigation into individualized stroke prevention in high-risk AF populations
Chronic airway inflammation in Drosophila lacking the A20-like protein Trabid
Get PDFBackground Long-term disruption of epithelial immune homeostasis plays a key role in the development and persistence of chronic lung diseases. The regulation of immune pathways, especially the NF-kB pathway, is crucial for maintaining this balance. A20 (TNFAIP3) acts as an inhibitor of the NF-kB pathway and has been linked to chronic lung disease. Methods We investigated the functional role of A20 by studying its Drosophila ortholog, Trabid. trabid-deficient flies were analyzed for immune response activation, susceptibility to various airborne stressors (dehydration, chronic cigarette smoke, and hypoxia), and their cellular adaptation to hypoxia in the tracheal system. Results trabid-deficient Drosophila exhibited chronically activated immune responses in airway epithelial cells. These animals showed markedly increased sensitivity to dehydration, cigarette smoke, and hypoxic stress. Moreover, the plastic (adaptive) response of terminal tracheal cells to hypoxia, normally present in wild-type animals, was lost. Conclusion Loss of A20/Trabid leads to disease-associated phenotypes resulting not only from heightened epithelial immune activity, but also from a profound reduction in the organism's ability to withstand environmental stresses. This highlights the dual importance of immune regulation and stress resistance in epithelial health and chronic lung disease
Improvement of cereal- and legume-derived protein quality with selenium and sulfur for plant food production.
Get PDFSelenium (Se) is essential for human and animal health and nutritional status. As humans cannot produce Se, it must be obtained from the diet. Adequate Se supplementation improves innate immunity, increases antioxidant capacity and helps prevent various disorders. Sulfur (S) is an indispensable nutrient that affects plant growth, performance and yield. Cereals and legumes are global staple foods, and their proteins are considered sustainable plant-based meat alternatives, which are increasingly popular. Owing to their physicochemical similarities, the crosstalk between Se and S influences cereal and grain-legume derived proteins. Modifications induced by Se and S might improve the protein quality of harvested cereal and legume grains. This timely review not only identifies the knowledge gaps in this research area focusing on Se and S enrichment in cereals and legumes but also emphasizes the potential of this unexplored area for new applications. S enrichment resulted in better quality properties in the bread of wheat flour and stimulated the expression of S-rich globulins and albumins in legumes. Se supplementation enhanced the emulsifying capacity of legumes (e.g. chickpeas). The improvement of protein fractions in cereal and legume grains has the potential to revolutionize protein processing to offer new alternatives to produce an array of S- and Se-enriched cereal and legume products. © 2024 The Author(s). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry