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Construction a Distributed Order Smoking Model and Its Nonstandard Finite Difference Discretization
No full textSmoking is currently one of the most important health problems in the world and increases the risk of developing diseases. For these reasons, it is important to determine the effects of smoking on humans. In this paper, we discuss a new system of distributed order fractional differential equations of the smoking model. With the use of distributed order fractional differential equations, it is possible to solve both ordinary and fractional-order equations. We can make these solutions with the density function included in the definition of the distributed order fractional differential equation. We construct the Nonstandard Finite Difference (NSFD) schemes to obtain numerical solutions of this model. Positivity solutions are preserved under positive initial conditions with this discretization method. Also, since NSFD schemes can preserve all the properties of the continuous models for any discretization parameter, the method is successful in dynamical consistency. We use the Schur-Cohn criteria for stability analysis of the discretized model. With the solutions obtained, we can understand the effects of smoking on people in a short time, even in different situations. Thus, by knowing these effects in advance, potential health problems can be predicted, and life risks can be minimized according to these predictions
IPARD supports positively affect hematological parameters, milk production, and welfare indicators of dairy cows
No full textThe study investigated body condition score (BCS), hematological parameters, metabolic profile indicators, total oxidant-antioxidant status, and milk yield (MY) of cows in non-funded (NF) and funded (F+) dairy farms by the European Union funds (under the Instrument for Pre-accession Assistance for Rural Development-IPARD) to support rural development. Sixty multiparous Holstein cows (110 to 209 days of lactation) from 3 NF and 3 F+ dairy farms were used in the experiment. Hematological parameters were within physiological limits in both dairy farms. Total erythrocyte count and percent hematocrit were higher in the F+ group. Serum non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) level and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity were higher in NF farms compared to the supported ones. The serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, glucose levels, and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) activity were higher for the cows in F+ farms. The average daily MY and BCS of cows in NF and F+ dairy farms were 15.8 L and 2.83, and 24.4 L and 3.11, respectively (P<0.01). The total antioxidant status (TAS) of cows in NF farms was significantly lower than F+ farms, whereas total oxidant status (TOS) was significantly higher for cows in NF farms. In conclusion, the grant support is important in establishing a more capable, more efficient, and more suitable infrastructure for animal welfare, and positively affects the physiological health and efficiency of animals in these dairy farms
Online Retail Food Shopping During the Covid-19 Pandemic Period
No full textThis study was conducted to measure consumer attitudes towards online retail food shopping and the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on these attitudes. Therefore, data were collected from 390 volunteers through an online survey in the first half of 2021, when the pandemic was intense. Effects of perceived convenience, risk, price advantage and trust factors on purchase intention were studied. For this, a structural equation model was performed. Then, the moderator effect of pandemic anxiety was examined. Finally, consumers were grouped according to the number and amount of online shopping. The differences between the means of the groups regarding the factors in the model were examined. According to the results, perceived convenience, price advantage, and trust factors have positive and significant on purchase intention; perceived risk factor has a negative and significant effect. It has been found that pandemic anxiety moderates the relationship between risk and price with purchase intention. It is seen that the light online shoppers differ from the moderate and heavy online shoppers in the convenience, risk and trust perception, and purchase intention. Moderate and heavy online shoppers differ only in the trust factor. There was no statistically significant difference between the three groups regarding perceived price advantage and pandemic anxiety
Changes in Major Phenolic Compounds of Seeds, Skins, and Pulps from Various Vitis spp. and the Effect of Powdery and Downy Mildew Diseases on Their Levels in Grape Leaves
No full textThe main purpose of this study is to determine the contents of 3 major phenolic compounds (gallic acid, catechin, and epicatechin) in 22 different grape cultivars/hybrids obtained from 2 different breeding programs. Additionally, changes in these phenolic components in the grape leaves of some resistant/tolerant species were determined in relation to powdery and downy mildew diseases in viticulture. The skin, pulp, and seeds of grape berries were analysed over two years, while changes in the phenolic contents of grape leaves were determined before and after these diseases for two years. The major phenolic contents of new hybrids/cultivars were compared with those of popular cultivars in different parts of the grapes, and significant differences in phenolic contents were found among hybrids/cultivars and different grape parts. Variations in the contents of phenolics in grape seeds, skins, and pulp were high, but seeds contained higher levels of these phenolics than pulp and skin. Analyses of the relationship between two viticultural diseases and phenolic changes in resistant/tolerant cultivars in relation with the susceptible “Italia” cultivar revealed that an increase in the content of the phenolic compounds was found after powdery mildew disease. Hybrids/cultivars with high phenolic contents are recommended to develop new superior cultivars, which are resistant to grape fungal diseases, in breeding program
Psychometric evaluation of Persian version of the balanced measure of psychological needs scale among university students
No full textAim: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the reliability, validity and factor structure of the Persian version of the BMPN in Iranian university students.Design: Cross- sectional.Methods: Study was conducted among Iranian medical sciences students from April to May 2020. A total of 660 students participated in the online self-administrated questionnaire. Construct validity, convergent and divergent validity, and reliability of P- BMPN were evaluated.Results: The Exploratory factor analysis showed that the Persian version of the BMPN has 17 items with four factors: dissatisfaction, autonomy Satisfaction, relat-edness satisfaction and competence satisfaction that explained 40.17% of the total variance. Based on confirmatory factor analysis, all goodness-of-fit indices confirmed the model fit.Conclusion: These results suggest that the Persian version of the BMPN is a reli-able and valid measure to assess satisfaction and dissatisfaction of the psychological needs in Iranian university student
The Effect of Gallic Acid Addition to Tris-Based Extender on Frozen Bull Semen
No full textThis study aimed to determine the probable protective effect of gallic acid (GA) on the spermatological parameters of frozen‐thawed bull
semen. Ejaculates were collected from four Holstein bulls. The mixed ejaculate was divided into four equal groups as control (0 µg/mL
GA), 50, 100 and 200 µg/mL GA with a Tris-based extender. All extended groups were cooled, equilibrated into a +4°C cold cabinet and
loaded into straws. The straws were then frozen and stored in a liquid nitrogen container (-196°C). Subsequently, samples were thawed in
a water bath for analyzing motility and kinematic parameters, morphological integrity, DNA damage and biochemical alterations. GA50
(28.76±0.51%) and GA100 (29.32±0.31%) had improved progressive motility in comparison to the other groups (P<0.05). The highest total
motility (69.71±0.52%) was detected in GA100 (P<0.05). Besides, the lowest DNA damage and total abnormality values were detected in
the GA100 group (P<0.05). GA100 had the highest total antioxidant capacity, as well as the lowest malondialdehyde (MDA) level (P<0.05).
In conclusion, GA 50 and 100 µg/mL protects the progressive motility, morphological and DNA integrity by improving the total antioxidant
status from the harmful effects of the freezing and thawing protocol
Comparatıve Evaluatıon Of The Cytologıcal, Hıstopathologıcal And Immunohıstochemıcal Fındıngs Of Canıne Cutaneous And Subcutaneous Masses
No full textIn this study, we compared the cytological, histopathological, and immunohistochemical
diagnoses of 71 canine cutaneous and subcutaneous masses. Cytological diagnoses
included 56 tumors (21 mesenchymal, 15 epithelial, 16 round cell, four melanocytic), 13
infl ammatory reactions, and two cysts. Of the 21 cytologically diagnosed mesenchymal
tumors, three were later confi rmed non-tumoral (hematoma, granulation tissue,
fi broepithelial polyp). Thirteen out of 15 epithelial tumors were correctly diagnosed
cytologically, whereas two cases were confi rmed to be non-tumoral (fi broepithelial
polyp, granulation tissue) after histopathological examination. One mast cell tumor
was later confi rmed as fi brous hyperplasia; diagnoses were correct in other round cell
tumors. Cytological diagnoses were correct for all melanocytic tumors and cystic lesions.
Five cases which had been cytologically diagnosed as infl ammatory reactions were
diagnosed as tumors (lymphoma, papilloma, sebaceous adenoma, and squamous cell
carcinoma) after histopathological examination. Immunohistochemistry confi rmed the
histopathological diagnoses of all epithelial and round cell tumors, while the diagnoses
of six mesenchymal tumors were changed after the immunohistochemical examination.
The total accuracy of cytology in the diagnosis of tumoral/non-tumoral masses was
84.5%, and the accuracy in the determination of benign/malignant behavior was
83%. Diagnostic accordance between histopathology and immunohistochemistry was
86.6%. High success rates obtained with cytological diagnoses prove that cytology is
a reliable diagnostic tool. The main diagnostic challenge remains with mesenchymal
tumors and tumors accompanied by infl ammatory reactions. The results suggest that
immunohistochemistry is fundamental for diagnoses of most mesenchymal tumors
A Serosurvey For Bovine Respirovirus 3 In Turkish Domestic Ruminants: The First Comparison Study Of A And C Genotypes
No full textBovine parainfluenza virus-3 (BPIV-3), also known as bovine respirovirus 3, causes serious respiratory infection in ungulates, often involving other pathogens, such as viruses, bacteria and mycoplasmas. In this study, we evaluated antibody titers against virus genotypes A (BPIV-3a) and C (BPIV-3c). We conducted a serological survey and comparison analysis of archived serum samples from small and large ruminants reared in four Turkish provinces. A total of 1,307 samples, consisting of sheep (n=444), cattle (n=402), water buffalo (n=261) and goat (n=200) sera, were randomly selected from stock samples collected between 2015 and 2019 and screened by standard virus neutralisation assay. We found that 49.9% (653/1307) of all samples were positive for neutralising antibody titers. Goats had the highest titer, with total seropositivity of 63% (126/200), followed in descending order by cattle, sheep and water buffalo at 56.2% (226/402), 32.2% (143/444) and 26% (68/261) total seropositivity, respectively. BPIV-3c had the highest neutralising antibody rate at 34.3% (448/1307), whereas BPIV-3a had a 24.3% (317/1307) seropositivity rate. Neutralising antibody titers for positive samples ranged between 1/4 and 1/512 per the SN50 test. Seropositivity rates ranged from a low of 8.9% to a high of 18.3%. Our study was the first to compare antibody seroprevalence for two BPIV-3 genotypes in small and large domestic ruminants, which were shown to be more commonly ex-posed to BPIV-3c than BPIV-3a. This finding could have significant implications as current vaccines mainly use the BPIV-3a genotype. Further research can determine if current vaccines protect against different BPIV-3 virus genotypes
Use of Infrared Thermography during Ejaculation Process and Its Link with Semen Quality and Freezability in Dogs
No full textScientific attention to infrared technology has grown over the last decade. Remote and non-invasive monitoring techniques are of great importance in discovering ejaculation response and future trends because of their role in vascular flux regulation. However, detailed information about its use in andrology has yet to be fully explained. Therefore, we aimed to reveal information about the amount of sperm to be obtained by observing stress levels with non-invasive eye temperature measurement, and the relationship between various reproductive temperature patterns and parameters of the animal's various physiological conditions such as age, body condition, total ejaculation time and testicular volume.
This study aimed to describe the thermal variation of external reproductive tracts during ejaculation in relation to sperm quality in dogs. Forty-six adult fertile dogs were monitored using a thermal camera before, during and after the semen collection, taking into account penile and scrotal temperatures as reproductive thermal patterns while eye and perianal temperatures were recorded as complementary thermal patterns of behavioral response. The parameters were classified depending on age ( 4 years), body weight (BW) ( 75 kg), sperm concentration (CON) ( 300 million), total testicular volume (TTV) ( 600 cm(3)) and total ejaculation time (TET) ( 800 s) of the animals from which semen was collected successfully. Heavier males (p < 0.05) that have more consistent testicles (p < 0.01) as well as quicker ejaculate responders (p < 0.001) and lower scrotal temperature had better semen (triangle motility) freezability. The lower eye temperature prior to the ejaculation (p < 0.01), lower scrotal temperature following ejaculation (p < 0.01), and conversely, higher penile temperature during the ejaculation (p < 0.001) had a higher sperm concentration. Furthermore, the sperm freezability was negatively correlated with total ejaculation time (r = -0.39, p < 0.05) and sperm abnormalities were lower in the ejaculate of dogs having a higher temperature of the scrotum, bulbus and penis. In conclusion, infrared monitoring throughout semen collection in dogs can provide information on behavioral reactions during human manipulation, as well as semen quality and testicular functionality
Hemşireler Arasında Damgalama Olgusu Üzerine Keşifsel Bir Çalışma = Heurıstıc Study On Stıgmatızatıon Phenomenon Among Nurses
No full textBu araştırmada, hastanede çalışan hemşireler arasındaki damgalama türlerinin,
nedenlerinin, sonuçlarının ve damgalamayı yönetebilmek için önerilerin belirlenmesi
amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmada olgu bilim deseni kullanılarak, konuyla ilgili deneyimli,
araştırmaya katılmayı kabul eden ve en az 10 yıl çalışma deneyimi olan 20 hemşireyle
yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formuyla derinlemesine görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Ölçüt ve
kartopu amaçlı örnekleme yöntemi kullanılarak seçilen katılımcıların görüşleri açık,
eksen ve seçici kodlama yapılarak, tümevarımsal yöntem doğrultusunda kategorilere
ulaşılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, hemşireler açısından damgalama türleri, nedenleri,
sonuçları ve damgalamadan korunmaya dair öneriler belirlenmiştir. Hastanede çalışan
hemşireler arasında mesleki, siyasi, ahlaki konular başta olmak üzere damgalamanın
yaygın olduğu; bu nedenle damgalanan kişilerin boşanma, şehir değiştirme, sürgün
edilme, emekli olmaya zorlanma gibi yıkıcı etkenlerle karşılaştığı keşfedilmiştir