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Strong Statistical Convergence in Probabilistic Metric Spaces
No full textIn this article, we introduce the concepts of strongly statistically
convergent sequence and strong statistically Cauchy sequence in a probabilistic
metric (PM) space endowed with the strong topology, and establish some basic
facts. Next, we define the strong statistical limit points and the strong statistical
cluster points of a sequence in this space and investigate the relations between
these concepts
Immunodetection of Thyroid Hormone Receptor (Alpha1/Alpha2) in the Rat Uterus and Oviduct
No full textThyroid hormones (THs) play an important role in reproduction
and are essential for development in vertebrate
species. It has been reported that hypothyroidism in women
causes irregular menstruation, frank infertility and difficulty
in maintaining pregnancy [10], and hypothyroidism in
rodents induces alterations in the estrous cycle and uterine
morphology [13]. It has been reported that thyroidectomy
causes a decrease in basal plasma levels of luteinizing hormone
(LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) [8, 28].
Thyroid hormone receptors (THR) mediate the cellular
response to thyroid hormone (T3) by regulating target gene
transcription. THR are the products of two different genes,
erbAá and erbAâ. The mammalian erbAá gene produces
two mRNAs, erbAá1 (alpha1) and erbAá2 (alpha2). Alpha1
codes for the alpha-thyroid hormone receptor (TRá1),
whereas alpha2 codes for an orphan nuclear receptor (TRá2)
which does not bind T3. TRá2 competes with TRá1 and
TRâ for specific DNA binding sites, thereby antagonizing
T3 action. Because the erbAá gene produces both a
transcriptional activator (TRá1) and its specific inhibitor
(TRá2), regulation of the alternative processing of alpha1
and alpha2 mRNA may provide an important mechanism for
determining the cellular response to THs [12].
In the present study, we have immunohistochemically
investigated the existence and localization of THR (alpha1/
alpha2) in rat uterus and oviduct
Ankara’da Etçi ve Sütçü Sığırlarda Kuyruk Ucu Nekrozu: Ankara’da 7 Olgunun Sunumu
No full textKuyruk ucu nekrozu uzun yıllardır sert zeminli ahırlarda bakılan sığırlarda meydana gelen bir hastalık
olarak bilinmektedir. Hastalık etçi yönlü yetiştirilen düvelerde, inek ve boğalarda bildirilmiştir. Bu makalede
yazarlar Ankara ilinde toplam yedi etçi ve sütçü sığırda makroskopik olarak gözlemlenen kuyruk ucu
nekrozunu tanımlamaktadırlar. Kuyruk ucu nekrozunun tanısı klinik muayene ve makroskopik olarak
gözlemlenen lezyonların tanımlayıcı analizleri ile konulmuştur. Bu makale ile kuyruğuda içeren iskelet-kas
sistemi hastalıklarının ayırıcı tanısında, kuyruk ucu nekrozunun öneminin vurgulanması amaçlanmaktadır.Tail-tip necrosis has long been recognized as a disease condition occurring in cattle housed on slattedfloors.
The disease has been reported in heifers, steers and bulls with beef production. In the present article the
authors describe macroscopically diagnosed tail-tip necrosis in a total of seven beef and dairy cattle observed in
Ankara. Diagnosis of tail tip necrosis was made on the basis of clinical examination and descriptive analysis of
gross lesions. The present article highlights the importance of including tail-tip necrosis on the list of
differential diagnoses for diseases characterized by involvement of the musculoskeletal system, consisting of the
tail
GENERALISED TUBERCULOSIS IN A CAT
No full textClinical, pathomorphological and immunohistological
findings of generalised tuberculosis diagnosed in a
1-year-old male tabby cat were evaluated. Macroscopic
examination revealed greyish-white nodules, exceeding the
surface of the organ, in the meninges and kidneys. The
meninges nodules were of the size of a pinhead and those in
the kidneys were 0.2-0.5 cm in diameter. The mediastinal
lymph nodes were observed to be enlarged, and their cut
surfaces displayed nodules of a similar appearance and size.
Microscopic examination revealed typical tubercles in the
cerebrum, cerebellum, kidneys, and mediastinal lymph nodes.
The presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis either free or
located within the cytoplasm of macrophages was
demonstrated by means of the avidin-biotin complex
peroxidase method
Treatment of Trichomoniasis with Metronidazole and Oxytetracycline Combination in Pigeons
No full textBu çalışmada Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi İç Hastalıklar Anabilim Dalı Kliniğine hasta şikayeti ile 2005
Mayıs’ta getirilen 6 yavru güvercin ve 2007 Ocak’ta getirilen 4 yavru güvercin olmak üzere Ankara’daki iki farklı
yetiştiriciliğe ait toplam 10 güvercin incelendi. Yavru güvercinlerin klinik muayenesinde hırıltılı solunum, ağzı kapamada
güçlük, halsizlik, konha ve farinkste bej renkte nekrotik lezyonlar belirlendi. Yetiştiriciliklere yapılan ziyarette kafes
zeminlerinin toprak tabanlı olduğu ve hijyenik şartlara uygun olmadığı dikkati çekti. Kontrollerde birinci yetiştiricilikteki
barınakta bulunan 10 yavrunun tamamının, diğer yetiştiricilikteki 9 yavrunun klinik bulgu gösterdiği erişkinlerde ise
hastalık tablosunun bulunmadığı dikkati çekti.
Hasta 10 genç güvercinin konha ve farinks bölgelerindeki nekrotik lezyonlardan alınan kazıntı materyalinin
mikroskobik muayenesinde hareketli trichomonas etkenleri görüldü. Sağaltımda metronidazol ve oksitetrasiklin
kombinasyonu uygulandı. Güvercinlerin bulunduğu kafesler %4’lük sodyum hidroksitli suyla yıkatıldı. Sağaltımın ikinci
gününde yavrulardan durumu ağır olan 2’si ölürken, sekizinde sağaltımın yedinci gününden itibaren hastalığa ilişkin
klinik bulguların ortadan kalktığı gözlendi ve bu güvercinlerden alınan konha ve farinks küretaj materyallerinin
mikroskobik muayenesinde trichomonas etkenine rastlanmadı.
Sonuç olarak hayvan sahiplerinin ifadelerine göre yetiştiriciliklerde önceki yıllarda sağaltım uygulamalarına rağmen
ortaya çıkan ölüm oranları ile bu dönemdeki ölüm oranı karşılaştırıldığında metronidazol ve oksitetrasiklin
kombinasyonunun sağaltımda etkili olduğu söylenebilir
Presence and characteristics of sorbitol-negative Escherichia coli O157 in healthy sheep faeces
No full textThe presence of sorbitol-negative Escherichia coli O157 was investigated in healthy Awassi sheep
faeces from 175 randomly selected animals in Burdur province of Turkey. Out of 175 animals, 16 (9.1%) were faecal
shedding of sorbitol-negative E. coli O157. Out of the 15 flocks included in the study, 7 (47%) had at least one
sheep positive for sorbitol-negative E. coli O157. The isolation rate of sorbitol-negative E. coli O157 ranged from
8.3 to 60% among the animals tested in the flocks. A total of 16 ovine sorbitol-negative E. coli O157 strains were
characterized by a multiplex PCR. Results showed that 6 (37.7%) strains carried stx1 gene, 3 (18.8%) stx2 gene and
1 (6.3%) both stx1 and stx2 genes. Intimin (eaeA) gene was detected in 4 (25%) of the strains. None of the strains
encoding for stx genes was positive for eaeA gene. The results demonstrate that the majority of sorbitol-negative
E. coli O157 strains (62.5%) isolated from Awassi sheep in Burdur province of Turkey are Shiga toxin-producing
E. coli that have a potential as human pathogens
ÜÇ SÜTÇÜ İNEKTE ENZOOTİK BOVINE LÖKOZİS (EBL) ENFEKSİYONUNUN KLİNİK, SEROLOJİK, HEMATOLOJİK ve PATOLOJİK OLARAK İNCELENMESİ
No full textBu çalışmada, 3 yaşında Holstein ırkı üç inekte Enzootik Bovine Lökozis (EBL) enfeksiyonu klinik, serolojik,
hematol ojik ve patolojik yönden incelendi. Klinik inceleme lerde hayvanla rda aşırı kilo kaybı, iştahsızl ık,
özellikle preskapular lenf düğümünde belirgin olmak üzere tüm yüzlek lenf düğümlerinde büyüme, aralıklı
yüksek ateş, kalp aritmisi, düzensiz solunum ve inkoordinasyon geliştiği tespit edildi. Bu klinik görünüme sahip
üç inekte yapılan serolojik testlerde [Agar Jel Immunodiffuzyon (AGID) ve Enzim Linked Immunosorbent
Assay (ELISA)] Bovine Lökozis Virus (BLV)’una karşı antikor varlığı belirlendi. Seropozitif tespit edilen üç
inekte, hematolojik muayenelerde B-lenfosit, total lökosit ve total lenfosit oranlarında artışlar ve T-lenfosit,
null hücreleri ve nötrofil oranlarında azalmalar görüldü. Hayvanların kesimleri sonrasında yapılan patolojik
muayenelerde bütün lenf düğümler inde lenfadenopati dikkati çekti. Özellikle yüzlek lenf düğümle rinde
korteks medulla ayrımının yapılamadığı ve kanamaların bulunduğu görüldü
ISOLATION AND ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY OF AEROMONAS HYDROPHILA IN A CARP (CYPRINUS CARPIO) HATCHERY FARM
No full textThe aim of this study was to describe a case of skin
lesions with haemorrhaging in a carp (Cyprinus carpio)
hatchery farm and to determine effective antibiotic treatments.
In the macroscopic examinations of nine carp with
haemorrhagic skin lesions, brown or red spotted skin changes
of a varying degree were found, along their bodies. No lesions
were observed in the internal organs. Pure cultures of
Aeromonas hydrophila were isolated from the skin, kidney,
heart, and liver of the carp. All of the isolates were found to be
susceptible to danofloxacin, enrofloxacin, gentamicin,
ciprofloxacin, neomycin, and trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole
and resistant to ampicillin, amoxicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic
acid, oxytetracycline, and streptomycin. Treatment of A.
hydrophila infection was carried out by applying
trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole for 3 d at 10 g/ton of pool
water
Conservation status of freshwater mussels in Europe: state of the art and future challenges
No full textFreshwater mussels of the Order Unionida provide important ecosystem functions and services, yet many of their populations are in decline. We comprehensively review the status of the 16 currently recognized species in Europe, collating for the first time their life-history traits, distribution, conservation status, habitat preferences, and main threats in order to suggest future management actions. In northern, central, and eastern Europe, a relatively homogeneous species composition is found in most basins. In southern Europe, despite the lower species richness, spatially restricted species make these basins a high conservation priority. Information on freshwater mussels in Europe is unevenly distributed with considerable differences in data quality and quantity among countries and species. To make conservation more effective in the future, we suggest greater international cooperation using standardized protocols and methods to monitor and manage European freshwater mussel diversity. Such an approach will not only help conserve this vulnerable group but also, through the protection of these important organisms, will offer wider benefits to freshwater ecosystems