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Comparison of Important Quality Characteristics of Some Fungal Disease Resistance/Tolerance Grapes Dried with Energy-Saving Heat Pump Dryer
No full textRaisins have been widely consumed for many years all around the world, and different grape cultivars and drying techniques are used in their production. Recently, mechanical drying systems have been used to overcome any undesirable effects that arise from sun-drying with grape cultivars that require fewer pesticides to minimize the risk of residues. Both seeded and seedless cultivars were preferred for drying in the past; however, seedless grape cultivars have been increasingly preferred for drying purposes in addition to their use as table grapes. For the first time, an alternative processing method (using an energy-saving heat pump dryer) and important quality characteristics (total phenolics, antioxidant activity, brix, colour analyses and sensory evaluation) of disease resistant/tolerant grape cultivars of different species that can be grown in humid regions were investigated in this study. First, the fresh fruits of nine different grape (Vitis spp.) cultivars grown in a humid ecology were analysed, and then so too were the important phytochemical and quality characteristics of raisins dried with an energy-saving heat pump dryer. The water activity of the raisins ranged from 0.71 (ozer Beyazi) to 0.42 (Kay Gray). The total phenolic contents of Muscat Bleu (65.96), Philipp (64.88) and Campbell Early (64.53 g GAE/100 g db) berries were the highest (p < 0.05). The fresh berries of the Kishmish Vatkana cultivar had the lowest antioxidant activity, as determined by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay (525.81 mmol TE/100 g) (p < 0.05). The total phenolic contents of raisins ranged from 12.76 to 13.58 g GAE/100 g fw. The highest value on a dry weight basis was 19.30 g GAE/100 g for the raisins of the ozer Beyazi cultivar (p < 0.05). The highest antioxidant activity value on a dry weight basis was found for the raisins of ozer Beyazi (991.01 mmol TE/100 g) using the DPPH assay. The raisins of the Philipp cultivar had an antioxidant activity of 7893.51 mmol TE/100 g db, as determined by the ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) assay, which was significantly higher than those of other cultivars, with the exception of Muscat Bleu (p < 0.05). The range for antioxidant activity values provided by the cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) assay was high, and the highest value was found for the raisins of the Philipp cultivar (4505.21 mg Trolox/100 g fw) (p < 0.05). The results indicated that the raisins of the seedless Rhea and Kishmish Vatkana cultivars can be appreciated more than those of the other cultivars, both in terms of their bioactive content and sensory scores, and the raisins of these cultivars, which can be grown in humid regions, hold a great deal of potential for grape growers
Evidence for Genetic Hybridization between Released and Wild Game Birds: Phylogeography and Genetic Structure of Chukar Partridge, Alectoris chukar, in Turkey
No full textThe Chukar Partridge (Alectoris chukar, Galliformes) is one of the most important game birds in its native range, spanning from the Balkans to eastern Asia, and the regions of Europe, North America and New Zealand where it was introduced. Previous studies found two main genetic lineages of the species forming an eastern and a western clade. Chukar Partridges are raised in game farms and released to supplement natural populations for shooting in the USA, Canada, Greece, and Turkey. To explore intraspecific genetic structure, phylogeography, and possible genetic admixture events of A. chukar in Turkey, we genotyped individuals from fourteen wild and five captive populations at two mitochondrial and ten microsatellite DNA loci in. Wild and farmed Chukar Partridge samples were analyzed together to investigate possible influences of intraspecific hybridizations. We found that the farmed chukars, which mainly (85%) cluster into the eastern clade, and wild ones were genetically distinct. The latter could be separated into six management units (MUs), with partridges from Gokceada Island in the Aegean Sea forming the most divergent population. Intraspecific hybridization was detected between wild and captive populations. This phenomenon causes rampant introgression and homogenization. The phylogeographic analysis revealed admixture among wild populations; nevertheless, this did not impair pointing to Anatolia as likely having a "refugia-within-refugia" structure. We recommend that the genetic structure of Chukar Partridge and its MUs be taken into account when developing the policy of hunting, production, and release to preserve the genetic integrity of this species
The Usefulness of Serum Brain Damage Biomarkers in Detection and Evaluation of Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy in Calves with Perinatal Asphyxia
No full textThe purpose of the present study was to determine hypoxic brain damage in calves with perinatal asphyxia using brain-specific damage biomarkers. Ten healthy and 25 calves with perinatal asphyxia were enrolled in the study. Clinical examination, neurological status score, and laboratory analysis were performed at admission, 24, 48, and 72 h. Serum concentrations of ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolysis 1 (UCHL1), calcium-binding protein B (S100B), adrenomodullin (ADM), activitin A (ACTA), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and creatine kinase-brain (CK-B) were measured. Histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations of the brain tissue were performed in 13 nonsurvivor calves. The neurological status score of the calves with asphyxia was significantly (p < 0.05) lower. Mix metabolic-respiratory acidosis and hypoxemia were detected in calves with asphyxia. Serum UCHL1 and S100B were significantly (p < 0.05) increased, and NSE, ACTA, ADM, and CK-B were decreased (p < 0.05) in calves with asphyxia. Histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations confirmed the development of mild to severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. In conclusion, asphyxia and hypoxemia caused hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in perinatal calves. UCHL1 and S100B concentrations were found to be useful markers for the determination of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in calves with perinatal asphyxia. Neurological status scores and some blood gas parameters were helpful in mortality prediction
Biocontrol of Listeria monocytogenes by Bacillus coagulans GBI-30, 6086 in a synbiotic white brined cheese: An In Vitro model study
No full textCheese belongs to the category of foods most frequently contaminated with Listeria monocytogenes. Antibiotics, disinfectants, and various preservatives have been conventionally utilized as a microbial control strategy. To address issues such as the emergence of resistance, high cost, and negative effects on health, and the environ-ment, probiotics have been proposed as an environmentally friendly, cost-effective alternative approach to protect against pathogenic microorganisms for better healthcare and food safety. This study assessed the growth and biocontrol of inoculated L. monocytogenes in white brined cheese during a 90-day storage at +4 degrees C. The effect of Bacillus coagulans GBI-30, 6086 (BC30) integrated in white brined cheese on L. monocytogenes was evaluated using a dynamic system simulating gastrointestinal system conditions. Additionally, the microbiological, phys-icochemical and sensory characteristics of the cheeses were assessed during ripening. By the termination of ripening, the counts of L. monocytogenes were 1.76 and 2.92 log10 CFU/g in groups D (inulin + BC30 + L. monocytogenes) and E (L. monocytogenes), correspondingly (P < 0.05). Group C (inulin + BC30) exhibited higher counts of BC30 compared to group B (BC30) during ripening
Future effects of small hive beetle, Aethina tumida, on honey bee colony in Turkey based on temperature factor using a mathematical model
No full textBiological invasions are becoming the most serious global environmental threats under changing climate. Beekeeping has faced such invasions with the changing climatic. One of these invaders is the small hive beetle (SHB), which has not yet been encountered in some countries and is currently at a preventable level. SHB can be a highly destructive pest for honey bee colonies, as it damages honey bee comb and larvae, as well as honey and pollen. Although SHB threatens honey bee populations, the impact of climate change on the severity of infestation and its growth rate are still unknown. This apicultural issue is theoretically addressed by using a coupled honey bee–SHB mathematical model in which the rate of SHB growth varies with time to account for changing climate. When the temperature rises, honey bee colonies collapse due to an increase in SHB growth rate, and the severity of the infestation also plays a role in the colony’s survival. This study suggests that in the future, global warming will increase colony losses from SHB and may increase the risk of SHBs spreading to regions where it is currently absent, and precautions should be taken to prevent transmission
A Study on Forecastıng the Impact of Covıd-19 on Emergency Servıce in a Publıc Hospıtal
No full textThe COVID-19 pandemic has seriously threatened human life all over the world since
the first quarter of 2020. Hospitals have fought on the frontlines against this threat. The
aim of this study is to predict the number of monthly emergency service patients for a
public hospital. In particular, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the number of
emergency service patients was examined. While the data set for the period January
2012- June 2021 (114 months) is used in the analyses, two different data sets were
created for the Box- Jenkins (B-J) and Gray Prediction approaches. Then, the number
of monthly emergency service patients was predicted using the SARIMA model, GM
(1,1) and TGM. In the analyses, while examining the long-term trend of the number
emergency services patients’ using the SARIMA model, GM (1,1) and TGM were used
to focus on the COVID-19 period. The findings suggest that the TGM has the most
successful results in terms of evaluation criteri
Genome-Wide Identification of the Aconitase Gene Family in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and CRISPR-Based Functional Characterization of SlACO2 on Male-Sterility
No full textTomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is one of the most cultivated vegetables in the world due to its consumption in a large variety of raw, cooked, or processed foods. Tomato breeding and productivity highly depend on the use of hybrid seeds and their higher yield, environmental adaption, and disease tolerance. However, the emasculation procedure during hybridization raises tomato seed production costs and labor expenses. Using male sterility is an effective way to reduce the cost of hybrid seeds and ensure cultivar purity. Recent developments in CRISPR genome editing technology enabled tomato breeders to investigate the male sterility genes and to develop male-sterile tomato lines. In the current study, the tomato Acotinase (SlACO) gene family was investigated via in silico tools and functionally characterized with CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene disruption. Genome-wide blast and HMM search represented two SlACO genes located on different tomato chromosomes. Both genes were estimated to have a segmental duplication in the tomato genome due to their identical motif and domain structure. One of these genes, SlACO2, showed a high expression profile in all generative cells of tomato. Therefore, the SlACO2 gene was targeted with two different gRNA/Cas9 constructs to identify their functional role in tomatoes. The gene was mutated in a total of six genome-edited tomato lines, two of which were homozygous. Surprisingly, pollen viability was found to be extremely low in mutant plants compared to their wild-type (WT) counterparts. Likewise, the number of seeds per fruit also sharply decreased more than fivefold in mutant lines (10–12 seeds) compared to that in WT (67 seeds). The pollen shape, anther structures, and flower colors/shapes were not significantly varied between the mutant and WT tomatoes. The mutated lines were also subjected to salt and mannitol-mediated drought stress to test the effect of SlACO2 on abiotic stress tolerance. The results of the study indicated that mutant tomatoes have higher tolerance with significantly lower MDA content under stress conditions. This is the first CRISPR-mediated characterization of ACO genes on pollen viability, seed formation, and abiotic stress tolerance in tomatoe
Bioactive components, antibacterial and antiradical properties of home-made apple and grape vinegar
No full textThe present study aimed to investigate major volatile compounds, organic acid, phenolic and mineral contents, and antiradical and antimicrobial properties of home-made apple/grape vinegar. Grape vinegar showed higher total acidity, organic acid content, total phenolic content (TPC), antiradical activity and lower minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values compared to apple vinegar. While acetic and tartaric acids were the most abundant organic acids in grape vinegar, acetic and succinic acids were the most abundant organic acids in apple vinegar. The most abundant phenolic compound was gallic acid in both grape and apple vinegar. A total of 18 and 9 volatile compounds were determined in grape vinegar samples and apple vinegar samples, respectively. The most abundant volatile compounds were acetic acid and acetoin in grape vinegar, acetic acid, ethyl acetate and 2,4,5-trimethyl-1,3-dioxolane in apple vinegar. K, Ca and Na were common minerals in both vinegar and more in the grape vinegar compared to apple vinegar. Although MIC value for grape vinegar was at 6.25% with minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values ranged from 6.25% to 12.50%, MIC value for apple vinegar was at 12.50% with MBC values ranged from 12.50% to 25.00% for all test bacteria. The antiradical and antibacterial activities of the vinegar samples were correlated with their TPC and organic acid contents
A WSe2@poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) nanocomposite-based electrochemical sensor for simultaneous detection of dopamine and uric acid
No full textIn the present work, a nanocomposite of two-dimensional WSe2nanosheets with poly-(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (WSe2@PEDOT) was prepared by facile hydrothermal method and characterized in terms of structural and morphological analyses. This nanocomposite was used to modify glassy carbon electrode for the construction of an electrochemical sensing platform for simultaneous determination of dopamine (DA) and uric acid (UA) in the presence of ascorbic acid (AA). It was found that the incorporation of PEDOT into WSe2nanosheets exhibited enhanced electrochemical behaviors and electro¬catalytic activity against DA and UA. Using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) measurements, the WSe2@PEDOT modified electrode displayed wide linear detection ranges of 16 to 466 μM for DA and 20 to 582.5 μM for UA. The electrode also exhibited high selectivity against DA and UA in the presence of major interference of ascorbic acid and other interferent substances
Investigation of deformed wing virus, black queen cell virus, and acute bee paralysis virus infections in honey bees using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method
No full textViruses are one of the most potential risk factors that negatively affect the different life stages of honey bees. This
study was conducted to determine the presence of infections caused by the deformed wing virus (DWV), black queen cell virus
(BQCV), and acute bee paralysis virus (ABPV) in honey bees in the beekeeping regions of Burdur, along with obtaining information
about their prevalence in this particular region. In our study, the adult bees were taken from 31 different beehives and comb samples
that had different honey bee breeds and were sampled randomly from 15 beekeeping areas within the region. The collected samples
were analyzed using the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and the prevalence of DWV, BQCV, and ABPV
infections were determined to be 74.19% (23/31), 25.81%, (8/31) and 74.19% (23/31), respectively. In this study, the distribution of
positive samples and the rates of multiple infections were determined in the colonies. Of the positive honey bee samples, 12 (%38.71)
were detected only for one virus, 9 (%29.03) were positive for two viruses (DWV-ABPV) and 8 (%25.81) were positive for all three
viruses. In the present study, the presence of the three bee viruses that caused significant damage to the colonies by multiple infections
in the Burdur region was determined with RT-PCR. To our knowledge, this is the first report of three mentioned bee infections in
honey bees in the Burdur region. The revealed epidemiological conditions lead to the conclusion that serious measures are needed to
control these infections in this region