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How are suspicions of corruption handled within Swedish public institutions, and what effects does this have on the institution’s legitimacy? : A case study about how corruption within two Swedish institutions is handled and effect the institution’s legitimacy
No full textThis thesis investigates corruption management in Swedish public administration by examining two cases that reshaped institutional practices, the Swedish National Property Board (SFV) scandal in 2017 and the Gothenburg municipality corruption case. The study specifically analyzes how suspicions of corruption are handled within these institutions and what impact this has on their legitimacy. By comparing a state agency with a municipal organization, the research reveals distinct patterns in how different levels of public administration respond to and manage corruption risks. Using institutional theory, principal-agent theory, and legitimacy theory, the analysis shows for instance how the informal culture of “Göteborgsandan” and SFV’s formal control mechanisms produced different outcomes in corruption prevention and detection. The findings demonstrate that effective corruption management requires both robust control systems and supportive organizational cultures. The research contributes new insights into the challenges Swedish public institutions face when balancing accountability with organizational efficiency.
Effekten av kombinerad behandling med letrozol och klomifen vid infertilitet hos kvinnor med polycystiskt ovariesyndrom : En Jämförelse med Monoterapi
No full textBackground: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder that impacts the ovaries of reproductive-age women, disrupting ovulation and fertility, and frequently resulting in infertility. The exact etiology of PCOS remains unclear, but it is believed to stem from a combination of genetic alterations and environmental influences, such as excess body weight and dietary patterns. PCOS manifests with varying symptoms among individuals, but the most prevalent include menstrual irregularities, excessive hair growth, acne, and increased body weight. To diagnose PCOS, patients must meet at least two of the Rotterdam criteria, which encompass irregular ovulation, elevated androgen levels, and the presence of multiple cysts on the ovaries. The course of treatment for PCOS is determined by the patient's age, the symptoms they experience, and the desired outcome. For addressing fertility issues in PCOS patients, ovulation-inducing medications such as clomiphene and letrozole are employed. Letrozole acts locally by inhibiting the ovaries' aromatase enzyme, whereas clomiphene acts centrally by blocking the hypothalamus's estrogen receptors. Purpose: The objective of this literature review was to assess the safety and efficacy of clomiphene and letrozole combination therapy compared to letrozole or clomiphene monotherapy in infertile women with PCOS. Method: PubMed was utilized to conduct a search for clinical studies pertinent to the objective of this research. The search yielded 18 results, from which five studies were selected based on predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results The five selected studies underwent analysis. The initial three studies demonstrated that utilization of the combination was associated with elevated ovulation rates, while the fourth study indicated no statistically significant difference between combination and monotherapy treatment. The fifth study revealed increased pregnancy rates with combination therapy. Conclusion: The combined use of letrozole and clomiphene proved more effective than single-drug treatments using either antigenic letrozole or clomiphene alone, while maintaining a similar safety profile
Från öknen i öst till folkfest i väst : En studie om hur tidningen Dagens Nyheter rapporterade om samhällsfrågor under herrarnas världsmästerskap i fotboll år 2022 och herrarnas europamästerskap i fotboll år 2024.
No full textThis study examines how Dagens Nyheter framed the social issues surrounding the 2022 FIFA World Cup in Qatar and the 2024 UEFA European Championship in Germany. It aims to investigate which social issues are most prominent in the coverage of each tournament and how these issues are presented. While much has been written about the 2022 World Cup in Qatar, fewer studies have focused on the 2024 Euros in Germany, particularly at the time this research is conducted. This study contributes to the field of journalism by highlighting both the differences and similarities in how the two tournaments are framed, offering insight into the varying ways people perceive and experience them. The study employes a quantitative content analysis of all articles in Dagens Nyheter that addresses social issues during the active periods of both the Qatar World Cup and the Euros in Germany. The results are then analyzed through the theoretical frameworks of framing, agenda-setting, and social constructivism. The findings reveal notable differences in how each tournament is framed and which social issues were prioritized. Moral framing is frequently used in the coverage of the Qatar World Cup but is almost entirely absent in the reporting on the Euros in Germany. Issues related to equality and LGBTQ rights are prominent in the coverage of Qatar but are not addressed in the reporting on Germany. Another key observation is that while Qatar is sometimes portrayed in a positive light, the overall tone of the coverage remained predominantly negative. This is not the case with Germany, where no similar negative portrayals were found. One similarity between the two tournaments is the strong focus on political issues, with the tone of the coverage generally negative in both cases. In conclusion, this study highlights significant differences, as well as some similarities, in how the two tournaments are framed and which social issues are most prominent. Political issues are central to both events, but LGBTQ and human rights concerns are much more prominent in the coverage of Qatar 2022, while these issues are largely absent in the reporting on the Euros in Germany. The tone of coverage is predominantly negative for both tournaments, although it is more pronounced in the case of the World Cup. The framing also varied between the two events: responsibility and moral framing are common in the coverage of Qatar, while conflict framing is more dominant during the Euros in Germany
Svenskars intryck av Anglicismer i professionella sammanhang : En kvantitativ studie
No full textEnglish is emerging as a global lingua franca and is influencing languages worldwide, providing loanwords and new vocabulary to Swedish as well as other languages. This study investigates attitudes towards Anglicisms and examines the role of age in the way Swedes perceive Anglicisms when used in a professional setting. This study used an online survey to extract data on Swedes’ attitudes to Anglicisms in professional settings, and any possible correlations between these attitudes and the ages of the 40 respondents in this study. The data showed that Swedes had a generally positive outlook on Anglicisms in professional settings, and that there was no obvious linear correlation between age and attitudes towards the chosen Anglicisms. Age was deemed to be a determining factor to the attitudes in this result in those over 65 years old. Those >65 stood out as the least positive group which could be due to their age. Further research would be needed to investigate if this result would be replicated and the reasons behind it. Those >65 could have been in less contact with English in earlier years which could explain the results. Other factors that might influence the results are the chosen Anglicisms, number of respondents in the age groups and level of education of the respondents. These results highlight the emergence of English as a lingua franca, particularly within business settings, and suggest that Swedes are receptive to the influence of English on Swedish vocabulary
”His life is a constant escape” : Stress and the Causes of Stress in Juli Zeh’s Novel New Year
No full textThis essay, titled “’His life is a constant escape” – Stress and the Causes of Stress inJuli Zeh’s Novel New Year,” examines the novel New Year written by the Germanauthor Juli Zeh. Its primary focus is to analyze the various manifestations of stressdepicted throughout the narrative and to examine whether stress factors in theprotagonist's life may be rooted not only in his childhood trauma but also in specificaspects of his life circumstances and mindset
Att leva med sjukdomen endometrios : En kvalitativ litteraturöversikt
No full textBakgrund: Sjukdomen endometrios drabbar en stor del av den kvinnliga befolkningen. Sjukdomen innebär att endometrievävnad växer utanför livmoderhålan och leder till inflammation samt en rad olika symtom. Det dröjer ofta lång tid för kvinnor att nå diagnos, ibland upp till tio år. Sjuksköterskor bör ge kvinnorna den bästa möjliga vården samt lindra lidande och främja hälsa. Sjuksköterskor skall ha god kunskap om sjukdomen och kunna bistå med stöd till kvinnan. Däremot är kunskapsbristen kring sjukdomen ett stort problem i samhället. Syfte: Att sammanställa kvinnors upplevelser av att leva med sjukdomen endometrios. Metod: En litteraturöversikt har genomförts med grund i tio artiklar av kvalitativ design vilka analyserades i fyra steg. Artiklarna inhämtades från databaserna PubMed och CINAHL. Resultat: I denna litteraturöversikt framkom det åtta subkategorier vilka resulterade i tre kategorier. Kategorin Att begränsas på grund av smärta grundas i subkategorierna Fysisk smärta, Sexuella begränsningar och Sociala begränsningar. Nästa kategori, Att ha behov av stödjande möten, baseras på subkategorierna Att bli bekräftad av vården och Att ha socialt stöd. Den sista kategorin, Att inte bli tagen på allvar, grundas i subkategorierna Normalisering av sjukdomen, Frustration över bristande kunskap och Att bli avvisad av vården. Slutsats: Kvinnorna som är drabbade av sjukdomen endometrios upplever sjukdomslidande, livslidande och vårdlidande till följd av smärta, begränsningar och bristande kunskap. En ökad förståelse för sjukdomen bland sjuksköterskor kan bidra till ett lindrat lidande och förbättrade upplevelser av sjukdomen endometrios hos dessa kvinnor.
Sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av arbetsrelaterad stress under Covid-19-pandemin : En litteraturöversikt
No full textBakgrund: Covid-19-pandemin har skapat stora utmaningar för hälso- och sjukvården, med sjuksköterskor i frontlinjen som särskilt drabbades av ökade arbetskrav, resursbrist och förlängda arbetspass. Dessa förhållanden har lett till en omfattande arbetsrelaterad stress, vilket påverkat både deras fysiska och psykiska hälsa, samt deras förmåga att möta patienters behov på ett tillfredsställande sätt. Stressen har även resulterat i känslor av otillräcklighet och en långvarig belastning på vårdpersonalens välbefinnande. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att beskriva sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av arbetsrelaterad stress under Covid-19-pandemin i en europeisk vårdkontext. Metod: Studien genomfördes som en litteraturöversikt med utgångspunkt i kvalitativa originalartiklar. Datainsamlingen utfördes systematiskt via databaserna PubMed, CINAHL och PsycInfo, med tydliga inklusions- och exklusionskriterier. Analysen följde en integrerande ansats med fokus på att identifiera gemensamma teman och variationer. Resultat: Analysen resulterade i tre huvudkategorier: orsaker till arbetsrelaterad stress (exempelvis ökad arbetsbörda och resursbrist), följder av arbetsrelaterad stress (psykisk och fysisk påverkan) samt stöd, självbild och strategier (exempelvis kollegialt stöd och olika coping-strategier). Stressen hade betydande effekter på både sjuksköterskors professionella och privata liv. Slutsats: Slutsatsen är att förbättrade arbetsvillkor och stärkt stöd till sjuksköterskor är avgörande för en hållbar vård.
Tourism in Transition : Exploring how destinations in Sweden adapt to the Coolcation trend
No full textThis study explores how Swedish tourism destinations adapt to the emerging Coolcation trend, driven by climate change and shifting traveler preferences towards cooler, more authentic destinations and being in nature. Through semi-structured interviews with 18 Swedish tourism stakeholders, the research highlights changes in visitor behavior, leading to multifaceted opportunities and challenges. Understanding the Coolcation trend helps tourism businesses and destinations to stay competitive and meet the tourist demand. The study explains the current state of tourism in Sweden, as well as how destinations can develop in the future, while adapting to the impacts of climate change. This will be done by first explaining the theories based on previous research and then testing and discussing them in connection to the empirical findings. Although Coolcation offers chances for growth, it also brings challenges such as uneven distribution of visitors throughout the year. This creates the need for sustainable practices, adaptation strategies and policies for long term planning
An Overview and a Reflection of the Process and Product of Ph.D. Programs
No full textThis paper aims to analyze the Ph.D. thesis process and outcomes through the perspectives of three key actors—supervisee, supervisor, and academic institution —by drawing upon the personal experiences ofthe authors. Reflections are based on the authors past experience as supervisees and firsthand involvement in supervision, program management, and committee participation, with the key findings highlighting the intricate dynamics of these roles in shaping Ph.D. education. The aspects discussed in this work are motivation, previous experience, the individual study plan, guidance, and contributions. The motivations for pursuing a Ph.D. were diverse, encompassing personal and professional goals, passion for research, career advancement, and societal contributions. Previous experience from all actors is recognized as a critical factor influencing the success of the Ph.D. journey, where considerations regarding academic background, research interests, and cultural factors may influence the time and the outcome. The individual study plan is recognized by the authors as a vital tool for modeling a Ph.D.student’s research and professional development trajectory. Guidance throughout the Ph.D. process is discussed in terms of frequent and consistent supervision, providing regular support and feedback, which gradually shifts towards fostering research independence. This approach emphasizes the importance of mentorship and effective communication among peers at every stage. Finally, contributions are discussed as a final phase of the Ph.D. journey, where students are expected to demonstrate their expertise and impact through publications, awards, patents, and other forms of recognition. Supervisors and institutions also play a crucial role in supporting and showcasing such contributions. This reflection paper shows the relations between these factors and the collective responsibility shared by the actors in producing a successful Ph.D. thesis and an independent researcher. We argue our reflections are avaluable resource for those involved in Ph.D. programs, offering insights into the various dimensions ofthe Ph.D. journey and highlighting the importance of collaboration and support among these critical actors
Motivational factors for physical activity : in women who practice CrossFit.
No full textThis qualitative interview study aims to shed light on women's experiences and perceptions of sustainable training engagement within CrossFit. The study focuses specifically on the motivational factors that contribute to long-term commitment to training. Physical activity is one of the most important factors for promoting good physical and mental health and preventing diseases.The results of this study reveal interesting insights into the motivational factors that influence women's long-term training engagement at CrossFit. The participants highlighted several motivational factors that seem to play a significant role in their determination to train regularly. The six themes that occur in this study are internal motivation, external motivation, affinity, competence, self image and perseverance. The women's experiences and perceptions have provided valuable insights into how their training routines have been adapted to foster motivation. As such, the study has deepened the understanding of the psychological aspects of physical activity.Moreover, the social dynamics within the CrossFit community fostered a sense of belonging and positively impacted participants’ self-image and identity. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of how psychological and social factors interplay in sustaining physical activity.