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Delineating Perpetratorhood : On Race, Masculinities, and Fighting Impunity for Sexual Violence in DRC 1
No full textExamining delineations of male “perpetratorhood” in efforts to fight impunity for sexual violence in conflict, this chapter brings into view a discordance between whom these are intended to target and who is typically held to account in practice by local courts. We demonstrate how, why, and with what effect global policy and advocacy discourses underpinning the fight against impunity rest on a carefully curated, but nevertheless restrictive, understanding of sexual violence in conflict. Crudely, this sexual violence is perpetrated by racialized male combatants against female civilians. We subsequently offer a close appraisal of judicial efforts to fight impunity for sexual violence in eastern DRC – which has long been a key focus of global campaigns to end sexual violence in conflict. We demonstrate that quotidian efforts to fight impunity in eastern DRC largely function to punitively regulate masculinities and normative arrangements of intimacy between young people through the courts. We conclude, therefore, with a call to paying closer attention to the nature of sexual violence cases making it to and through the courts to ensure that efforts to fight impunity for sexual violence in conflict contribute to successfully securing gender justice for survivors in the pursuit of a gendered peace
Ethical entanglements : human remains, museums and ethics in a European perspective
No full textThe project ‘Ethical entanglements’ aims to theorise and explore ethical debate around the treatment of human remains in museums and research institutions. It moves beyond the dichotomies of Indigenous/Western, science/spirituality and respect/abuse to embrace ambiguity, complexity and messiness. While the project identifies possible approaches to ethical challenges, it does so not through simplification or paring down to ‘solve’ ethics, but by attempting to identify the values and attitudes that inform current practice through international and interdisciplinary comparison. Centred on Sweden, where the debate on human remains in museums is rapidly developing, the project examines attitudes within the museum and research communities against a background of broader public debate. Three linked sub-projects approach the philosophical underpinnings of this discussion through three case studies of practices in Swedish museums, concerns of biomolecular researchers and key issues related to the identified and the anonymous dead.Ethical Entanglements. The Care for Human Remains in Musuems and Research
Forest fertilization transiently increases soil CO2 efflux in young Norway spruce stands in Sweden
No full textLate-rotation fertilization of Norway spruce stands is a frequently used management tool in Fennoscandia to increase timber yields. Meanwhile, the growing demand for renewable resources has sparked great interest in earlier and repeated fertilizer application but it remains unclear how this affects carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes in the understory, especially forest floor respiration (Rff). This study investigated the effects of forest fertilization on Rff and net forest floor exchange (NFFE) in young, nitrogen (N) limited Norway spruce stands in southern Sweden. In a short-term dose experiment, Rff and NFFE were recorded during 2016 after varying doses of N (0,150, 300, or 450 kg ha-1 of N, hereafter N0, N150, N300, N450) were added to circular, 3-m-diameter plots in April. In a second, long-term experiment, two stand-level fertilizer applications with 150 kg ha-1 of N on each occasion were performed in 2014 and 2016 and Rff was measured at semi-regular intervals from mid-2013 to the end of 2017. In the dose experiment, fertilization increased Rff by 23 %, 81 % and 55 % in the N150, N300 and N450 treatments, respectively. Under well-lit conditions, the N300 and N450 treatments significantly enhancedphotosynthetic CO2 uptake of the forest floor vegetation by 97 % and 66 %, respectively, while the N150 treatment had no significant effect. The results of the long-term experiment indicate an initial stimulation of Rff, but this effect was transient. Our findings imply that fertilization in young Norway spruce stands, using the N150 dose (the typical dose used in Swedish forestry), may cause a transient burst in Rff that is far outweighed bynutrient-driven increases in forest floor photosynthesis under favourable light conditions prior to canopy closure
Rehabilitative measures as a legal response for adolescents convicted for drug offences : The Swedish system
No full text Aims: Involvement in minor drug offences at an early age can be a signal of the onset of a potential drug issue. This is why Sweden has considered the criminalization of personal use as a strategy to deter the progression of drug use. This study investigated how the judiciary and social services succeed in identifying and providing support to adolescents convicted of drug offences. Methods: Characteristics of all 15–17-year-olds convicted of offences against the Act on Penal Law on Narcotics (drug offence) in 2017 were examined using Swedish longitudinal registry data (N = 1847). Furthermore, the decision process rendering different legal responses was examined by use of social services files for a subsample of 189 adolescents. Results: About two-thirds of the adolescents had their first conviction for the index offence and the majority received legal responses consisting of rehabilitative measures. Background factors indicated that those with severe drug and criminal issues encounter risk factors relating to their upbringing (e.g., neuropsychiatric disorders were notably more prevalent in this group than among similar peers). Around 61% of adolescents were reconvicted for new drug offences during the three-year study period, but with variations among subgroups. Younger boys who received rehabilitative measures had lower reconviction rates compared to those without. Conclusions: Addressing the underlying factors contributing to adolescent drug offences requires a multifaceted approach that prioritizes early intervention, personalized support, and collaboration across systems to promote positive outcomes and reduce recidivism rates
Sweden's change in attitude towards Russia : A qualitative content analysis of the official Swedish shift in attitude towards Russia between 2008–2022
No full textThroughout recent decades there has been significant changes in the Swedish attitude towards Russia. This thesis will examine the following question: In what way has Sweden's formal attitude towards Russia changed from 2008 to 2022, from a liberal and realistic perspective? Liberalism, a theory emphasising on interdependence, institutional cooperation and democratic peace, whereas realism focuses on relative advantages and security in a world of anarchy. A theory-consuming case study using the qualitative content analysis method will be used. Documents from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Political as well as Public statements have been analyzed in order to successfully answer the research question. The attitude shift towards Russia changed especially after 2014. During that period, Sweden began to break away from interdependence with the state and, together with the EU, imposed sanctions against Russia. Sweden also engaged in greater cooperation with the EU and applied for membership in NATO in 2022. In parallel, Sweden has condemned Russia's actions and emphasized the importance of democracy. Russia's actions have also led to Sweden's increased concern about the change of balance of power and conducted international security cooperation that has benefited the state. Finally, Sweden has had defensive security throughout the specified period 2008-2022
Enhancing Swedish Toddlers’ Learning Opportunities Through Interactions with Pictures and Narrative Designed for Numerical Learning Purposes
No full textThe aim of this study is to deepen the understanding of how preschool teachers can use representations of diferent kinds to bring fore the mathematical content that may be aforded in pictures and narrative designed for numerical learning purposes. Seventy-three video documentations of reading sessions with 27 toddlers (1–3 years of age) over the course of three semesters were analyzed with a focus on number-oriented actions that, theoretically, would facilitate toddlers’ learning of numbers. In the reading sessions the teachers extended the content of the pictures and the narrative in diferent ways, and how one and the same picture was handled was shown to impact on what was made possible for the children to discern. Three diferent objects of learning—identifying numbers, comparing numbers, and operating on numbers—were made visible. Further, the use of gestures strengthened the possibility for the children to make connections within and between representations. This contributes to our understanding of the importance of using representations and gestures with a pedagogical purpose
NATO & Democracy : A descriptive comparative analysis of NATO member countries’ Commitments to NATO's Two-Percent Target and their Democracy levels
No full textThis research examines the relationship between NATO member states commitments to the alliance's two-percent defense spending target and their levels of democracy. A descriptive comparative analysis is done by analyzing data from 2014, 2019, and 2023 to identify patterns between defense spending as a percentage of GDP and democracy indices. The result of this research shows that security threats and geopolitical factors have a great influence on defense spending rather than only the quality of democracy. Full democracies tend to prioritize social welfare issues over military expenditures, while flawed democracies and hybrid regimes display a varying degree of compliance, often influenced by geopolitical factors. By applying the two-level game theory, the research highlights how international expectations and domestic constraints are vital parts of shaping countries’ defense policies. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of NATO’s dynamics and the balance between the alliance's collective security goals and its member states domestic political priorities
The Classroom Where It Happens : Critical Race Perspectives on Hamilton and their Applicability to the Swedish EFL Setting
No full textThis essay presents a literary analysis of Lin-Manuel Miranda’s stage musical Hamilton (2015), examined through the lens of Critical Race Theory. More specifically, it addresses the concepts of meritocracy, colorblindness, and counterstories, and how these concepts can be detected in the show’s lyrics and casting. Furthermore, this essay explores the pedagogical implications for usage in the Swedish upper secondary EFL classroom, with a focus on Critical Race Pedagogy. The findings show that Hamilton’s racially charged content includes a multitude of aspects, such as a minimization of race issues and an erasure of minoritized racial groups in the show’s depiction of the revolutionary era. Furthermore, it is also found that Hamilton, on several occasions, conveys a majoritarian and a minoritized perspective simultaneously – a duality that could offer interesting opportunities for critical race discussions in the EFL classroom. Finally, the pedagogical implications suggest teaching Hamilton in combination with an anti-racist approach focused on race literacy, as this might result in a dismantling of racist systems and mindsets
"That's what makes us children's librarians" : A study of children's librarians own reading as a tool for reading promotion in public libraries
No full textThis bachelor’s thesis is centered around children’s librarians’ own reading of children's literature and how they experience their reading as a work tool for reading promotion towards children in public libraries. The thesis also explores how the children’s librarians perceive the reading as a part of their professional competence. To put the study in a societal context I have examined parts of three public policy documents about reading and reading promotion. The methods used to answer the research questions are qualitative interviews with six children’s librarians and a content analysis of the chosen public policy documents. As a theoretical framework I have used Kann-Christensen and Ballings model (2012) for literature promotion which consists of the three aspects policy, profession and public management. The study shows that the interviewed children’s librarians perceive their own reading and knowledge about books as a very important part of their work and profession, but there are also other equally important aspects, as for example social skills and knowledge about the users. Another conclusion is that although reading is seen as important, both from a policy perspective and from the librarians’ point of view, the librarians find it challenging to prioritize reading as a work task. This could be explained partly from new public management’s call for efficiency and performance measurement but also in part from the difficulties with defining reading promotion as an area on its own. The study also shows that the childrens’s librarians emphasize the importance of sharing knowledge about books with colleagues.
The ringfort as a place of residence : told through depositions
No full textThe Ölandic ringforts are a mystery that is yet to be understood. The goal of this thesis has therefore been to get a better understanding of these buildings and to test the hypothesis that depositions can help to understand to what extent ringforts can be interpreted as settlements. Through a comparative literature study, research of depositions in Eketorps ringfort, Ismantorps ringfort, Sandby borgs ringfort, and Bo and Gamla Skogsby on Öland has been made. The material distribution of the finds has shown to be complex, but a difference can be seen in connection to the abandonment of the buildings and that placements have been made in the centre of the ringforts. The ringforts have therefore been interpreted as public places of residence in different degrees with buildings that symbolises the local community, whereas the settlement only represents a person or a family. The study has also shown the importance of studying buildings in their entirety, a variety of problems with depositions and that more research is needed to further expand our knowledge in this subject.