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Barbie and the hidden advertisement : A quantitative and qualitative study on how product placements are recognized and recalled
No full textThe purpose of the study is to investigate which of the following three product placements viewers pay attention to and remember the most in the movie Barbie (2023): passive placement, active placement with mention, or active placement without mention. The research questions answered in the study are: (1) Which of the following types of product placements do viewers tend to pay attention to the most: passive placement, active placement with mention, or active placement without mention? (2) Which type of product placement do viewers tend to remember the most: passive placement, active placement with mention, or active placement without mention? The methodology applied is a mixed method where the quantitative method is carried out through eye tracking and the qualitative method through semi-structured interviews. The eye tracking experiment showed the participants' fixations on the brands and thus we could see which product placement attracted the most attention. The semi-structured interviews clarify on which of the product placements the participants remembered the most. Data was collected from ten participants, and the same people participated in both the eye tracking and the interviews. The study is relevant because advertising as product placement affects audience awareness. As product placement is a growing strategy today, it is particularly important to understand how we pay attention to and remember them. Therefore, an approach focusing on how different product placements are noticed and recalled by viewers was applied. The results of the study indicate that product placement with mention is the most noticed and recalled placement. The study suggests that visibility and connection to the story are crucial for both the attention and recall of product placements. The study was based on stealth marketing theory and cognitive psychology. According to stealth marketing theory, placements can influence viewers' memories without them consciously focusing on them, as demonstrated by the fact that some participants were able to identify brands even though their eyes were not fixated on them. In line with cognitive psychology, it was found that locations with high salience received more fixations and thus better memory recall.
”Kamala is at a dance party with Beyonce” : A quantitative study on how the American media frame the presidential candidates and the U.S election during the autumn of 2024
No full textThis study examines the framing of presidential candidates Kamala Harris and DonaldTrump in American media during the 2024 election campaign. Using a quantitativecontent analysis, it compares articles from The New York Times and Fox News, twomajor news outlets with contrasting political leanings. Drawing on framing theory andgender theory, the study explores how candidates are portrayed, focusing on bothpolitical and gender-related aspects. The study finds similarities and differences in theportrayal of the candidates. Both were primarily framed as political representativesrather than individuals, often alongside negative quotes, with a primary focus onconflict, strategy and winning. However, stark contrasts in tone align with each outlet’spolitical agenda. By relating these results to earlier research, the study sheds light onhow the media shapes political discussions in a politically polarized societ
Kyrkomusikens medierande kraft : En studie om urvalet av musik i katolska kyrkan, Svenska kyrkan och frikyrkligheten i Sverige
No full textThis study investigates how music is selected and used within the three largest Christian traditions in Sweden: the Catholic Church, the Church of Sweden, and the Free Churches (the Pentecostal church, the Baptist Church and the Mission Church). The aim was to explore how and why strategies for music selection differ between these traditions. Based on qualitative interviews with priests, pastors, and church musicians, the study examines these strategies through the theoretical lenses of Pierre Bourdieu’s concepts of habitus, doxa, educational capital, cultural capital, and illusio, as well as Birgit Meyer’s ideas about mediation and immediacy. The findings reveal distinct strategies in music selection across the traditions. The Catholic Church prioritizes hierarchical and conservative approaches, emphasizing historical authority and musical quality. The Church of Sweden balances tradition and modernity, focusing on accessibility and the needs of the congregation. The Free Churches, in contrast, adopt a more flexible and pragmatic approach, emphasizing more contemporary music and individual contributions. The differences reflect each tradition’s theological and cultural identity, as well as their approach to engaging their congregations, which also gives us great insight into the different power-dynamics and relations within the churches. This study highlights how music serves as both a cultural and theological medium within church practices, but also demonstrates the role of music in shaping and maintaining religious identity
Exploring the development of children’s chemical understanding
No full textThis thesis seeks to enhance our comprehension of how children develop an understanding of chemistry i.e., emerging chemistry. More specifically the aim of the study was to explore children’s conceptualization of basic chemical concepts, such as smallness and explore how metacognitive frameworks contribute in this process. Research conducted earlier has highlighted the crucial role of visual experiences in helping children grasp the abstract concept of matter. This project was designed to provide the visual experience of the subatomic nature of matter, to explore how this experience develops and how it is transferred between different contexts. Learning subject-specific content is a process that goes beyond just the academic aspect; it also encompasses emotional and individual elements, which are important for scientific growth. Vygotsky attempted to address individual aspects of development with the use of the concept of perezhivanie, describing a socially constructed filter through which experiences are refracted. The filter is seen as greatly influenced by both positive and negative emotions, which in turn impacts our interpretations of the world, including scientific events. Suggesting that emotionally positive experiences of science could, change the filter itself and therefore also how an individual will come to interprets future scientific experiences. A process that could have an effect not only on school science but also on the lifelong learning process. A study was initiated with the purpose to analyse how contemporary research conceptualizes the notion of perezhivanie with an emphasis on its use in research. Results show that the use of this concept varies and ranges between social, sociocultural and individualistic approaches, not yet having reached a point of general consensus regarding its characteristics and as an analytical tool. The meta-analysis also suggests that preschool teachers could also benefit from training in self-reflecting processes, which would also contribute to young children’s self-awareness. Given that chemistry emergence is a young field, more overarching aspects of chemistry emergence, such as matter, smallness and other chemical phenomena have not yet been explored. For this reason, emergence is analysed through a combination of Vygotsky's theories of early development and Vosniadou's framework theory, a theory which expands conceptual understanding by incorporating ontological and epistemological dimensions. Within framework theory development is viewed as a transition between intuitive concepts towards counterintuitive concepts and intermediate synthetic models. This development is closely linked to changes in ontology and epistemology. The potential of framework theory as an analytical tool for studying emergence was initially investigated by conducting a meta-analysis of scientific education research papers. Results show that framework theory can be used as an analytical tool for studying emergence and is a way to move beyond the fragmentation caused by the many different theoretical perspectives used in the field of science education. Especially important is highlighting the significance of epistemic and ontological aspects of reasoning in children’s scientific emergence something that is not only important for evaluating emerging chemistry but also for emerging natural science in general. A longitudinal, study following 25 children over one academic year, was implemented, all the sessions were video-recorded using visual- ethnography. Results show that children initially adopt an intuitive understanding regarding smallness, centralized around visibly accessible smallness. This reflects on an early epistemic reasoning, in which causative relationships are limited on visibly accessible data. It also reflects the existence of an early ontological structure of knowledge, in which children use everyday objects as prototypes for understanding matter in general. Results also showed that many children can grasp counter-intuitive concepts regarding smallness, approximating the idea that matter is made of really small sub-microscopic elements. This realization is connected with epistemic changes, such as being able to hold multiple representations of a process, as well as ontological, mainly the ability to construct a new ontological sub-field specifically about microscopic phenomena, based on their own explanatory principles. These results indicate that chemical concepts are not outside the scope of preschoolers range of understanding
Wildfires offset the increasing but spatially heterogeneous Arctic-boreal CO2 uptake
No full textThe Arctic-Boreal Zone is rapidly warming, impacting its large soil carbon stocks. Here we use a new compilation of terrestrial ecosystem CO2 fluxes, geospatial datasets and random forest models to show that although the Arctic-Boreal Zone was overall an increasing terrestrial CO2 sink from 2001 to 2020 (mean +/- standard deviation in net ecosystem exchange, -548 +/- 140 Tg C yr(-1); trend, -14 Tg C yr(-1); P < 0.001), more than 30% of the region was a net CO2 source. Tundra regions may have already started to function on average as CO2 sources, demonstrating a shift in carbon dynamics. When fire emissions are factored in, the increasing Arctic-Boreal Zone sink is no longer statistically significant (budget, -319 +/- 140 Tg C yr(-1); trend, -9 Tg C yr(-1)), and the permafrost region becomes CO2 neutral (budget, -24 +/- 123 Tg C yr(-1); trend, -3 Tg C yr(-1)), underscoring the importance of fire in this region
Possession : A stylistic analysis of the film's cinematography and mise-en-scène
No full textAndrzej Żuławskis Possession (1981) har i modern tid blivit en mycket respekteradkultklassiker. Filmen är komplex och mångtydig då vissa ser filmen som en metafor förregissörens skilsmässa medan andra kopplar den till kalla krigets paranoia. Syftet meddenna uppsats är att göra en stilanalys av filmen med fokus på stildragen filmfoto ochmise-en-scène. Frågeställningen som besvaras är: Hur används stildragen mise-en-scèneoch filmfoto som meningsskapande medel i Possession (1981)? För att undersöka dettaanvänder jag färgteori, tidigare forskningslitteratur om filmen, ett kommentarspår därŻuławski själv medverkar samt egna tolkningar. Denna uppsats analyserar olikakomponenter som färg, scenografi, kostym och rekvisita för att avslöja vissa implicitabetydelser i filmen. Resultaten visar bland annat att färgen röd används som en indikatorpå kompulsiva handlingar, att lägenheternas storlek speglar karaktärernas känsla avbekvämlighet, att karaktärernas förändringar i klädsel kommunicerar deras utveckling,och att rekvisita används för att signalera varningar och påminnelser om förgångnahandlingar. Dessa resultat utgör endast en liten del av de många olika betydelser somfilmen har. Framtida forskning som undersöker andra stildrag, exempelvis klippning,skulle säkerligen kunna bidra med ytterligare värdefulla insikter och ge en ännu bredareförståelse av filmens komplexa narrativ.
The Significance of Writing in German as a Foreign Language Teaching : A Curriculum Analysis Across Three Eras
No full textThis paper provides an analysis of the Swedish curricula and course syllabi in modernforeign language teaching in the Junior High school. Specifically, it examines thedevelopment of the importance of the writing skill in teaching German as a foreignlanguage. To this end, the curricula and course syllabi from 1962, 1994, and 2022 areanalysed. The question of the importance of writing can be more precisely answeredwhen compared with the importance of speaking. The development of this importanceover time is also discussed, particularly in relation to a diagnosed writing weaknessamong Swedish students in their second foreign language. The future impact ofartificial intelligence on the importance of writing remains an open question
Att integrera hållbar utveckling och naturvetenskap i förskolans undervisning : Förskollärares strategier, utmaningar och möjligheter i undervisningen om hållbar utveckling och naturvetenskap
No full textDenna studie undersöker hur förskollärare integrerar hållbar utveckling och naturvetenskap i undervisningen, med fokus på deras strategier, samt de utmaningar och möjligheter som uppstår i detta arbete. Metoden som genomfördes var en kvalitativ, semistrukturerad intervju. Intervjuerna genomfördes med sex erfarna förskollärare med varierande erfarenhet av att undervisa i hållbar utveckling och naturvetenskap. Resultaten visar att förskollärare ofta använder praktiska aktiviteter som kretsloppsprojekt, kompostering och utomhus utforskning för att koppla ihop idéer om naturvetenskap med olika dimensioner av hållbar utveckling. Förskollärarna använder digitala verktyg, naturmaterial och återvunna föremål för att förenkla abstrakta idéer för barn. Resultaten visar dock att integrationen av hållbar utveckling och naturvetenskap i undervisningen var inkonsekvent. Dessutom var fokuset främst på den ekologiska dimensionen av hållbar utveckling, medan de sociala och ekonomiska dimensionerna får mindre vikt vid undervisning. De utmaningar som förskollärarna ofta möter är brist på ekonomiska resurser, brist på tid, begränsad ämneskunskap och utmaningar med att förenkla komplexa koncept för yngre barn. Studien visar att praktiska, intressebaserade aktiviteter bidrar till en effektiv integrering av hållbar utveckling och naturvetenskap i förskoleundervisning. Dessa metoder främjar nyfikenhet och hjälper barn att förstå abstraktahållbar utveckling koncept på engagerande och praktiska sätt. Möjligheter uppstår när förskollärare anpassar undervisningen utifrån barnens intresse, eftersom detta tillvägagångssätt fördjupar engagemang och nyfikenhet hos barnen. Samtliga förskollärare uttrycker sig en stor tilltro till barnens idéer, reflektioner och frågor kring naturvetenskapliga aktiviteter. De sistnämnda faktorerna är centrala för att vägleda planeringen av aktiviteter inom hållbar utveckling och naturvetenskap, vilket kan göra lärandet mer meningsfullt och relevant för barnen.Presentation hölls via zoom möte.</p
Turning Challenges into Opportunities : A qualitative study on organizational resilience
No full textStudien vill undersöka hur organisationer kan arbeta för att utveckla sin resiliens och hur detta arbete bidrar till utveckling och lärande. Genom intervjuer och enkäter har empiri samlats från nio medelstora till stora organisationer. Resultaten visar att arbetet med resiliens inte bara verkar leda till mer resilienta organisationer utan även kan leda till lärande, innovation och förbättring. Studien ger en djupare förståelse av kopplingen mellan resiliens och lärande samt erbjuder förslag på hur organisationer kan stärka detta arbete för att möta framtida utmaningar på ett mer strategiskt sätt, exempelvis belyses strategier för att utveckla en organisationskultur som stödjer stabilitet och förändringskapacitet
