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Historical Studies on the Origins of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Hyuga (Miyazaki) (Part 4) : Court physicians of the Nobeoka-Han, Dojun Shirase and Einen Shirase
Get PDFP(論文)Dojun Shirase (1756-1846) and Einen Shirase (1775-1799) took service as court physician of Nobeoka-Han under the Naito family in the Edo period. Dojun Shirase was born in 1756 and learned medicine and Chinese medicine from Shoyo Kamei in Chikuzen (Fukuoka). After his return to Nobeoka, Dojun Shirase became to be a teacher at Kogyokan's and Meidoukan's schools. In contrast, Einen Shirase, a grandchild of Dojun Shirase was also born in Nobeoka and was a very smart child. When he was twenty-seven years, he was promoted as court physician by Masatsugu Naito. However, at the present time, there are no historical records and materials about Einen Shirase. Another famous thing Einen Shirase did was to write "Enryo-yo-kagami, 2 vol." in 1799. These books were on history of Nobeoka from 1587 to 1712. The graves of both Dojun and Einen Shirase are still located in Zenshouji temple in Nobeoka city. This paper deals with Dojun Shirase, Einen Shirase and the other court physicians around them in Nobeoka in the middle of the Edo period.departmental bulletin pape
A study on welfare town planning from the view point of strolling at senior stages
Get PDFP(論文)This study aims to develop a social welfare informed model of urban design. In urban design there is a need to be aware of not only barriers to movement (barrier-free perspective) but also an awareness of how design impacts the quality of life (QOL perspective). Generally, as people age the radius of movement becomes gradually smaller due to physical effects of age and changes in living circumstances. Thus, we are able to predict a decline in quality of life due to limitations on movement associated with aging. We surveyed movement patterns of the elderly in a community and assessed the impact on QOL. We found two key centers of activity in the community: shopping arcades and combined supermarket-department stores. Our analysis revealed two problems for the elderly: 1. Supermarket-department stores with their satellite shops are replacing the shopping arcades and this has reduced human-centered comfort spaces in favor of business space. 2. Due to inadequate infrastructure, the elderly and physically disabled are restricted to using public transport to access the supermarket-department stores.departmental bulletin pape
A Developmental Study on the Understanding of Addition and Subtraction Problems
Get PDFP(論文)Children's understanding of addition and subtraction problems was developmentally investigated by analyzing strategies used in addition and subtraction problems. One hundred sixty-seven first graders, one hundred sixty-four second graders, and one hundred thirty-four third graders were given addition and subtraction problems. They were classified into three groups according to the strategy they used to solve the problems: a correct response group (over 80 % correct responses), an incorrect strategy group that applied an incorrect strategy to more than two problems, and a group of others that could not be properly classified to the incorrect group. The results were as follows. Among first-year students, the correct response group scored over 80 % for both addition and subtraction problems. In second and third-year students, the correct response group scored 60 % and the incorrect strategy group scored over 20% for subtraction problems. The low proportion of correct response group for subtraction among second and third-graders was due to use of incorrect strategies. These results are discussed in terms of the decimal number system and the structure of numbers.departmental bulletin pape
Increasing QOL and Preventative Nursing Care for the Elderly through Food-Related Empowerment
Get PDFP(論文)Resulting from changes in the Nursing Care Law of 2006, preventative nursing care became a focus due to the increasing numbers of persons needing early stage nursing care. Nutrition has become one of the more important preventative nursing care approaches. The present study sought to investigate the orientations toward food service in nursing facilities for the elderly. Our focus was on how these facilities assessed eating and how information was shared. We found that 55% of the facilities we reviewed used an assessment sheet, and that 80% of this subgroup actively share the information between various care givers. Items such as nutrition, medical care and physical characteristics were more prevalent in the assessments, where as items relating to QOL, such as pleasure or satisfaction of eating, were lacking. There is a need for development of assessments that are based on QOL.departmental bulletin pape
The Fathers' Childcare (2)
Get PDFP(論文)The purpose of this study was to investigate fathers' role in childcare as evaluated by their spouses. Participants (N=317) in this survey were mothers whose children were attending kindergarten or nursery schools. The participants naturally expected that their spouses would take a more active role in childcare, and expected their cooperation more than the actual. The mothers of nursery schoolers evaluated their spouses' actual childcare more and expected their cooperation more than the mothers of kindergarteners. More than half of the participants would consider having another child given the financial resources. In the present situation of declining birthrate, it is necessary to strike Work Life Balance, by supporting the parenthood with legal and financial resources.departmental bulletin pape
Latency of immediately repeated real words and pseudowords in Japanese and English with Japanese adults
Get PDFP(論文)本稿では、即時復唱実験でのボイス・キー使用による音声言語反応潜時測定を報告する。この実験では、4種類の刺激を用いた:日本語と英語の有意味語と無意味語である。日本語を母語とする成人5名に個々の刺激語を聞かせ、なるべく正確に、すばやく復唱させた。全体的に、英語の有意味・無意味語で反応潜時が長く、発語の誤りが多くみられた。英語では、無意味語が有意味語よりも長い反応潜時となっていた。一方、日本語では、有意味語と無意味語での反応潜時はほぼ同じであった。以上の結果より、第二言語学習者にとって、外国語の語は、特に無意味語で、母国語の語と比べて、より多くの認知-言語処理を要求することを示している。This paper reports on an immediate word repetition experiment using a voice key to measure verbal response latency. Four types of words were auditorially presented: real words and pseudowords in both Japanese and English. Five adults, all native Japanese speakers, heard each stimulus word and repeated it as accurately as possible immediately following the end of the stimulus. Overall, longer response latency and more production errors were found for English words and pseudowords. English pseudowords produced longer latencies than did English real words. In contrast, latencies for Japanese real words and pseudowords were similar. These findings suggest that foreign words, especially foreign pseudowords, require greater cognitive-linguistic processing than native words for second-language learners.departmental bulletin pape
Modulation of some cell surface antigens in the monocyte-like cell line U937 in response to β-1,3-1,6 glucan derived from Aureobasidium pullulans
Get PDFP(論文)黒酵母(Aureobasidium plulluns)由来のβ-1,3-1,6 glucanによる単球系細胞株(U937)表面上のCD抗原の動態を各種モノクローナル抗体とフローサイトメトリー法を用いて解析した。その結果、β-1,3-1,6 glucanで培養したU937細胞はCD11b (C3R)、CD54(ICAM-1)、CD93(C1qRp)の発現が有意に増強した(P<0.01)。さらに、β-1,3-1,6 glucanで培養したU937細胞はインターロイキン-8(IL-8)およびアポトーシス関連分子である可溶性Fas分子(sFas)の産生も有意に増強した(P<0.01)。以上の結果から、Aureobasidium plulluns由来のβ-1,3-1,6 glucanはヒトの免疫応答を増強する作用があることがわかった。We examined the modulation of cell surface antigens in a human monocyte-like cell line, U937, cultured with β-1,3-1,6 glucan, produced by the black yeast Aureobasidium pullulans (A. pullulans), using various monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to human cluster of differentiation (CD) antigens and flow cytometry. The expressions of CD11b (complement component receptor type-3; CR3), CD54 (intercellular adhesion molecule-1; ICAM-1) and CD93 (receptor for complement component 1, subcomponent q phagocytosis; C1qRp) in the U937 cells cultured with β-1,3-1,6 glucan were significantly (P<0.01) enhanced, compared with those in the control cells (cultured without β-1,3-1,6 glucan), at 48 hrs. In addition, the cells cultured with β-1,3-1,6 glucan significantly (P<0.01) enhanced the production of interleukin-8 (IL-8) and an apoptosis-related molecule, soluble Fas (sFas), into the culture supernatants. Together, these findings strongly indicate that the β-1,3-1,6 glucan derived from A. pullulans has some immunopotentiator effects for some human immune responses.departmental bulletin pape
A Basic Review of the Biofilm Component In the Dialysate Plumbing System
Get PDFP(論文)It has been pointed out that bio-active substances such as Endotoxins can find their way into the dialysate plumbing system, central to dialysis treatment. For that reason, a wide range of measures have been undertaken regarding dialysate purification in order to ensure that water quality management does not pose a problem. In modern dialysis treatment, dialysate water quality has improved dramatically, thereby reducing the threat of long-term complications to patients, yet the preponderance of Endotoxin substances remain. In the present dialysis system, the foramen magnum diameter film is considered to be the mainstream method. In reverse filtration and back diffusion, however, dialysate pollutants flowing with the blood stream is confirmed to have potentially-serious dangers to patients. When polluted substances caused by Endotoxins are included in the vivo, and the presence of Endotoxins in the dialysate membranes, dialyzer materials and liquid medicines must at all times be avoided. Therefore, the pivotal task hinges on the aseptical maintenance of the dialysate line, and specifically how to grasp it accurately in order to prevent the propagation of bacterial substances. Also, this study found no constant correlation between Endotoxin value and clinical signs, the complications of Endotoxins origins have not been confirmed with respect to water quality management. Moreover, in recent years, micro-organisms in the Endotoxins with the exception of Gram-negative bacteria and the formation of bacterial elements in the biofilm have attracted public attention. To establish line management using the washing method, the washing time appropriate to the water treatment equipment and dialysate plumbing is of central importance in order to ensure water quality in dialysate purification. To ensure dialysate purification in order to achieve QOL improvement in the vital prognosis of patients in every dialysis facility, improving the awareness of clinical-based managing staff is indispensable both to water quality and line management.departmental bulletin pape