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School-based behavioural approach to treat school refusal behaviour : Intensive exposure therapy for returning to classroom
No full textP(論文)Although previous studies have shown effectiveness of intensive exposure therapy for school refusal behaviour, few case studies on this subject have been reported in recent years. This article discusses the successful treatment of a 14-year-old student with school refusal behaviour using intensive exposure therapy. There were two phases in the treatment. In the first phase, the school counsellor, parents and homeroom teacher attended a case conference, where the school counsellor provided psychoeducation on the mechanism of avoidance behaviour. The second phase was the intensive exposure therapy by the parents, homeroom teacher and classmates. Through a series of treatments, the student was able to return to classes on a daily basis. This case study suggests that intensive exposure might be applied as an effective school-based approach for treating school refusal behaviour.departmental bulletin pape
Effects of chamomile aroma on salivary amylase activity and EEG under mental workload
No full textP(論文)Objective:The aim of this study was to evaluate the stress-relieving effect of the aroma of chamomile essential oil by measuring salivary amylase activity and electroencephalogram (EEG) analyses of test subjects. Design:Twenty healthy students performed a calculation task (Uchida-Kraepelin test) for 15 min and then rested for 5 min. During the rest period, 10 students (the aroma group) were exposed to airborne organic chamomile essential oil. After the rest period,all students performed the calculations for further 15 min. Saliva samples were collected at baseline, after the calculation tasks and during the rest period simultaneously with EEG assessment. Results:During the study, no statistically significant changes in levels of salivary amylase activity was detected in either the aroma group or the control group. However, a decrease in frontal beta activity and an increase in slow alpha activity were clearly observed after the rest period among women in the aroma group. The control group and the men in the aroma group showed no such changes. Conclusions:These findings suggest that the aroma of chamomile essential oil has a stress-relieving effect on women.departmental bulletin pape
