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Characteristics and problems of policies for single-parent families in Japan
No full textP(論文)This paper aims to explore an alternative policy that can truly guarantee the well-being of the children in single-parent families. Recent policies have focused on the employment support for single mothers, to the exclusion of other needs. As result, single parents are not receiving the range of assistance that they need. It is important to amend current policies to what can make both parent and child live better and happier in single families.departmental bulletin pape
Differential Assessment between Similar Cognitive-Behavioural Features of Developmental Disabilities : Toward a Detailed and Individualized Understanding and Support
No full textP(論文)Developmental disabilities, including learning difficulties (LD), attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD), are syndromes that have unclear etiologies and are diagnosed on the basis of their clinical features. Developmental disabilities show high rates of comorbidity, resulting in similar clinical pictures in many cases. However, these similar clinical pictures may be based on different underlying factors that can be determined by microscopic observation or tests. In this study, differential assessments that were based on research using laboratory-based cognitive tasks were proposed for differentiating between the underlying factors that contribute to similar clinical pictures of developmental disabilities. These factors, which should be treated using a different therapeutic approach, include the following: 1) error monitoring (the primary deficit typically observed in LD) and mental effort (typically observed in ADHD) with respect to careless mistakes; 2) response decision (typically observed in ADHD) and motor inhibition (typically observed in oppositional defiant disorder/conduct disorder) with respect to behavioural inhibition and 3) preattentive processing (typically observed in LD) and weak central coherence (typically observed in ASD) with respect to global perception. These differential assessments may provide detailed and individualized understanding and support to individuals with developmental disabilities and critical information for the differential diagnosis of developmental disabilities.departmental bulletin pape
Improving the Lifestyle Habits of University Students through Behavioral Change Technique
No full textP(論文)This study investigated whether a cognitive intervention (Group A) and an intervention that added behavioral change techniques (Group B) could change the lifestyle habits of university students. The cognitive intervention presented information as understood by the Diagnostic Inventory of Health and Life Habits (DIHAL.2) and "provided health information." The behavioral change techniques employed expressions of determination, goal setting, self-monitoring and social support. DIHAL.2 was administered before and after both interventions. The DIHAL.2 scores were analyzed by two-way repeated-measures ANOVA. The analysis revealed significant interaction in the total scores of lifestyle habits (exercising, eating and resting) between Group A and B (p<.05). Furthermore, there was a significant interaction in the scores of eating (p<.05) and resting (p<.05), which were subclasses of lifestyle habits. For members of the group that were instructed on added behavioral change techniques, each score improved. As a result, adding behavioral change techniques enhanced the possibility of improving lifestyle habits. Therefore, the results of this study suggest that to improve university students' lifestyle habits, having the correct knowledge is not enough; behavioral science techniques are needed to support improved behaviors.departmental bulletin pape
Actions of Taimatsu fermented rice germ solution on human immune responses
No full textP(論文)本研究では、我々が独自に開発したGABA およびIP6 含有たいまつ米胚芽発酵液(T-FRGS)のヒト末梢血単核球(PBMCs) に対する形態変化およびサイトカイン産生能を解析した。その結果、T-FRGS はPBMCs に形態変化(細胞間凝集)を誘導した。さらに、Enzyme immunoassay (EIA) を用いた解析から、T-FRGS はPBMCs からIL-1β、IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α、GM-CSF、G-CSF の産生を有意に増強させた(P<0.001)。以上の結果から、T-FRGS にはヒト免疫応答を増強させる作用があることがわかった。In this study, we examined the immunological actions of Taimatsu fermented rice germ solution (designated as T-FRGS), containing gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and inositol hexaphosphate (IP6). The morphology of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from normal healthy donors cultured with T-FRGS was dramatically altered (inducement of cell aggregation) as compared with that of the control cells (cultured without T-FRGS) at 24 hrs. In addition, the PBMCs from normal healthy donors cultured with T-FRGS showed strongly enhanced ability to produce some cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1 β ,IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) but not others, such as IL-2 or IL-12. Taken together, these findings clearly indicate that T-FRGS has stimulatory effects on some human immune responses.departmental bulletin pape
Chemical Constituents of Nepalese Propolis
No full textP(論文)Propolis, a complex resinous material collected by honeybees from buds and exudates of certain plant sources neighboring its hive, is considered to possess broad spectrum of biological activities and has historical utilization in folk medicine. Thus, it is extensively being used in health food, pharmaceutical preparations etc. The chemical consistency of propolis is highly dependent on the flora of the region from where it is collected. In this study, we investigated propolis from different geographical locations in Nepal and isolated several known compounds. As a result, we clarified the origins of propolis in Nepal.departmental bulletin pape
School-based behavioural approach to treat school refusal behaviour : Effects and challenges of intensive exposure therapy
No full textP(論文)Although; previous studies have shown the effectiveness of intensive exposure therapy for school refusal behaviour, however few case studies on this subject have been reported in recent years. This article discusses the effects and challenges of school-based intensive exposure therapy for school refusal behaviour in a series of therapies for a 14-year-old female student. The treatment consisted of three phases. In the first phase, the school counsellor provided 14 psychoeducation sessions to the girl's mother. The second phase was a home visit by the guidance counsellor Then, intensive exposure therapy by the mother, guidance counsellor and school counsellor was implemented in the third phase. However, intensive exposure therapy was discontinued a month after it began, due to a change in the school policy. The student returned to classes on a daily basis in the third phase, but her school refusal behaviour relapsed shortly after the therapy was interrupted. This case study suggested not only the effect of school-based intensive exposure therapy but also further challenges of its application.departmental bulletin pape
Integrating adjunct therapies within a large hospital environment : A model of integrating medical services
No full textP(論文)アートセラピーをはじめとする各種セラピーには、病院の現場における不安や否定的気分、痛みへの対処という点において効果が期待されている。また、患者のストレスと不安を低減させるという点で、病院での治療の質および治癒力や患者の満足感を一層高めることが可能である。しかし現状では、その対象が心理面における何らかの不適合性を持っている患者に限定されているケースがほとんどである。本稿では、都市型総合病院における一般的な患者を対象とした融合型補助セラピープログラムの成功例を紹介するために、プログラムコーディネーターの視点からプログラム実施現場の実態について調査を行った。その結果、各種補助セラピーを採り入れた融合型の治療サービスは、大型総合病院という医療現場においてすべてのタイプの患者を対象に幅広く採り入れられる可能性を持っているという点を確認し、その重要性を指摘するに至った。Art therapy, music therapy, massage therapy and other adjunctive therapies have shown promise in hospital settings for reducing anxiety, control of negative mood and in pain management. These therapies also can enhance the patient's hospital experience by reducing stress and anxiety, which can lead to better healing and patient satisfaction. However, in the majority of hospital settings these therapies remain restricted to helping patients with emotional difficulties, if offered at all. This paper reports on an interview with the project coordinator of a successful program which has successfully integrated adjunctive therapies into general patient care within a large metropolitan hospital. The focus of the interview was on the context and efforts which led to this program to successfully integrate adjunct therapies in a large hospital setting. Most importantly, this particular program can serve as a practical model of how a range of integrative healing services can be successfully provided for all patients within a larger hospital environment.departmental bulletin pape